تويوتا كامري

Toyota Camry
2018 Toyota Camry (ASV70R) Ascent sedan (2018-08-27) 01.jpg
2018 Toyota Camry Ascent (ASV70R, Australia)
Overview
المُصنعToyota
تسمى أيضاً
  • Daihatsu Altis (Japan, 2000–present)
  • Toyota Vista (Japan, 1982–1998)
  • Toyota Scepter (Japan, 1992–1996)
  • Toyota Vienta (Australia, 1995–2000)
  • Toyota Aurion (Australia, 2006–2017)
  • Holden Apollo (Australia, 1989–1996)
الانتاجMarch 1982 – present
الجسم والشاسيه
الفئة
الشكل الخارجي
تأريخ
سبقها

كامري (تعنى التاج باليابانية) وهي سيارة عائلية متوسطة الحجم من إنتاج شركة تويوتا للسيارات اليابانية بدأت تويوتا بإنتاجها منذ عام 1980 و من مثيلاتها تويوتا كروان والتي أنتجت عام 1950 ثم تتبعها كورولا وكورونا والتي تعني باللاتينية التاج أيضا.

ولقد تم إنتاج النسخة الرياضية منها وهي كامري كوبيه من 1994 وحتى 1997 ثم تغير اسمها إلى سولارا عام 1999.

ولقد كانت الولايات المتحدة في مقدمة الدول التي تم تسويق هذه السيارة فيها على مستوى العالم على مدار 9 سنوات منذ عام 1997 باستثناء عام 2001.

أيضاً فإن كامري تبيع جيداً جداً في أستراليا وكندا وعدد من الأسواق الآسيويه - وخاصة في كمبوديا ورغم ما حققته من نجاح إلا أنها لا تأخذ مكانة عالية في أوروبا واليابان والسبب إنتقاد العديد تصميمها على أنها غير ملائمة للأذواق الأوروبية واليابانية، ولها مكانة عالية في الأسواق العربية وخاصة في السعودية.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

خط زمني


شاسيه ضيق

سليكا كامري (A40/A50; 1979–1982)

Celica Camry (A40/A50)
Тойота Celica Camry седан Япония спецификации.jpg
Celica Camry XT Super Edition (Japan)
Toyota Celica Camry (Japan)


V10 (1982–1986)

V10
1st Toyota Camry.jpg
Camry DX sedan (US; facelift)
Overview
تسمى أيضاًToyota Vista
الانتاجMarch 1982 – August 1986
سنة  الطراز1983–1986
التجميعJapan: Toyota, Aichi (Tsutsumi plant)
الجسم والشاسيه
نمط  الجسم
الشكل الخارجيTransverse front-engine, front-wheel-drive
Powertrain
المحرك
النقل
  • 5-speed manual
  • 4-speed automatic
الأبعاد
قاعدة العجلات2,600 mm (102.4 in)
الطول
  • 4,400–4,435 mm (173.2–174.6 in) (sedan)
  • 4,435 mm (174.6 in) (liftback)
العرض1,690 mm (66.5 in)
الارتفاع
  • 1,395 mm (54.9 in) (sedan)
  • 1,370 mm (53.9 in) (liftback)
Curb weight990–1,130 kg (2,180–2,490 lb)


Camry ZX sedan (Japan; pre-facelift)
Camry ZX sedan (Japan; pre-facelift)
Camry GLi liftback (Australia; pre-facelift)
Camry GLi liftback (Australia; pre-facelift)
Vista liftback (Japan; facelift)
Vista VF-II sedan (Japan; facelift)
Camry LE liftback (US; facelift)


Powertrains (V10)
Model Fuel Engine Power Torque Transmission
SV10 Gasoline 1.8 L I4 (1S-L, 1S-LU) 74 kW (100 PS) (JP; 1S-LU) 152 N⋅m (112 lb⋅ft) (JP; 1S-LU) 5-speed manual (S51)
4-speed automatic (A140E)
1.8 L I4 (1S-iLU) 63 kW (85 PS) (JP) 142 N⋅m (105 lb⋅ft) (JP)
SV11 2.0 L I4 (2S-EL, 2S-ELC, 2S-ELU) 88 kW (120 PS) (JP: 2S-ELU)
77 kW (103 hp) (AU; 2S-EL)
69 kW (92 hp) (NA; 2S-ELC)
173 N⋅m (128 lb⋅ft) (JP; 2S-ELU)
162 N⋅m (119 lb⋅ft) (AU; 2S-EL)
160 N⋅m (118 lb⋅ft) (NA; 2S-ELC)
SV12 2.0 L I4 (3S-GELU) 103 or 118 kW (140 or 160 PS) (JP) 172 or 186 N⋅m (127 or 137 lb⋅ft) (JP)
CV10 Diesel 1.8 L I4-T (1C-TL, 1C-TLC) 59 kW (80 PS) (JP; 1C-TL)
54 kW (73 hp) (NA: 1C-TLC)
145 N⋅m (107 lb⋅ft) (JP; 1C-TL)
145 N⋅m (107 lb⋅ft) (NA; 1C-TLC)
5-speed manual (S50)
4-speed automatic (A140L)
CV11 2.0 L I4-T (2C-TL, 2C-TLC) 65 kW (88 PS) (JP; 2C-TL)
59 kW (79 hp) (NA; 2C-TLC)
177 N⋅m (131 lb⋅ft) (JP, 2C-TL)

V20 (1986–1992)

V20
1987-1990 Toyota Camry LE sedan 01.jpg
Camry LE sedan (Canada; pre-facelift)
Overview
تسمى أيضاً
الانتاج
  • August 1986 – August 1991 (Japan)
  • February 1987 – November 1992 (Australia)
  • May 1988 – August 1991 (US)
التجميع
المصممSeiichi Yamauchi (1984)
الجسم والشاسيه
نمط  الجسم
الشكل الخارجي
Powertrain
المحرك
النقل
  • 5-speed manual
  • 4-speed automatic
الأبعاد
قاعدة العجلات2,600 mm (102.4 in)
الطول
  • 4,500–4,520 mm (177.2–178.0 in) (sedan)
  • 4,525 mm (178.1 in) (wagon)
العرض1,695 mm (66.7 in)
الارتفاع
  • 1,385–1,395 mm (54.5–54.9 in) (sedan)
  • 1,440 mm (56.7 in) (wagon)
Curb weight1,080–1,295 kg (2,381–2,855 lb)


Camry Prominent hardtop (Japan)
Camry ZX sedan (Japan; pre-facelift)
Camry CS sedan (Australia; pre-facelift)
Camry LE V6 sedan (US; pre-facelift)
Camry LE V6 sedan (US; facelift)
Lexus ES 250 (US; facelift)
Camry Spirit wagon (Australia; first facelift)
Camry Ultima sedan (Australia; second facelift)


Holden Apollo (JK, JL)
Holden Apollo (JK) SLE sedan
Holden Apollo (JL) SLX sedan
Holden Apollo (JK) SL sedan
Holden Apollo (JL) GS sedan


Powertrains (V20)
Model Drive Fuel Engine Power Torque Transmission
SV20 FWD Gasoline 1.8 L I4 (1S-i) 63 kW (85 PS) (JP)
64 kW (86 hp) (AU)
142 N⋅m (105 lb⋅ft) (JP)
145 N⋅m (107 lb⋅ft) (AU)
5-speed manual
4-speed automatic (A140E)
SV22 1.8 L I4 (4S-Fi) 77 kW (105 PS) (JP) 149 N⋅m (110 lb⋅ft) (JP) 5-speed manual
4-speed automatic (A140E)
2.0 L I4 (3S-FC) 82 kW (110 hp) (AU) 166 N⋅m (122 lb⋅ft) (AU) 5-speed manual
4-speed automatic (A140E)
SV21 2.0 L I4 (3S-GE) 103 kW (140 PS) (JP) 172 N⋅m (127 lb⋅ft) (JP) 5-speed manual
4-speed automatic (A140E)
2.0 L I4 (3S-FE) 88 kW (120 PS) (JP)
88 kW (118 hp) (AU)
86 kW (115 hp) (NA)
169 N⋅m (125 lb⋅ft) (JP)
171 N⋅m (126 lb⋅ft) (AU)
5-speed manual (S51, S53)
4-speed automatic (A140E)
SV25 4WD 5-speed manual (E56F5)
4-speed automatic (A540H)
VZV20 FWD 2.0 L V6 (1VZ-FE) 103 kW (140 PS) (JP) 174 N⋅m (128 lb⋅ft) (JP) 5-speed manual (E53)
4-speed automatic (A540E)
VZV21 2.5 L V6 (2VZ-FE) 117 kW (157 hp) (AU)
114 kW (153 hp) (NA)
215 N⋅m (159 lb⋅ft) (AU) 5-speed manual (E52)
4-speed automatic (A540E)
CV20 Diesel 2.0 L I4-T (2C-T) 60 kW (82 PS) (JP) 177 N⋅m (131 lb⋅ft) (JP) 5-speed manual (S50)
4-speed automatic (A140L)


. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

V30 (1990–1994)

V30
1990 Toyota Camry (Japanese spec) 01 (cropped).jpg
Overview
تسمى أيضاًToyota Vista
الانتاجJuly 1990 – June 1994
التجميعJapan: Toyota, Aichi (Tsutsumi plant)
المصممOsamu Shikado (1988)[2]
الجسم والشاسيه
نمط  الجسم
الشكل الخارجي
متعلقة
Powertrain
المحرك
النقل
  • 5-speed manual
  • 4-speed automatic
الأبعاد
قاعدة العجلات2,600 mm (102.4 in)
الطول
  • 4,600 mm (181.1 in) (sedan)
  • 4,630–4,670 mm (182.3–183.9 in) (hardtop)
العرض1,695 mm (66.7 in)
الارتفاع
  • 1,395 mm (54.9 in) (sedan)
  • 1,380 mm (54.3 in) (hardtop)
Curb weight1,180–1,360 kg (2,600–3,000 lb)


V40 (1994–1998)

V40
Toyota Camry 1996.jpg
Overview
تسمى أيضاًToyota Vista (V40)
الانتاج1994–1998 (JDM)
التجميعJapan: Toyota, Aichi (Tsutsumi plant)
الجسم والشاسيه
نمط  الجسم
الشكل الخارجي
Powertrain
المحرك
الأبعاد
قاعدة العجلات2,650 mm (104.3 in)
الطول4,625 mm (182.1 in)
العرض1,695 mm (66.7 in)
الارتفاع1,410–1,435 mm (55.5–56.5 in)


V50 (1998–2003)

V50 (Vista)
Toyota Vista V50.jpg
Overview
الانتاج1998–2003
التجميعJapan: Toyota, Aichi (Tsutsumi plant)
الجسم والشاسيه
نمط  الجسم
الشكل الخارجي
المنصةToyota MC platform
Powertrain
المحرك
  • 1.8 L I4
  • 2.0 L I4
الأبعاد
قاعدة العجلات2,700 mm (110 in)
الطول4,670 mm (184 in)
العرض1,695 mm (66.7 in)
الارتفاع1,505–1,515 mm (59.3–59.6 in)
Curb weight1,310 kg (2,890 lb)
تأريخ
تبعهاToyota Avensis (T250)


Wide-body

XV10 (1991–1996)

XV10
1994-1995 Toyota Camry (SDV10) CSX sedan (2011-06-15) 01.jpg
Pre-facelift Camry sedan (Australia)
Overview
تسمى أيضاً
الانتاج
  • 1991–1996
  • 1992–1997 (Australia)
سنة  الطراز1992–1996
المصممOsamu Shikado (1988)
الجسم والشاسيه
نمط  الجسم


XV20 (1996–2002)

XV20
1997-1999 Toyota Camry.jpg
Pre-facelift Toyota Camry sedan
Overview
تسمى أيضاً
  • Daihatsu Altis (Japan)
  • Toyota Vienta
الانتاج
  • 1996–2001
  • 1997–2002 (Australia)
سنة  الطراز1997–2001
الجسم والشاسيه
نمط  الجسم
Powertrain
المحرك


. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

XV30 (2001–2006)

XV30
2002-2004 Toyota Camry (ACV36R) Altise sedan 09.jpg
Pre-facelift Camry (regular)
Overview
تسمى أيضاًDaihatsu Altis (Japan)
الانتاج
  • 2001–2006
  • 2002–2006 (Australia)
سنة  الطراز2002–2006
الجسم والشاسيه
نمط  الجسم4-door sedan
المنصة


Prestige

Compared to the international version with a less conservative design (styled by Hiroyuki Metsugi, approved 1999), the Asian "prestige" Camry had a different distinctive design with more chrome, larger head lamps and tail lamps and a general greater emphasis on its width.

XV40 (2006–2013)

XV40
2009 Toyota Camry (ACV40R) Ateva sedan (2015-05-29) 01 (cropped).jpg
Pre-facelift Camry (regular)
Overview
تسمى أيضاًDaihatsu Altis (Japan)
الانتاج
  • 2006–2011 (regular)
  • 2006–2013 (prestige)
سنة  الطراز2007–2011 (N.America)
الجسم والشاسيه
نمط  الجسم4-door sedan
المنصةToyota K platform
متعلقةToyota Aurion (XV40)
Regular


Prestige


XV50 (2011–2019)

XV50
Toyota Camry -- Cockspur Island (GA) July 2012.jpg
Pre-facelift Camry (regular)
Overview
تسمى أيضاًDaihatsu Altis (Japan)
الانتاج
  • August 2011 – October 2017 (regular)
  • August 2011 – March 2019 (prestige)
سنة  الطراز2012–2017
الجسم والشاسيه
نمط  الجسم4-door sedan
المنصةToyota K platform


XV70 (2017–present)

XV70
2019 Toyota Camry LE in white, front left.jpg
2019 Toyota Camry LE (United States)
Overview
تسمى أيضاًDaihatsu Altis (Japan)[3]
الانتاج
  • June 2017 – present (Japan, United States)[4]
  • December 2017 – present (China)
  • April 2018 – present (Russia)
  • October 2018 – present (Thailand)
سنة  الطراز2018–present
التجميع
المصممIan Cartabiano (Concept leader, Exterior SE/XSE, US-Specification: 2014, 2015)[5]
Shin Okahara (regular exterior: 2014)
Ken Kubota (Project chief designer)
Toshimitsu Araki (interior design: 2014)
Chinatsu Kato (colors & trim: 2015–16)
الجسم والشاسيه
نمط  الجسم4-door sedan
المنصةTNGA: GA-K[6]
Powertrain
المحرك
  • 2.0 L 6AR-FSE I4 (China, 2017–18; Russia, Myanmar, Vietnam, Cambodia, Kazakhstan)
  • 2.0 L M20A-FKS I4 (petrol) I4 (China, 2019–present)
  • 2.0 L 6AR-FBS I4 (Thailand and Singapore)
  • 2.5 L 2AR-FE I4 (East Europe, Middle East, Australia, Malaysia, Vietnam, the Philippines, Indonesia, Singapore and Brunei)
  • 2.5 L A25A-FKS I4
  • 2.5 L A25A-FKB I4 (Thailand)
  • 3.5 L 2GR-FKS V6
  • 2.5 L A25A-FXS I4 (hybrid)[7][8]
النقل
الأبعاد
قاعدة العجلات2,820 mm (111.2 in)
الطول4,880 mm (192.1 in)
العرض1,840 mm (72.4 in)
الارتفاع1,450 mm (56.9 in)



Country 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
US 52,651 93,725 128,143 151,767 186,623 225,322 255,252
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
US 283,042 262,531 284,751 297,836 319,718 326,632 357,359 394,397 427,308 445,696
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Canada 15,524[9]
US 422,961[10] 388,512 434,145[11] 413,296 426,990[12] 431,703 448,445[13] 473,108 436,617[14] 356,824[15]
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Australia 25,014[16] 19,169[16] 27,230[17] 24,860[18] 22,044[19] 27,654 26,485 23,620
Canada 12,251 12,334[20] 14,765[21] 15,113[22] 16,805[23] 15,683[23] 14,574[24] 14,588[24]
Thailand 6,847[25] 8,087[26] 5,909 [27] 4,505 [28] 4,589[بحاجة لمصدر]
US 327,804[29] 308,510[30] 404,886[31] 408,484[32] 428,606[33] 429,355[34] 388,618 [35] 387,081 [36] 343,439[37] 336,978[38]

Hybrid sales

Camry Hybrid
Calendar
Year
US
2006 31,341[39]
2007 54,477[39]
2008 46,272[39]
2009 22,887[39]
2010 14,587[39]
2011 9,241[39]
2012 45,656[39]
2013 44,448[39]
2014 39,515[39]
2015 30,640[39]
2016 22,227[39]
2017 20,985[39]
2018 22,914[38]
2019 26,043[38]

References

  1. ^ Dorian, Drew (13 November 2019). "2020 Toyota Camry, 2021 Toyota Avalon Adding All-Wheel Drive". Car and Driver. Retrieved 13 November 2019.
  2. ^ Levin, Doron. "Too American For Its Own Good?". New York Times. The New York Times Company. Retrieved 21 October 2016.
  3. ^ Guntara, Aswin (11 July 2017). "Bukan Corolla, Daihatsu Altis Hadir Untuk Segmen Sedan Mewah" [Not a Corolla, the Daihatsu Altis joins the luxury sedan segment]. Autonetmagz.com (in Indonesian). Jakarta. Retrieved 21 July 2017.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  4. ^ Iliff, Laurence (28 June 2017). "Toyota's Kentucky plant launches 2018 Camry". Automotive News. US. Retrieved 30 June 2017.
  5. ^ Gale, Tom (11 January 2017). "2018 Toyota Camry Design Analysis: Camry Carrozzeria". Motor Trend. US. Retrieved 23 January 2017.
  6. ^ Corcoran, T. Arthur (2017-01-24). "All-New 2018 Toyota Camry: What You Need to Know". U.S. News & World Report. United States. Retrieved 2018-04-01.
  7. ^ "Toyota Unveils Completely Redesigned Camry" (Press release). Japan: Toyota. 10 July 2017. Retrieved 5 October 2017.
  8. ^ أ ب Quincy, Mike (9 January 2017). "All-New 2018 Toyota Camry Gains Styling Flair and Technology". Consumer Reports. US. Retrieved 23 January 2017.
  9. ^ "Strada: Canadian Sales in 2009". Canadian Sales in 2009. 25 January 2010. Archived from the original on 7 May 2010. Retrieved 9 December 2010.
  10. ^ "Toyota Sets Sales Record for Sixth Year in a Row". The Auto Channel. 3 January 2002. Retrieved 9 December 2010.
  11. ^ "Toyota Announces Best Sales Year in Its 46-Year History, Breaks Sales Record for Eighth Year in a Row". The Auto Channel. 5 January 2004. Retrieved 9 December 2010.
  12. ^ "Toyota Reports 2005 and December Sales". The Auto Channel. 4 January 2006. Retrieved 9 January 2010.
  13. ^ "Toyota Reports 2007 and December Sales". The Auto Channel. 3 January 2008. Retrieved 9 December 2010.
  14. ^ "Toyota Reports 2008 and December Sales". The Auto Channel. 5 January 2009. Retrieved 9 December 2010.
  15. ^ "Toyota Reports December 2009 and Year 2009 Sales". Theautochannel.com. 5 January 2010. Retrieved 5 April 2010.
  16. ^ أ ب Gover, Paul (6 January 2012). "Car sales top million again for 2011". GoAuto. John Mellor. Retrieved 6 January 2012.
  17. ^ "Toyota drives industry to record sales" (Press release). Australia: Toyota. 4 January 2014. Retrieved 10 January 2014.
  18. ^ "Press Kit Details" (Press release). Australia: Toyota. 6 January 2014. Retrieved 10 January 2014.
  19. ^ O'Kane, Tony. "Toyota Camry Review 2015: Australia's Best-selling Midsizer Much Improved". The Motor Report. Retrieved 13 September 2015.
  20. ^ "Toyota brand finishes 2011 with six straight months of market share growth" (Press release). Canada: Toyota. 4 January 2012. Retrieved 10 January 2012.
  21. ^ "Annual records for hybrid and truck sales power Toyota Canada Inc. to 18.4% year-over-year increase" (Press release). Canada: Toyota. 3 January 2014. Retrieved 10 January 2014.
  22. ^ "Best-ever year for Lexus helps Toyota Canada Inc. increase sales by 1.7% in 2013" (Press release). Canada: Toyota. 3 January 2014. Retrieved 10 January 2014.
  23. ^ أ ب "Record Hybrid Sales Lead 4.2% Overall Sales Growth for Toyota Canada Inc. in 2016" (Press release). Canada: Toyota. 4 January 2017.
  24. ^ أ ب "Toyota Canada Inc. Records Best Year Ever with 231,646 Vehicles Sold in 2018" (Press release). Toronto, Ontario: Toyota Canada Inc. 2018-01-03. Retrieved 2018-01-08.
  25. ^ "Thailand cars sales report 2014". HeadlightMag.com (in Thai). Thailand. Retrieved 24 October 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  26. ^ "Thailand cars sales report 2015". HeadlightMag.com (in Thai). Thailand. Retrieved 24 October 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  27. ^ "Thailand cars sales report 2016". HeadlightMag.com (in Thai). Thailand. Retrieved 24 October 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  28. ^ "Thailand cars sales report 2017". HeadlightMag.com (in Thai). Thailand. Retrieved 24 October 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  29. ^ "Toyota Reports 2010 and December Sales" (PDF). The Truth About Cars. 4 January 2010. Retrieved 8 January 2011.
  30. ^ "December 2011 Sales Chart" (Press release). USA: Toyota. 4 January 2012. Archived from the original on 27 June 2013. Retrieved 10 January 2012.
  31. ^ "December 2012 and Year-End Sales Chart" (Press release). USA: Toyota. 3 January 2013. Archived from the original on 6 January 2013. Retrieved 18 August 2013.
  32. ^ "December 2013 and Year-End Sales Chart" (Press release). USA: Toyota. 3 January 2014. Archived from the original on 8 January 2014. Retrieved 9 January 2014.
  33. ^ "December 2014 and Year-End Sales Chart" (Press release). USA: Toyota. 5 January 2015. Archived from the original on 7 January 2015. Retrieved 6 January 2015.
  34. ^ "December 2015 and Year-End Sales Chart" (Press release). USA: Toyota. 5 January 2016. Archived from the original on 18 January 2016. Retrieved 18 January 2016.
  35. ^ "December 2016 and Year-End Sales Chart" (Press release). USA: Toyota. 5 January 2017. Retrieved 5 January 2017.
  36. ^ "Toyota Camry US car sales figures". CarSalesBase. The Netherlands. Retrieved 10 February 2018.
  37. ^ "December 2018 Sales Chart" (Press release). USA: Toyota. 3 January 2019. Archived from the original on 6 January 2019. Retrieved 5 January 2019.
  38. ^ أ ب ت "Toyota Motor North America Reports December 2019, Year-End Sales" (Press release). Plano, Texas: Toyota Motor Sales, USA. 2020-01-03. Archived from the original on 3 January 2020. Retrieved 2019-01-07.
  39. ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح خ د ذ ر ز س "U.S. HEV Sales by Model". US: Alternative Fuels Data Center. Retrieved 13 January 2018.

Bibliography

وصلات خارجية

قالب:Toyota road cars timeline, 1985-date قالب:Toyota timeline (North America) 1980–2009