جامعة پاڤيا

Coordinates: 45°11′12″N 9°9′23″E / 45.18667°N 9.15639°E / 45.18667; 9.15639


جامعة پاڤيا
Università di Pavia
Logo UNIPV.svg
ختم جامعة پاڤيا
لاتينية: Alma Ticinensis Universitas
النوعحكومية
تأسست13 أبريل 1361; منذ 663 سنة (1361-04-13
القيّمفرانشسكو سڤلتو
الطاقم الأكاديمي981
الطلبة23.849
طلبة قبل البكالوريوس11.983
طلاب الدراسات العليا9.366
الموقع
پاڤيا
،
إيطاليا

45°11′12″N 9°9′23″E / 45.18667°N 9.15639°E / 45.18667; 9.15639
الحرمالمدينة الجامعية/الحضر
ألوان المدرسة     پاڤيا يلو
الانتسابCoimbra Group, EUA, Netval
الموقع الإلكترونيunipv.eu

جامعة پاڤيا (إيطالية: Università degli Studi di Pavia، وتختصر إلى UNIPV ؛ لاتينية: Alma Ticinensis Universitas)، هي جامعة إيطالية مقرها مدينة بافيا بمقاطعة لومبارديا. تأسست سنة 1361، وتضم 9 كليات جامعية. There was evidence of teaching as early as 1361, making it one of the oldest universities in the world. It was the sole university in Milan and the greater Lombardy region until the end of the 19th century.[1] In 2022 the university was recognized by the Times Higher Education among the top 10 in Italy and among the 300 best in the world.[2] Currently, it has 18 departments and 9 faculties. It does not have a main campus; its buildings and facilities are scattered around the city, which is in turn called "a city campus." The university caters to more than 20,000 students who come from Italy and all over the world.

The university offers more than 80 undergraduate programs; over 40 master programs, and roughly 20 doctoral programs (including 8 in English).[1][3] About 1,500 students who enter the university every year are international students.[4]

The university operates multiple cultural and scientific museums, including the University History Museum, a botanical garden, research centers, university libraries and a university press. The university is also affiliated with Policlinico San Matteo, at which hundreds of medical students from the university perform clinical rotations during their clinical years.

The University of Pavia is a member of the COIMBRA Group and European University Association. It also participates in the Erasmus Programme, which allows student exchanges between the University of Pavia and various universities in Europe.[5]

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

التاريخ

تعد جامعة بافيا واحدة من أقدم جامعات أوروبا؛ إذ يدل مرسوم ملكي أصدره ملك إيطاليا الفرنجي لوثر الأول (الذي حكم بين عامي 818 و855 ميلادية) على أن مؤسسة للتعليم العالي وجدت في بافيا منذ سنة 825 م. وقد كانت هذه المؤسسة مكرسة في الأساس لدراسة القانون الكنسي والمدني إلى جانب الإلهيات، وتربعت على رأس المراكز التعليمية المرموقة في شمال إيطاليا آنذاك. وقد نالت الجامعة الاعتراف بموجب مرسوم من الإمبراطور الروماني المقدس كارل الرابع (الذي حكم بين عامي 1355 و1378)، وعقب ذلك نمت الجامعة وقام بتجديدها دوق ميلانو جان غالياتسو فيسكونتي (الذي حكم بين عامي 1385 و1402)، لتكون الجامعة الوحيدة في دوقيته.

وفي سنة 1858 شهدت الجامعة احتجاجات طلابية عنيفة ضد الحكم النمساوي لشمال إيطاليا (الذي كان يتخذ من مملكة لومبارديا فينيشيا غطاء لذلك الحكم) إبان صعود موجة القومية الإيطالية التي عمت مظاهراتها أرجاء إيطاليا في الفترة التي سبقت توحيد إيطاليا (1859 ـ 1866)، وكان رد السلطات على هذه الاحتجاجات الطلابية هو غلق الجامعة مؤقتاً.

استفادت الجامعة على مدى تاريخها من وجود العديد من المثقفين والعلماء البارزين الذين وضعوا العديد من المؤلفات الهامة وحققوا العديد من الاكتشافات البارزة، ومن هؤلاء عالم الرياضيات غيرولامو كاردانو (ولد في بافيا، وعاش بين عامي 1501 و1576)، وعالم الفيزياء أليساندرو فولتا (أستاذ كرسي الفيزياء الطبيعية في جامعة بافيا بين عامي 1769 و1804)، والشاعر أوغو فوسكولو (أستاذ كرسي البلاغة الإيطالية عامي 1809 و1810) والطبيب كاميلو غولجي (الذي عمل في جامعة بافيا منذ عام 1861).


كليات الجامعة

  • كلية الاقتصاد
  • كلية الهندسة
  • كلية العلوم الإنسانية
  • كلية القانون
  • كلية العلوم الفيزيائية والطبيعية والرياضياتية
  • كلية الطب
  • كلية العلوم الموسيقية
  • كلية الصيدلة
  • كلية السياسة

المتاحف

The university also manages multiple points of interest:[6][7]

Voltaic pile, University History Museum of the University of Pavia.

متحف تاريخ الجامعة

المقالة الرئيسية: University History Museum, University of Pavia

The University History Museum (إيطالية: Museo per la Storia dell'Università) hosts a large number of scientific instruments, anatomical and pathological preparations and samples, historical documents and volumes which are part of the university's history. The museum collection includes Antonio Scarpa's preserved dismembered head.[8][9]


متحف التكنولوجيا الكهربائية

The Museum of Electrical Technology (إيطالية: Museo della Tecnica Elettrica) is intended as a permanent tribute to Alessandro Volta. It has an area of 5,000 sqm, with 3,200 sqm reserved for visitors.[بحاجة لمصدر] It is divided into 5 sections, each section represents a different era of advancements in field of electricity and electronics.[10][11]


متحف التاريخ الطبيعي

المقالة الرئيسية: Natural History Museum, Pavia

The Museum of Natural History (إيطالية: Museo di Storia Naturale) dates back to 1769 when Lazzaro Spallanzani became professor on Natural History at the University of Pavia. The museum is divided into three sections — Comparative Anatomy, Zoology and Geopaleontology. The museum is currently located in Palazzo Botta Adorno.

The museum hosts multiple collections including:

  • the Spallanzani collection[12] which contains preserved specimens of the Nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus), hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius), short-finned mako shark (Isurus oxyrhynchus), bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus), and small orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus).
  • the Zoology collection[13] which contains over 5,000 specimens of vertebrates and invertebrates.
  • the Geopaleontology collection[14] which contains over 30,000 fossil specimens, which date back the Piocene and Miocene era. The collections also includes 5,000 rocks and minerals and 65 slabs of fish from Bolca deposit.
  • the Comparative Anatomy collection[15] which contains more than 5,000 artifacts including skeletons, specimens and anatomical preparations of mainly vertebrates including an elephant,[16] which underwent restoration in 2014.[17]
Museum of Archeology, University of Pavia

متحف الآثار

المقالة الرئيسية: Museum of Archeology of the University of Pavia

The Museum of Archeology (إيطالية: Museo di Archeologia) had its first collection funded by Pietro Vittorio Aldini in 1819 for education purposes. Now, it houses different collections such as engraved coins and gems from the late Roman empire, Celtic and Byzantine eras, potteries, figurines dating back to 2000 BC and a pair of mummies.[18][19][20][21]

متحف كاميلو گولجي

The Museum Camillo Golgi (إيطالية: Museo Camillo Golgi) was built in honor of Camillo Golgi and his most important discoveries, the black reaction to visualize neurons[22] as well as his studies on malaria. The museum hosts a collection of his scientific publications and instruments used such as syringes, microtomes, microscopes, original photographic plates of histological preparations, all dating back to the 1900s.[23][24] The museum was set in the same building where he conducted most of his experiments via the Institute of General Pathology.[25]

Museum Camillo Golgi, the laboratory, with the original tools, used by Camillo Golgi and his students

حديقة نباتات پاڤيا

المقالة الرئيسية: Orto Botanico dell'Università di Pavia

The Pavia Botanical Garden (إيطالية: Orto Botanico), which was established at the end of the 18th century, covers an area of 2 hectares.[26] The botanical gardens host a seed and herbarium bank at its educational center, Bosco Siro Negri Park Reserve.[27] The garden hosts a variety of plant collections including roses, orchids as well as other plant species native to Lombardy.[28]

Pavia Botanical Garden, 1773

متحف علم المعادن

The Museum of Mineralogy (إيطالية: Museo di Mineralogia) originated from a section dedicated to minerals in the Museum of Natural History. The museum hosts a large collection of rocks and minerals, categorized systematically.[29] The collection also includes minerals from different Italian regions. In 1923. Professor Angelo Bianchi donated rock samples which he had collected earlier in his career. Each sample was meticulously described in details in his various scientific publications.

The museum also displays a collection of meteorites which fell around Siena at the end of the 18th century[30] and were collected by Lazzaro Spallanzani.


. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

مركز المخطوطات

The Center of Manuscripts[31] (إيطالية: Centro di ricerca sulla tradizione manoscritta di autori moderni e contemporane or إيطالية: Centro Manuscritto) was formally established on 24 January 1980; however, in 1969, Maria Corti,[32] a professor at the University of Pavia, had an idea to set up a Manuscript Fund (إيطالية: Fondo Manoscritti), dedicated to preserving writings and manuscripts from twentieth-century authors. The center hosts a collection of writings and manuscripts from writers of the last two centuries including manuscripts and papers handwritten by the poet Eugenio Montale,[33] as well as various autographed editions of the novel the Philosophy of Madonna (إيطالية: La Madonna dei filosofi) by Carlo Emilio Gadda, and an annotated edition of the manuscript for My Cousin Andrea (إيطالية: Mio cugino Andrea) by Romano Bilenchi. The collection preserved by the center covers more than 200 authors.

The center is located at the Palazzo Centrale of the University of Pavia, and a branch is recently added to one of the university's sites at Via Luino.

Center of Manuscripts

مجموعات أخرى

The university also hosts special collections which are accessible only by appointments. These collections are not accessible by the public:[34]

  • Physiology collections covers 300 various instruments used in physiological research, such as galvanometers, scales, devices for measuring tactile sensation and pain sensitivity and so on. The collection is hosted by the Department of Molecular Medicine.
  • Histology and embryology collections covers over 10,000 histological slides of different tissues and organs, embryological models in wax as well as microscopes and other instruments. The collection is hosted by the Department of Experimental Medicine.
  • Musicology collections[35] covers about 1,100 works including 80 musical instruments such as aerophones, chordophones and idiophones, as well as thousands of perforated rolls for antique pianos. The collection is hosted by the Department of Music.
  • Cattaneo collection covers preserved anatomical and histological preparations in the fields of osteology, angiology, splanchnology, esthesiology, neurology and topographic anatomy. The collection is hosted by the Public Health, Neurosciences, Experimental and Forensic Medicine.

Notable alumni and academics

انظر أيضاً: Category:University of Pavia alumni


Honorary degrees


Medaglia teresiana

Samantha Cristoforetti was presented with honorary doctorate

The Medaglia teresiana is an academic recognition that establishes the entry of a full professor in the University of Pavia. This award can also be conferred by the Rector of the University of Pavia to people who are particularly distinguished, traditionally hosted at the inauguration of the academic year or the day of the graduates:


. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See also

References

  1. ^ أ ب "University of Pavia". Times Higher Education (THE). Retrieved 2017-10-10.
  2. ^ "World University Rakings". timeshighereducation.com. Times Higher Education. 25 August 2021. Retrieved 16 October 2022.
  3. ^ "Universitaly - Scheda Ateneo - Università degli Studi di PAVIA". Universitaly. Retrieved 2019-04-25.
  4. ^ USTAT. "Esplora i dati". USTAT. Retrieved 2019-04-25.
  5. ^ "International Students Welcome Week 2018". www.unipv.eu (in الإيطالية). Archived from the original on 2019-04-20. Retrieved 2019-04-20.
  6. ^ Spizzi, Dante. "Sistema Museale d'Ateneo" (in الإيطالية). Retrieved 2019-04-23.
  7. ^ "The Museums of the University of Pavia". Atlas Obscura. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  8. ^ Abbott, Alison (2008-01-30). "Hidden treasures: The University History Museum in Pavia". Nature. 451 (7178): 526. Bibcode:2008Natur.451..526A. doi:10.1038/451526a. ISSN 1476-4687.
  9. ^ "Antonio Scarpa's head - Himetop". himetop.wikidot.com. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  10. ^ Spizzi, Dante. "le sezioni del museo | Museo Tecnica Elettrica" (in الإيطالية). Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  11. ^ "Pavia: apre il Museo della Tecnica Elettrica". Impianti elettrici - norme tecniche (in الإيطالية). 2007-03-01. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  12. ^ Spizzi, Dante. "Collezione di Spallanzani | Museo di Storia Naturale" (in الإيطالية). Archived from the original on 2018-03-18. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  13. ^ Spizzi, Dante. "Collezione di Zoologia | Museo di Storia Naturale" (in الإيطالية). Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  14. ^ Spizzi, Dante. "Collezione di Paleontologia | Museo di Storia Naturale" (in الإيطالية). Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  15. ^ Spizzi, Dante. "Collezione di Anatomia Comparata | Museo di Storia Naturale" (in الإيطالية). Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  16. ^ Pavia, Università di (2017-04-07), Un giorno da Elefante, https://www.flickr.com/photos/unipavia/34160718152/, retrieved on 2019-04-24 
  17. ^ UCampus Università di Pavia (2017-04-27), L'Università di Pavia presenta l'elefante indiano restaurato, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CjkB3V9vGgc, retrieved on 2019-04-24 
  18. ^ Spizzi, Dante. "Collezione egizia e orientale | Museo di Archeologia" (in الإيطالية). Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  19. ^ "::Pavia Musei". www.museicivici.pavia.it. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  20. ^ "Museo di Archeologia: giornata di studi sulle due mummie egizie". Giornale di Pavia (in الإيطالية). 2018-12-03. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  21. ^ Pavia, Università di (2017-03-11), Il nuovo Egyptian Corner all'Università di Pavia, https://www.flickr.com/photos/unipavia/34348579084/, retrieved on 2019-04-24 
  22. ^ Mazzarello, Paolo; Berzero, Antonella; Bertini, Giuseppe; Mariotto, Sara; Tesoriero, Chiara; Ferrari, Sergio; Cotrufo, Tiziana; Bentivoglio, Marina (2019). "The Original Histological Slides of Camillo Golgi and His Discoveries on Neuronal Structure". Frontiers in Neuroanatomy. 13: 3. doi:10.3389/fnana.2019.00003. PMC 6388087. PMID 30833889. S2CID 62896648.
  23. ^ Spizzi, Dante. "Il museo | Museo Camillo Golgi" (in الإيطالية). Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  24. ^ "Museo Golgi". www.museogolgi.it. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  25. ^ "Italy". brainmuseumtour.neuroscience.dal.ca. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  26. ^ "ORTO BOTANICO - DET". www-3.unipv.it. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  27. ^ "Bosco Siro Negri - Riserva Naturale Integrale". boscosironegri.unipv.it. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  28. ^ "The Botanic Garden of the University of Pavia" (PDF).
  29. ^ "Museo di Mineralogia". musei.unipv.it. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  30. ^ "La caduta di sassi a Siena nel 1794 - Siena meteorite fall of 1794". meteore.uai.it. Retrieved 2019-04-25.
  31. ^ Pavia, Università di (2018-02-06), Il Centro Manoscritti dell'Università di Pavia, https://www.flickr.com/photos/unipavia/38879887080/, retrieved on 2019-04-24 
  32. ^ "Archivi | Biblioteche speciali | Fondazione Maria Corti". fondazionemariacorti (in الإيطالية). Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  33. ^ "Il Centro". centromanoscritti.unipv.it. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  34. ^ Spizzi, Dante. "Altre collezioni | Sistema Museale d'Ateneo" (in الإيطالية). Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  35. ^ Pavia, Università di (2017-06-12), CERIMONIA DI INAUGURAZIONE DELLA COLLEZIONE DI STRUMENTI MUSICALI DEL DIPARTIMENTO DI MUSICOLOGIA E BENI CULTURALI – 12 giugno 2017, https://www.flickr.com/photos/unipavia/35891224702/, retrieved on 2019-04-24 
  36. ^ "The Philosopher's Stone" (PDF). Nature. 68 (1765): 393–394. August 1903. doi:10.1038/068393a0. S2CID 41614259.
  37. ^ Kreft, Marko; Zorec, Robert (2008-04-23). "Truth about a plant with many names". Nature. 452 (7190): 934. Bibcode:2008Natur.452R.934K. doi:10.1038/452934d. ISSN 1476-4687.
  38. ^ Jacobs, Patricia A.; Robson, Bette (2008-07-24). "Marco Fraccaro". European Journal of Human Genetics. 16 (8): 1024. doi:10.1038/ejhg.2008.126. ISSN 1476-5438.
  39. ^ Ainsworth, G. C. (February 1956). "Agostino Bassi, 1773–1856". Nature. 177 (4502): 255–257. Bibcode:1956Natur.177..255A. doi:10.1038/177255a0. ISSN 1476-4687. S2CID 4161144.
  40. ^ Ribatti, D. (2006-08-23). "Obituary". Leukemia. 20 (9): 1650. doi:10.1038/sj.leu.2404309. ISSN 1476-5551.
  41. ^ "Leopoldo Maggi (1840–1906)". Nature. 145 (3680): 736. 1940-05-01. Bibcode:1940Natur.145R.736.. doi:10.1038/145736b0. ISSN 1476-4687.
  42. ^ "St. Charles Borromeo | Italian cardinal and archbishop". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2019-04-26.
  43. ^ "PIO V - ANTONIO MICHELE GHISLIERI - BIOGRAFIA". cronologia.leonardo.it. Archived from the original on 2019-04-24. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  44. ^ "Cesare Beccaria | Italian criminologist". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  45. ^ "Eugenio Beltrami (1835-1900)". www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  46. ^ "BOLDONI, Sigismondo in "Dizionario Biografico"". www.treccani.it (in الإيطالية). Archived from the original on 2019-09-09. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  47. ^ أ ب ت ث خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة :1
  48. ^ Giglioni, Guido (2019), Zalta, Edward N., ed., Girolamo [Geronimo Cardano] (Summer 2019 ed.), Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University, https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2019/entries/cardano/, retrieved on 2019-04-24 
  49. ^ "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza, a giant in population genetics and professor emeritus, dies at 96". News Center. Retrieved 2019-04-20.
  50. ^ أ ب "The Reconstruction of Evolution" (PDF). Heredity. 18 (4): 551–555. November 1963. doi:10.1038/hdy.1963.66. S2CID 46541060.
  51. ^ "Corti, Alfonso Giacomo Gaspare | Encyclopedia.com". www.encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  52. ^ "Baldus de Ubaldis".
  53. ^ "Bl. Contardo Ferrini | Saint Kateri Tekakwitha Parish - Irondequoit, NY". Archived from the original on 2019-04-24. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  54. ^ "I GIORNI DEL FOSCOLO A A PAVIA". www.cesareangelini.it. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  55. ^ "Gasparrini, scoperto busto all'Orto Botanico | In Ateneo". www.unina.it. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  56. ^ "GASPARRINI, Guglielmo in "Dizionario Biografico"". www.treccani.it (in الإيطالية). Archived from the original on 2020-03-25. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  57. ^ "Camillo Golgi | Italian physician and cytologist". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  58. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1906". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  59. ^ "NATTA, Giulio in "Dizionario Biografico"". www.treccani.it (in الإيطالية). Archived from the original on 2019-04-28. Retrieved 2019-04-20.
  60. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1963". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  61. ^ "Giulio Natta | Italian chemist". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  62. ^ Capani, Jennifer B. (January 2017). "PhD Dissertation". An 'Alter Kampfer' at the Forefront of the Holocaust: Otto Ohlendorf Between Careerism and Nazi Fundamentalism.
  63. ^ "Romagnosi, Gian Domenico (1761–1835) | Encyclopedia.com". www.encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  64. ^ "Nobel Prize Winner, Professor Carlo Rubbia Delivered a Wonderful Report for Students of the High School Affiliated to CUMT". eng.cumt.edu.cn. Archived from the original on 2019-04-24. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  65. ^ "Academy of Europe: Rubbia Carlo". www.ae-info.org. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  66. ^ Grzybowski, Andrzej; Sak, Jarosław (February 2013). "Antonio Scarpa (1752–1832)". Journal of Neurology. 260 (2): 695–696. doi:10.1007/s00415-012-6658-4. ISSN 0340-5354. PMC 3566389. PMID 22926229.
  67. ^ Bruce Fye, W. (April 1997). "Antonio Scarpa". Clinical Cardiology. 20 (4): 411–412. doi:10.1002/clc.4960200422. PMC 6655827. PMID 9098606.
  68. ^ "DIONYSIOS SOLOMOS - The national poet of Greece". www.ellines.com. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  69. ^ Sakellis, Eleni (2019-02-11). "Celebrating the Greek Letters & Dionysios Solomos". The National Herald. Archived from the original on 2019-04-24. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  70. ^ "Dionysios Solomos". Collezioni Europeana (in الإيطالية). Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  71. ^ "Lazzaro Spallanzani | Italian physiologist". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  72. ^ "Lazzaro Spallanzani | Encyclopedia.com". www.encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  73. ^ "Lorenzo Valla | Encyclopedia.com". www.encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  74. ^ "Lorenzo Valla | Italian humanist". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  75. ^ "Gallery of Philologists | Lorenzo Valla". www.umass.edu. Archived from the original on 2019-05-05. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  76. ^ "Alessandro Volta | Biography, Facts, & Invention". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  77. ^ "Alessandro Volta | Encyclopedia.com". www.encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  78. ^ "Anatomy in the Renaissance". www.metmuseum.org (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2023-04-09.
  79. ^ "Torre, Marcantonio Della | Encyclopedia.com". www.encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  80. ^ "Leonardo da Vinci Between Art and Science | Jones". faculty.virginia.edu. Archived from the original on 2019-04-24. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  81. ^ "Agostini Angela — Scienza a due voci". scienzaa2voci.unibo.it. Retrieved 2019-04-25.
  82. ^ "Dipartimento economia pubblica e territoriale Università di Pavia". www-3.unipv.it. Retrieved 2019-04-20.
  83. ^ "Antonio Lanzavecchia | IRB". www.irb.usi.ch. Archived from the original on 2018-07-05. Retrieved 2019-04-20.
  84. ^ Bracco, Christian (September 2017). "Albert Einstein and the Marangoni family". arXiv:1803.09282. Bibcode:2018arXiv180309282B. Retrieved 2019-04-20. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  85. ^ "BRUGNATELLI, Luigi Valentino in "Dizionario Biografico"". www.treccani.it (in الإيطالية). Retrieved 2019-11-24.
  86. ^ Antonello, E. (2014). "Bonaparte and the astronomers of Brera Observatory". arXiv:1405.6841 [physics.hist-ph].
  87. ^ Mazzarello, Paolo; Calligaro, Alberto; Calligaro, Alessandro L.; Mazzarello, Paolo (October 2001). "Giulio Bizzozero: a pioneer of cell biology". Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology. 2 (10): 776–784. doi:10.1038/35096085. ISSN 1471-0080. PMID 11584305. S2CID 22705707.
  88. ^ S, E. C. (1922-07-01). "Calendar of Industrial Pioneers". Nature. 110 (2750): 99. Bibcode:1922Natur.110...99E. doi:10.1038/110099a0. ISSN 1476-4687.
  89. ^ Rolleston, J. D. (July 1940). "Prof. Giuseppe Sanarelli". Nature. 146 (3689): 54–55. Bibcode:1940Natur.146...54R. doi:10.1038/146054b0. ISSN 1476-4687.
  90. ^ "William Sharpey M.D., F.R.S." Nature. 21 (546): 567–568. 1880-04-01. Bibcode:1880Natur..21..567.. doi:10.1038/021567a0. ISSN 1476-4687.
  91. ^ "Storia". www.museoscienzebergamo.it. Retrieved 2019-04-28.
  92. ^ D. Cardwell: The Norton History of Technology, Norton (1995)
  93. ^ "An Italian Psychologist". Nature. 143 (3618): 353–354. March 1939. doi:10.1038/143353a0. ISSN 1476-4687. S2CID 186244379.
  94. ^ UCampus Università di Pavia (2017-10-11), Laurea honoris causa a Paolo Conte (cerimonia integrale), https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-2hF-KaXimk, retrieved on 2019-04-24 
  95. ^ "Laurea honoris causa in musicologia a Paolo Conte". VareseNews (in الإيطالية). 2017-09-26. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  96. ^ "news.unipv – 9 ottobre – UNIPV conferisce la laurea honoris causa in Musicologia a Paolo Conte". news.unipv (in الإيطالية). Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  97. ^ Pavia, Università di (2017-10-09), Laurea honoris causa a Paolo Conte, https://www.flickr.com/photos/unipavia/37372752110/, retrieved on 2019-04-24 
  98. ^ "Ursula and Warren Kirkendale | Casa editrice Leo S. Olschki". www.olschki.it. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  99. ^ Messana, Victoria. "LibGuides: First Day Covers from the Collection of Edward C. Halperin, M.D., M.A.: Sir Roger Bannister". guides.library.nymc.edu. Retrieved 2019-04-20.
  100. ^ "Pierre Darriulat | Vietnam Journal of Science, Technology and Engineering". vietnamscience.vn. Archived from the original on 2019-04-24. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  101. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1987". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  102. ^ "Graham John Hills" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-04-24. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  103. ^ "Zmarł prof. Jerzy Kroh". lodz.pan.pl. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  104. ^ "Laurea " ad honorem " in Scienze Politiche a Herbert A. Simon (Università di Pavia, 12 ottobre 1988)". Il Politico. 53 (4 (148)): 723–728. 1988. ISSN 0032-325X. JSTOR 43100874.
  105. ^ أ ب Cossiga, Francesco; Schmid, Roberto; Scaramozzino, Pasquale; Ara, Angelo; Colombo, Arturo (1991). "LAUREA " HONORIS CAUSA " IN SCIENZE POLITICHE A RICHARD VON WEIZSÄCKER E AGOSTINO CASAROLI (Università di Pavia, 28 giugno 1991)". Il Politico. 56 (2 (158)): 375–392. ISSN 0032-325X. JSTOR 43101202.
  106. ^ "Inventaire des papiers Triffin" (PDF).
  107. ^ "Visita del Presidente Ciampi". presidenti.quirinale.it. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  108. ^ "Le onorificenze della Repubblica Italiana". www.quirinale.it. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  109. ^ "CIPOLLA, Carlo in "Dizionario Biografico"". www.treccani.it (in الإيطالية). Archived from the original on 2019-05-28. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  110. ^ "Laurea in Ingegneria Elettronica a Federico Faggin". www.unipv.eu (in الإيطالية). Archived from the original on 2019-04-24. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  111. ^ "Laurea in Ingegneria Civile a Thomas J. R. Hughes". www.unipv.eu (in الإيطالية). Archived from the original on 2019-04-24. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  112. ^ "Laurea in Ingegneria Edile - Architettura ad Alvaro Siza Vieira". www.unipv.eu (in الإيطالية). Archived from the original on 2019-04-24. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  113. ^ "Laurea in Ingegneria Informatica a Richard Stallman". www.unipv.eu (in الإيطالية). Archived from the original on 2019-04-24. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  114. ^ "Biography". stallman.org. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  115. ^ "Laurea in Lettere a Moni Ovadia e Irene Hijmans-Tromp". www.unipv.eu (in الإيطالية). Archived from the original on 2019-04-24. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  116. ^ "Laurea in Psicologia a Giovanni Berlucchi". www.unipv.eu (in الإيطالية). Archived from the original on 2019-04-24. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  117. ^ "Contrarian Ted Lowi rails against presidential power and the 'history of illegitimacy' in America". Cornell Chronicle. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  118. ^ Pavia, Università di (2008-09-05), Laurea Honoris Causa T.J. Lowi, https://www.flickr.com/photos/unipavia/16543200394/, retrieved on 2019-04-24 
  119. ^ "Salvatore Ruggeri" (PDF).
  120. ^ "Interview with Otmar Issing". Yale School of Management. 2013-12-24. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  121. ^ "President". www.ifk-cfs.de. 2019-03-19. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  122. ^ أ ب Pavia, Università di (2010-11-22), Laurea Honoris Causa a Salvatore Ruggeri e Otmar Issing - 22/11/2010, https://www.flickr.com/photos/unipavia/16979677939/, retrieved on 2019-04-24 
  123. ^ "Dr. Paul Janssen Award". Dr. Paul Janssen Award. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  124. ^ "Paul Janssen". www.pas.va. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  125. ^ "TEATRO: LAUREA HONORIS CAUSA A GIORGIO STREHLER". www1.adnkronos.com. 18 November 1992. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  126. ^ أ ب "Laurea in Medicina e Chirurgia a Torsten N. Wiesel e Marc Tessier-Lavigne". www.unipv.eu (in الإيطالية). Archived from the original on 2019-04-24. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  127. ^ أ ب Pavia, Università di (2006-09-19), Laurea Honoris Causa a T. Wiesel e M.Tessier-Lavigne 19 settembre 2006, https://www.flickr.com/photos/unipavia/16979879899/, retrieved on 2019-04-24 
  128. ^ "Tessier-Lavigne CV" (PDF). 23 January 2023.
  129. ^ أ ب "Laurea in Neurobiologia a Rodolfo Llinas e Gordon Shepherd". www.unipv.eu (in الإيطالية). Archived from the original on 2019-04-24. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  130. ^ "Sir John Eliot Gardiner | Monteverdi Choir and Orchestras". 74.50.30.33. Archived from the original on 2019-04-24. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  131. ^ "Laurea in Musicologia a John Eliot Gardiner". www.unipv.eu (in الإيطالية). Archived from the original on 2019-04-24. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  132. ^ Pavia, Università di (2015-04-16), Laurea Honoris Causa a E. Gardiner, https://www.flickr.com/photos/unipavia/16979983419/, retrieved on 2019-04-24 
  133. ^ "Laurea in Medicina e Chirurgia a Christopher G.A. McGregor". www.unipv.eu (in الإيطالية). Archived from the original on 2019-04-24. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  134. ^ "Laurea in Medicina e Chirurgia ad Albert Bernard Ackerman". www.unipv.eu (in الإيطالية). Archived from the original on 2019-04-24. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  135. ^ "Visions of Justice" (PDF).
  136. ^ "Laurea in Giurisprudenza a Mirjan Damaska". www.unipv.eu (in الإيطالية). Archived from the original on 2019-04-24. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  137. ^ "Laurea " ad honorem " in Scienze Politiche a Altiero Spinelli (alla memoria)". Il Politico. 53 (2 (146)): 331–335. 1988. ISSN 0032-325X. JSTOR 43100718.
  138. ^ "Acchiappati, Gianfranco".
  139. ^ أ ب "Due lauree ad honorem - la Provincia Pavese". Archivio - la Provincia Pavese (in الإيطالية). 13 October 2005. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  140. ^ "Robert Kahn | IEEE Computer Society". 28 March 2018. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  141. ^ "Dr. Vinton Cerf and Dr. Robert Kahn". georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  142. ^ "The Japan Prize Foundation". www.japanprize.jp. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  143. ^ "Fritz Leonhardt" (PDF).
  144. ^ adminst. "Pasquale Pistorio". ST Foundation. Archived from the original on 2019-04-24. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  145. ^ "Pasquale Antonio Pistorio: Executive Profile & Biography - Bloomberg". www.bloomberg.com. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  146. ^ "Announcement of 2nd Pais Prize to John L. Heilbron". www.aps.org. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  147. ^ "Tomaso Poggio | The Center for Brains, Minds & Machines". cbmm.mit.edu. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  148. ^ "Diana Bracco, President".
  149. ^ "Diana Bracco | World Food Research and Innovation Forum". worldfoodforum.eu. Archived from the original on 2019-04-24. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  150. ^ Pavia, Università di (2012-10-29), Laurea Honoris Causa ad Aldo Poli, https://www.flickr.com/photos/unipavia/16544850163/, retrieved on 2019-04-24 
  151. ^ "Massimo Inguscio – Agricultura e diritto al cibo" (in الإيطالية). Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  152. ^ "TEATRO: LAUREA HONORIS CAUSA IN LETTERE A MONI OVADIA". Ticinonline (in الإيطالية). 2007-10-11. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  153. ^ Pavia, Università di (2007-10-22), Laurea Honoris Causa a Moni Ovadia, https://www.flickr.com/photos/unipavia/16535421663/, retrieved on 2019-04-24 
  154. ^ "Academy of Europe: CV". www.ae-info.org. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  155. ^ "Manuel Cardona CV" (PDF).
  156. ^ "Barbara Casadei's CV" (PDF).
  157. ^ "Collegio Nuovo - Fondazione Sandra e Enea Mattei". colnuovo.unipv.it. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  158. ^ "LinkedIn CV".
  159. ^ "AHA Journals". doi:10.1161/circulationaha.108.191138. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  160. ^ Turowski, Janusz; Turowski, Marek (2017-12-19). Engineering Electrodynamics: Electric Machine, Transformer, and Power Equipment Design. CRC Press. ISBN 9781351831604.
  161. ^ "Bio Janusz Turowski, Author, Engineering Electrodynamics". www.crcpress.com. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  162. ^ "John Simon Guggenheim Foundation | Martin M. Block". Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  163. ^ "In Memory of Martin M. Block". www.aps.org. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  164. ^ Pavia, Università di (2016-12-07). "Consegna della medaglia teresiana al prof. Lissoni cerimonia d'inaugurazione corsi di #dottorato di #ricerca #unipvpic.twitter.com/rJpWWI618N". @unipv (in الإيطالية). Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  165. ^ "CV, Francesco Lissoni" (PDF).
  166. ^ Europe, E. R. C. (2017-05-24). "Congratulations! 2016 #NobelPrize and ERC grantee Ben Feringa awarded with the Medaglia teresiana by @unipv rector #ERC10yrshttps://twitter.com/unipv/status/867357071259439106 ..." @ERC_Research. Retrieved 2019-04-24. {{cite web}}: External link in |title= (help)
  167. ^ Telepavia On Demand (2016-03-07), Samantha Cristoforetti riceve la Medaglia Teresiana dell'Università di Pavia, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HELjsFfpQAs, retrieved on 2019-04-24 
  168. ^ Pavia, Università di (2017-11-09), Laurea honoris causa a Samantha Cristoforetti, https://www.flickr.com/photos/unipavia/38274905652/, retrieved on 2019-04-24 
  169. ^ "Get to Know". www.iapr.org. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  170. ^ "Capobianco, da Pavia alla Silicon Valley - Corriere della Sera". www.corriere.it. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  171. ^ "La Provincia Pavese".
  172. ^ "Renato Balduzzi - Itinerario di ricerca e formazioni all'impegno sociale e politico". www.itinerariosociopolitico.it. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  173. ^ "Beppe Severgnini – Pavia Archivi Digitali" (in الإيطالية). Retrieved 2019-04-20.
  174. ^ "Biografia". Beppe Severgnini (in الإيطالية). Retrieved 2019-04-20.
  175. ^ Pavia, Università di (2018-11-23). "Il Rettore #unipv #FabioRugge consegna al dott. #EliotForster gli omaggi e la medaglia teresiana inaugurazione #dottorati #ricerca #unipv 2018/2019pic.twitter.com/n1pSZMsfnT". @i (in الإيطالية). Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  176. ^ "Andrea Cavalleri is elected member of the European Academy of Sciences". www.cfel.de (in الإنجليزية). 2018. Retrieved 2023-04-09.
  177. ^ "news.unipv – 20 ottobre – Storie di Scienza, Cellule e Libertà". news.unipv (in الإيطالية). Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  178. ^ MARZIANI, MANUELA (2017-11-13). "Grasso a Pavia: "Ragazzi, dal vostro impegno dipende il cambiamento dell'Italia"". Il Giorno (in الإيطالية). Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  179. ^ أ ب "FILOSOFIA: PER LE GOFF E MAROTTA LAUREE ONORARIE A PAVIA". www1.adnkronos.com. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  180. ^ "Ruggeri assessore regionale al Welfare. Sostituisce il cognato deceduto". TagPress.it (in الإيطالية). 2017-12-29. Retrieved 2019-04-24.

External links


تمّ الاسترجاع من "https://www.marefa.org/w/index.php?title=جامعة_بافيا&oldid=4052754"