جامعة ووخان

Coordinates: 30°32′27″N 114°21′40″E / 30.54083°N 114.36111°E / 30.54083; 114.36111
(تم التحويل من جامعة ووهان)
جامعة ووخان
Wuhan University
武汉大学
Wuhan University Logo.png
الشعار
自强 弘毅 求是 拓新[1]
الشعار بالإنجليزية
Self-improvement, Perseverance, Truth-seeking, Innovation[2]
النوعجامعة بحثية وطنية
تأسست29 نوفمبر 1893
الرئيسDou Xiankang
الطاقم الأكاديمي7,325
الطلبة58,720
الموقع
ووخان
،
هوبـِيْ
،
الصين
الحرمUrban, 3.5 km2
الموقع الإلكترونيwww.whu.edu.cn
Wuhan University logo with name.png

جامعة ووخان (الصينية المبسطة: 武汉大学؛ الصينية التقليدية: 武漢大學؛ پن‌ين: Wǔhàn Dàxué�؛ بالدارجة 武大؛ Wǔdà�؛ إنگليزية: Wuhan University؛ واختصارها WHU) هي جامعة بحثية وطنية تقع في ووخان، هوبـِيْ.[3] وهي واحدة من أرقى الجامعات في الصين ومن أكثرهم انتقاءً، وقد اعترفت بها وزارة التعليم الصينية في التصنيف Class A Double First Class University.[4] It was one of the four elite universities in the early Republican period[5][مرجع دائرة مفرغة] and is also one of the oldest universities in China. Wuhan University is located at Luojia Hill, with palatial buildings blending Chinese and Western styles. It is regarded by many as one of the most beautiful campuses[6] in China.

Wuhan University has been perennially ranked among the top-tier universities in China. Nationally, it was ranked fourth[7] in 2016 and third[8] in 2017 due to its academic excellence. The university is well known for research in fields such as the social sciences, remote sensing, survey engineering, and hydraulic engineering. It is administered by the Ministry of Education of China and was selected by both Project 985 and Project 211 as a major recipient of state funding.

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التاريخ

Qing Guangxu Emperor's approval of establishing the Ziqiang Institute.
A congratulation calligraphy given to the first class of graduates of National Wuhan University by Cai Yuanpei

The university dates back to the Ziqiang Institute (الصينية التقليدية: 自強學堂؛ الصينية المبسطة: 自强学堂؛ پن‌ين: Zìqiáng Xuétáng�), which was founded in 1893 by Zhang Zhidong, governor of Hubei and Hunan provinces in the late Qing Dynasty.[9]

It changed its name several times before it was named National Wuhan University in July 1928 and was among the first group of national universities in modern China. (There is a dispute on the establishment of Wuhan University: Some believe that its history should date back to 1913, when the National Wuchang Higher Normal College was founded.)

In the early time of its establishment, Ziqiang Institute provided four courses: Chinese, Mathematics, Nature, and Business. After combining the Institute of Minerals and the Institute of Chemical, courses provided were enlarged, with Nature Science and Engineering added. Chinese was extended to English, French, German, Russian, and Japanese.

In October 1902, Ziqiang Institute moved to Dongchang kou, Wuchang, and changed its name to Foreign Languages Institute (方言學堂�), teaching Geography, History, Mathematics, Law, and Communication.

With the approaching Xinhai Revolution of 1911, the Foreign Languages Institute was forced to pause due to lack of funding. In October, the Wuchang Uprising and the end of the Qing dynasty made it impossible for the school to go back to normal. The Foreign Languages Institute stopped running.

In 1913, the Ministry of Education of Beiyang Government decided to found six higher normal colleges in China. Based on the original location, book resource, and faculties of Foreign Language Institute, the Wuchang State Superior Normal Institute (國立武昌高等師範學院) was founded.

In 1922, faculties were extended to Education Philosophy, Chinese, English, Mathematics, Physics and Chemical, History and Sociology, Biology, and Geography.

In August 1923, the school changed its name to the National Wuchang Normal University (國立武昌師範大學). In 1924, it changed its name to National Wuchang University (國立武昌大學).

In 1926, National Wuchang University merged with the National Wuchang Business University (國立武昌商科大學), Hubei University of Medicine (湖北省立醫科大學), Hubei University of Law (湖北省立法科大學), Hubei Arts and Humanity University (湖北省立文科大學), Wuchang Private Chinese University (私立武昌中華大學) to form National Wuchang Sun Yat-Sen University (國立武昌中山大學), alias National No. 2 Sun Yat-Sen University (國立第二中山大學), with Department of University, and subjects of Arts, Science, Law, Business, Medicine and Yu (文、理、法、經、醫、預), 17 faculties, 2 departments.

في 1928، the National Government in Nanjing formed National Wuhan University (國立武漢大學) on the basis of the original National Wuchang Sun Yat-Sen University, consisting of four colleges: Arts, Law, Science, and Engineering (文、法、理、工).

Chiang Kai-Shek was having a parade in 9.12 sports ground

In February 1929, the jurist Wang Shijie became the first president of Wuhan University. During the War of Resistance Against Japan, Wuhan University moved to Leshan, Sichuan Province and returned to Luojia Hill after the war.[10][11]

By the end of 1946, the university had six faculties: liberal arts, law, sciences, engineering, agriculture and medicine. Wuhan University enjoyed a very high academic status, with Wang Shijie, Wang Xinggong, and Zhou Gengsheng as its successive presidents.[11]

Scholars such as Gu Hongming, Zhu Kezhen, Wu Baoliang, Zha Qian, Gui Zhiting, Ye Yage, Li Siguang, Wen Yiduo, Huang Kan, Yu Dafu, Shen Congwen, Zhu Guangqian, Liu Ze, Liu Yongji, Ye Shengtao, Yang Duanliu, and Li Jiannong taught here successively. According to the university, in 1948, the University of Oxford wrote an official letter to the Ministry of Education of the Chinese National Government, stating that Bachelors of liberal arts and sciences that graduated from Wuhan University with average grades above 80 could enjoy "the senior status of Oxford".[11][12]

A notice given to Wuhan University that it will be taken under Communist control.

In 1952, after a general reshuffle of the colleges and departments of the higher education institutions throughout the country, Wuhan University became a university of liberal arts and sciences directly under the administration of the Ministry of Higher Education.[13] Professor Li Da, delegate to the First Congress of the Chinese Communist Party and a celebrated philosopher, economist and academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, held the post of president of the university for 14 years. The Wuhan University School of Medicine and Tongji University Medical School jointly formed Central-south Tongji Medical College (later Wuhan Medical College), then Tongji Medical University.[11]


اندماج

On August 2, 2000, with the approval of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, the new Wuhan University was established as a combination of four major universities close together: the former Wuhan University, the former Wuhan University of Hydraulic and Electrical Engineering (WUHEE), the former Wuhan Technical University of Surveying and Mapping (WTUSM), and the former Hubei Medical University (HBMU).[14]

ملاحظة:

أسماء تاريخية

Year School name
in English 		School name
in simplified Chinese 		School name
in traditional Chinese 		School name
in Pinyin
1893 Ziqiang Institute 自强学堂 自強學堂 Zìqiáng Xuétáng
1902 Fangyan Institute 方言学堂 方言學堂 Fāngyán Xuétáng
1913 National Wuchang Superior Normal College 国立武昌高等师范学校 國立武昌高等師範學校 Guólì Wǔchāng Gāoděng Shīfàn Xuéxiào
1923 National Wuchang Normal University 国立武昌师范大学 國立武昌師範大學 Guólì Wǔchāng Shīfàn Dàxué
1924 National Wuchang University 国立武昌大学 國立武昌大學 Guólì Wǔchāng Dàxué
1926 National Wuchang Zhongshan University 国立武昌中山大学 國立武昌中山大學 Guólì Wǔchāng Zhōngshān Dàxué
1928 National Wuhan University 国立武汉大学 國立武漢大學 Guólì Wǔhàn Dàxué
1949 (Original) Wuhan University (老) 武汉大学 (老) 武漢大學 (lǎo) Wǔhàn Dàxué
2000 (New) Wuhan University (新) 武汉大学 (新) 武漢大學 (xīn) Wǔhàn Dàxué

شئون أكاديمية

In 2018, Wuhan University's student body consisted of 29,405 full-time undergraduates and 19,699 full-time master's degree candidates, 7,163 Ph.D candidates and 2,453 international students.[15]

Former library situated on top of the old dorms, as depicted in the university's logo.
The administrative building houses the president's office.

الترتيب

في الصين

Wuhan University is ranked among the top 10 universities in China.

In 2016, CUAA ranked it the 4th.[7]

In 2015, CUAA ranked it the 4th[16] and Wu Shulian ranked it the 7th.[17]

In 2014, CUAA ranked it the 5th[18] and Wu Shulian ranked it the 7th.[19]

العالم

In 2019, QS World University Rankings ranked it 257th in the world and 9th in China.[20]

In 2016, US News and World Report ranked it 251st in the world and 9th in China.[21]

In 2015, Academic Ranking of World Universities ranked it between 301st-400th in the world[22] and 14th-27th in Greater China (including Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan).[23]

It came 351st-400th in the 2014 Times Higher Education World University Rankings where it ranked 10th in China.[24]

الكليات

كلية الحقوق
The building that housed the College of Chinese Language and Literature and School of History
School of Economics and Management (previously known as the School of Business)
College of Foreign Languages and Literatures

الحرم الجامعي

Campus map of Wuhan University (excluding the Medical Campus)
Cherry blossoms in Wuhan University

The university has rolling physical features with the scenic Luojia Hill and the beautiful East Lake. Its campus is heavily wooded and green, with fragrant flowers everywhere year-round. Wuhan University is widely known as one of the most beautiful universities in China, especially for its cherry blossom garden. A cherry blossom festival is held every spring.[25]

Most stylish old buildings were designed by F. H. Kales (1899–1979).[26] Educated in MIT, Kales was a pioneer to blend western architectural styles with traditional Chinese elements, which is most evident from his roof designs.

Wuhan University boasts a campus covering an area of 5508 mu and has a floor area of 2.42 square kilometres. The university's libraries have a collection of approximately 5.4 million volumes and subscriptions to more than 10,000 Chinese and foreign periodicals.[27]

  • Luojia Hill (Luojiashan)

    Luojia Hill (Luojiashan)

  • Former School of Science

    Former School of Science

  • Administration Building, Former School of Engineering

    Administration Building, Former School of Engineering

  • Former Dorm for male students

    Former Dorm for male students

  • Wuhan's blue roof tiles

    Wuhan's blue roof tiles

  • 2nd Classroom Building

    2nd Classroom Building

  • 3rd Classroom Building

    3rd Classroom Building

  • Former Law School Building

    Former Law School Building

  • Student Club

    Student Club

  • Student Union and Debate Team

    Student Union and Debate Team


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تعاون

Wuhan University has established cooperative relationship with more than 300 universities and research institutes in over 40 countries and regions.

الفن والثقافة

  • Luojia Golden Fall Art Festival
  • Luojia Golden Fall International Cultural Festival
  • Students' Associations Cultural Festival
  • Campus Supermarket of Cultural Activities

أبرز الخريجين

حوادث

في 2009، ذُكِرت الجامعة كجزء من فضيحة فساد بعض إدارييها.[35]

انظر أيضاً

المراجع

  1. ^ 校训释义 (in الصينية المبسطة). Wuhan U. Retrieved July 14, 2014.
  2. ^ "Overview". Wuhan U. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
  3. ^ "Overview". Retrieved October 27, 2012.
  4. ^ 教育部 财政部 国家发展改革委 关于公布世界一流大学和一流学科建设高校及建设 学科名单的通知 (Notice from the Ministry of Education and other national governmental departments announcing the list of double first class universities and disciplines).
  5. ^ zh:民国四大名校
  6. ^ "中国10大景色最美的大学(图)(10)_新浪旅游_新浪网". travel.sina.com.cn.
  7. ^ أ ب 《2016中国大学评价研究报告》出炉 2016中国大学排行榜700强 – via www.cuaa.net.
  8. ^ {[1]
  9. ^ 武汉大学校园风貌. Retrieved 12 09, 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  10. ^ 校史档案. Retrieved 12 09, 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  11. ^ أ ب ت ث "History of Wuhan University". whu.edu.cn. Retrieved 5 April 2018.
  12. ^ 武大校史之信步杂谈. Retrieved June 28, 2012.
  13. ^ 教育部直属高校改革发展成果展—武汉大学. Retrieved November 30, 2012.
  14. ^ "Wuhan University (merger of Wuhan University, Wuhan University of Hydraulic & Electric Engineering, Wuhan Technical University of Surveying & Mapping, Hubei Medical University in 2000)". Retrieved November 30, 2012.
  15. ^ "Facts & Figures". Wuhan University. Retrieved August 18, 2014.
  16. ^ 《2015中国大学评价研究报告》-2015中国大学排行榜700强揭晓. 中国校友会网. Retrieved 18 July 2015.
  17. ^ 武书连2015年中国大学排行榜_腾讯教育_腾讯网. edu.qq.com. Retrieved 2016-01-28.
  18. ^ 中国校友会网2014年中国大学排行榜-新浪教育. edu.sina.com.cn. Retrieved 2016-01-28.
  19. ^ 武书连2014年中国大学排行榜. 新浪教育. Retrieved 18 July 2015.
  20. ^ "Wuhan University". Top Universities (in الإنجليزية). 2015-07-16. Retrieved 2019-03-05.
  21. ^ "Wuhan University". Retrieved 28 January 2016.
  22. ^ "Academic Ranking of World Universities 2015 - Wuhan University". Academic Ranking of World Universities. Retrieved 28 January 2016.
  23. ^ "Ranking of Top Universities in Greater China - 2015". Retrieved 28 January 2016.
  24. ^ "World University Rankings 2014-15: Asia". Times Higher Education. Retrieved October 2, 2014.
  25. ^ "Hubei:Wuhan University—Cherry blossom". Retrieved March 18, 2013.
  26. ^ Sir Banister Fletcher's a history of architecture, Architectural Press, 1996.
  27. ^ 学校简介. Retrieved March 19, 2013.
  28. ^ "Det Informationsvidenskabelige Akademi – Københavns Universitet". Retrieved 18 July 2015.
  29. ^ "Det Informationsvidenskabelige Akademi – Københavns Universitet". Retrieved 18 July 2015.
  30. ^ "Duke Names Senior Leadership for Its Campus in China", The Chronicle of Higher Education Sept 20, 2012 [2]
  31. ^ Duke Chronicle Wuhan steps in to sponsor China campus
  32. ^ arXiv, Emerging Technology from the. "A deep-learning machine was trained to spot criminals by looking at mugshots". technologyreview.com. Retrieved 5 April 2018.
  33. ^ arXiv, Emerging Technology from the. "How a Single Screen Can Show Several Interactive Perspectives". technologyreview.com. Retrieved 5 April 2018.
  34. ^ "Xiaolin Wu". www.ece.mcmaster.ca. Retrieved 5 April 2018.
  35. ^ "Chinese education minister sacked for corruption - Times of India". The Times of India.

وصلات خارجية

30°32′27″N 114°21′40″E / 30.54083°N 114.36111°E / 30.54083; 114.36111 قالب:Wuhan University

قالب:Universities and colleges in Hubei

الكلمات الدالة:
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