تضخم الأطراف

تضخم الأطراف
Acromegaly
تصنيفات ومصادر خارجية

Facial aspect of a patient with acromegaly. The nose is widened and thickened, the cheekbones are obvious, the forehead bulges, the lips are thick and the facial lines are marked. The forehead and overlying skin is thickened, which may lead to frontal bossing (an unusually prominent forehead sometimes with a heavy brow ridge).
ICD-10	E22.0
ICD-9	253.0
OMIM	102200
DiseasesDB	114
MedlinePlus	000321
eMedicine	med/27  derm/593
MeSH	D000172

As compared with the hand of a typical person (left), the hand of a patient with acromegaly (يسار) is enlarged, the fingers are widened, thickened and stubby, and the soft tissue is thickened.

Mandibular overgrowth leads to prognathism, maxillary widening, teeth separation and jaw malocclusion.

Photo of teeth showing classic teeth gapping due to acromegaly on lower jaw.

تضخم الأطراف Acromegaly هى حالة ينَتجُ عنها تمدد في عظام الوجه والقدمين واليدين. ومعظم حالات تضخم الأَطراف يُسبِّبها تورم الغدَّة النُّخاميَّة، وتحدث عند الأَشخاص ذوي الطول الطبيعي.

وإذا بدأ العلاج خلال فترة الطفولة يُمكن السَّيطرة على العملاقيَّة بزيادة نشاط الغدة النُّخاميَّة عن طريق العلاج بالإشْعاع. وفي بعض الحالات تزال أورام الغدَّة عن طريق الجراحة. وبإِمكان الجرَّاح أن يصل إلى الورم من خلال التجويف الأنفي، قاطعًا خلال قاع الجمجمة ليصل إِلى الغدَّة النُّخاميَّة. ولاتبدو على المريض أي آثار ندبات بعد إِجراء العملية.

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 التشخيص

Frequent blood sampling with serum GH measurement shows that in normal subjects (left panel) GH can fluctuate between undetectable levels (most of the time) and peaks of up to 30 μg/l (90 mIU/l), owing to the episodic nature of GH secretion, while in patients with acromegaly (an example is given on right panel), GH hypersecretion is continuous and GH never returns to undetectable levels.

Magnetic resonance image of a pituitary macroadenoma that caused acromegaly with compression of the optic chiasm.

Site of action of the different therapeutic tools in acromegaly. Surgery, radiotherapy, somatostatin analogues and dopamine agonists act at the level of the pituitary adenoma, while GH-receptor antagonists act in periphery by blocking the growth hormone receptor and thus impairing the effects of GH on the different tissues.

 انظر أيضا

• عملقة Gigantism

 المصادر

• الموسوعة المعرفية الشاملة
• Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Information Service

 وصلات خارجية

• AcromegalyAnswersWebinar.com A valuable webinar series that teaches you what you need to know about acromegaly, its impact, and available treatment options
• AcromegalyAnswersBlog.com A place to learn more about acromegaly, read others’ perspectives, receive helpful hints, and share your thoughts
• www.AcromegalyCommunity.com Emotional and communal support for those touched by Acromegaly
• acromegaly.org A satellite site of the Pituitary Network Association
• Acromegaly and Gigantism (a very comprehensive article)
• Acromegaly and Gigantism (Image of a patient with macroglossia - enlargement of the tongue)
• Patient community for acromegaly