تاكلوبان

مدينة تاكلوبان Tacloban City [Syudad han Tacloban] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) [Lungsod ng Tacloban] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help)
Highly urbanized City
خريطة ليته موضح عليها تاكلوبان.
مدينة تاكلوبان Tacloban City Location within the Philippines
الإحداثيات: 11°15′N 125°00′E
البلد	الفلپين
المنطقة	بيسايا الشرقية (المنطقة الثامنة)
المقاطعة	ليته (جغرافياً فقط)
الدائرة	مقاطعة 1 في ليته
تأسسات	ح. 1770
عاصمة المقاطعة	16 فبراير 1830
مدينة	12 يونيو 1953
Highly urbanized city	18 ديسمبر 2008
Barangays	138 (see § Barangays)
الحكومة
• النوع	Strong mayor-council
• العمدة	Alfred S.Romualdez nephew of Madame Imelda R. Marcos
• نائب العمدة	Jerry T.Yaokasin
المساحة
• الإجمالي	201٫72 كم² (77٫88 ميل²)
أعلى منسوب	21 m (69 ft)
أوطى منسوب	2 m (7 ft)
التعداد  (2010)
• الإجمالي	221٬174
• الكثافة	1٬100/km2 (2٬800/sq mi)
صفة المواطن	Taclobanon
منطقة التوقيت	UTC+8 (PST)
ZIP code	6500
IDD/Area code	+63 (0)53
الموقع الإلكتروني	tacloban.gov.ph

تاكولوبان Tacloban (بالإنگليزية: /təkˈloʊbɒn/ tək-LOH-bahn؛ Waray-Waray وبالتگالوگ: [tɐkˈloban])، رسمياً مدينة تاكلوبان (واراي-واراي: [Syudad han Tacloban] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help)، بالتاگالوگ: Lungsod ng Tacloban)، هي عاصمة مقاطعة ليته، الفلپين. تعق على بعد حوالي 360 miles (580 km) جنوب شرق مانيلا. وكانت أول مدينة في "متطورة العمران" في المنطقة الثامنة وأكبر مدينة من حيث عدد السكان في بيسايا الشرقية. وهي كذلك مركز محلي في بيسايا الشرقية، والبوابة الرئيسية من الجو في المنطقة. كانت تاكولبان عاصمة الفلپين لفترة قصيرة، من 20 أكتوبر 1944 حتى 27 فبراير 1945.

في دراسة استقصائية موسعة أجراها مركز السياسات في المعهد الآسيوي للادارة ونشرت في يوليو 2010÷، كان ترتيب تاكلوبان الأولى بين عشر مدن متنافسة في الفلپين. وكانت الخامسة في التصنيف الإجمالي، والثانية في تصنيف المدن الناشئة.

في 8 نوفمبر 2013، تضررت المدينة بشدة من إعصار هاي‌يان.

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 التاريخ

Street performers carrying taklub on their backs (Tacloban takes its name from the taklub, a bamboo fish-catching contraption).

Aerial view of Tacloban, 1931

Tacloban was first known as Kankabatok, an allusion to the first inhabitants – Kabatok. They established their dwellings in the vicinity of the present day Santo Niño Church. Others who came later were Gumoda, Haraging and Huraw who erected their own settlements in nearby sites. Huraw's domain is the hill where the city hall now sits. The combined settlements acquired the name Kankabatok, meaning "property of Kabatok's".

The constant threat of pirates due to its lack of a natural barrier hindered the development and progress of the settlement. And so the place never figured out in the early centuries of the Spanish colonization of Leyte. When the Jesuits (the first evangelizers of Leyte) left in 1768, the Augustinians took over and in 1770 they established the barrio with a chapel (visita) of Tacloban under the jurisdiction of Palo.

The Augustinians who came from the Province of the Holy Name of Jesus based in Cebu were also responsible in introducing the devotion to the Santo Niño becoming therefore the heavenly patron of the settlement. With the Moro raids in check, the place became a hub for commercial activity and soon after the place was renamed Tacloban becoming an independent municipality and then capital of the province of Leyte. In 1843, the Augustinians ceded the administration of the parish to the Franciscans.

The change of the name came about in this manner: Kankabatok was a favorite haunt of fishermen. They would use a bamboo contraption called a "taklub" to catch crabs, shrimps or fish. When asked where they were going, the fishermen would answer, "(to) tarakluban", which meant the place where they used the device to catch these marine resources. Eventually, the name Tarakluban or Tacloban took prominence.

It is not known when Tacloban became a municipality because records supporting this fact were destroyed during a typhoon. It is commonly believed that Tacloban was officially proclaimed a municipality in 1770s. In 1768, Leyte and Samar were separated into two provinces, each constituting a politico-military province. Due to its strategic location, Tacloban became a vital trading point between the two provinces.

The capital of Leyte was transferred from one town to another with Tacloban as the last on February 26, 1830. The decision to make Tacloban the capital was based on the following reasons: 1) ideal location of the port and 2) well-sheltered and adequate facilities. On June 20, 1952, Tacloban was proclaimed a chartered city by virtue of Republic Act No. 760.

Madonna Maria Kanon, a peace commemoration statue in Kanfuraw Hill

The arrival of Colonel Arthur Murray in 1901 made him the first military governor of Leyte. His first official act was the opening of Tacloban port to world commerce. Before World War II, Tacloban was the commercial, education, social and cultural center of the Province of Leyte. Copra and abaca were exported in large quantities. The leading institutions were: Leyte Normal School, Leyte High School, Leyte Trade School, Holy Infant Academy and Tacloban Catholic Institute.

In November 1912, a typhoon swept through the central Philippines and "practically destroyed" Tacloban. In Tacloban and Capiz on the island of Panay, the death toll was 15,000, half the population of those cities at the time.

On May 25, 1942, Japanese forces landed in Tacloban, signalling the beginning of their two-year occupation of Leyte. They fortified the city and improved its airfield. Since San Pedro Bay was ideal for larger vessels, the Japanese Imperial Naval Forces made Tacloban a port of call and entry. This time was considered the darkest in the history of Tacloban and the country due to the incidencesقالب:Verify spelling of torture among civilians, including the elderly. In response, guerrilla groups operated in Leyte – the most notable of which was the group of Ruperto Kangleon. The Japanese established a "comfort station" in the city, where they kidnapped local girls, teenagers and young adults who they then forced into becoming sex slaves under the gruesome "comfort women" system.

Leyte was the first to be liberated by the combined Filipino and American troops. General Douglas MacArthur's assault troops landed in the Tacloban and Palo beaches (White Beach and Red Beach, respectively) and in the neighboring town of Dulag (Blue Beach) on October 20, 1944. These landings signaled the eventual victory of the Filipino and American forces and the fulfillment of MacArthur's famous promise: "I Shall Return."

Three days later, on October 23, at a ceremony at the Capitol Building in Tacloban, MacArthur, accompanied by President Sergio Osmeña, made Tacloban the temporary seat of the Commonwealth Government and temporary capital of the Philippines until the complete liberation of the country. The provincial government of Leyte and the municipal government of Tacloban were re-established.

تمثال ماك‌أرثر في اوسمينا.

Paulo Jaro was the Liberation mayor of Tacloban. The first mayor of this capital upon inauguration of the Philippine Republic was Epifanio Aguirre.

On January 8, 1960, MacArthur made his "sentimental" journey to Leyte. He was greeted with cheers by locals when he visited Tacloban.

The city was proclaimed as a highly urbanized city by President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo on October 4, 2008 and ratified by the people on December 18, 2008. Tacloban was officially declared an HUC at 10:40PM of that day.

 أضرار وخسائر إعصار هاي‌يان 2013

Debris lines the streets of Tacloban after Typhoon Haiyan hit the city.

•  مقالة مفصلة: إعصار هاي‌يان

On November 8, 2013 (PST), Tacloban was hit by the full force of Typhoon Haiyan, causing massive destruction across the city. Dead bodies were scattered on the streets, trees were uprooted, and a 13 ft (4 m) storm surge largely destroyed the airport, though it functioned soon after as a makeshift command and evacuation center. After taking a helicopter flight over the city, US Marine Brigadier General Paul Kennedy was quoted as saying, "I don't believe there is a single structure that is not destroyed or severely damaged in some way – every single building, every single house." Widespread looting and violence is reported to have taken place and local government virtually collapsed, as many city officials were victims. President Aquino declared a state of emergency in Tacloban. The official final death toll stood at 6,201.

 الزيارة الپاپوية 2015

المقالة الرئيسية: Pope Francis's visit to the Philippines

Pope Francis blesses the crowd after the mass near the Tacloban Airport on January 17, 2015, en route to Palo, Leyte to visit families of Typhoon Yolanda victims.

On January 17, 2015, Pope Francis, the leader of the Roman Catholic Church, arrived in Tacloban to celebrate Mass with the survivors of Haiyan (Yolanda). The pope arrived at Daniel Z. Romualdez Airport on a flight operated by Philippine Airlines.

 الجغرافيا

 المناخ

Climate data for مدينة تاكلوبان
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	37 (99)	35 (95)	40 (104)	40 (104)	39 (102)	38 (100)	38 (100)	38 (100)	39 (102)	38 (100)	37 (99)	41 (106)	41 (106)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	27 (81)	28 (82)	29 (84)	30 (86)	31 (88)	30 (86)	30 (86)	31 (88)	30 (86)	30 (86)	29 (84)	28 (82)	29 (85)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	23 (73)	23 (73)	23 (73)	25 (77)	25 (77)	25 (77)	25 (77)	25 (77)	25 (77)	25 (77)	24 (75)	23 (73)	24 (76)
Record low °C (°F)	16 (61)	19 (66)	20 (68)	20 (68)	21 (70)	21 (70)	16 (61)	20 (68)	20 (68)	21 (70)	16 (61)	12 (54)	12 (54)
Average rainfall mm (inches)	281.7 (11.09)	204.1 (8.04)	139.6 (5.50)	118.9 (4.68)	142.4 (5.61)	160.8 (6.33)	167.0 (6.57)	135.5 (5.33)	161.5 (6.36)	197.2 (7.76)	279.0 (10.98)	305.3 (12.02)	2٬293 (90.27)
Average rainy days	20	17	15	14	14	16	16	14	16	19	20	21	202
Average relative humidity (%)	85	84	82	81	82	82	82	81	82	84	86	—	—

 الديموغرافيا

تقديرات سكان تاكلوبان

Year	Pop.	±% p.a.
1990	136٬891	—
1995	167٬310	+4.09%
2000	178٬639	+1.32%
2007	217٬199	+2.83%
2010	221٬174	+0.61%
المصدر المكتب الوطني للاحصاء

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 النقل

Daniel Z. Romualdez Airport exterior

 الحكومة

Kanhuraw - metonym for the city hall or the city government. Also the name of the hill where the city hall building is situated.

 البارانگايات

تنقسم مدينة تاكلوبان إلى 138 بارانگاي (بلدة)، لكل منها حكومته خاصة.

بعض البارانگايات هي ضواحي بأسماء متفرقة. وتشمل:

• Libertad (Barangays 1 & 4)
• Nula-tula (Barangays 3 & 3A)
• El Reposo (Barangays 55 & 56)
• Sagkahan Picas (Barangay 59 & 62B)
• Sagkahan Bliss (Barangay 62)
• Sagkahan Saging (Barangay 62A)
• Sagkahan Mangga (Barangay 63)
• Sagkahan Pleasantville (Barangay 64)
• Sagkahan Mahayahay (Barangay 65)
• Anibong (Barangays 66, 67, and 68)
• PHHC (Barangays 72 Seaside & 73 Mountainside)
• Lower Nulatula (Barangay 74)
• Fatima Village (Barangays 75, 76, 77)
• Marasbaras (Barangays 78, 79, 80, 81, 82)
• San Jose (Barangays 83, 83A, 83C, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90)
• Baybay (Barangay 89A)
• Abucay (Barangay 91)
• Apitong (Barangay 92)
• Bagacay (Barangay 93)
• Tigbao (Barangay 94)
• Caibaan (Barangays 95 & 95A)
• Calanipawan (Barangay 96)
• Cabalawan (Barangay 97)
• Camansinay (Barangay 98)
• Diit (Barangay 99)
• San Roque (Barangay 100)
• New Kawayan (Barangay 101)
• Old Kawayan (Barangay 102)
• Palanog (Barangay 103)
• San Paglaum (Barangay 103A)
• Salvacion (Barangay 104)
• Suhi (Barangay 105)
• Santo Niño (Barangay 106)
• Tagapuro (Barangay 108)
• V&G Subdivision (Barangay 109 & 109A)
• Utap (Barangay 110)

 أشهر المناطق

جسر سان جوانيكو

ضريح سان نينو ومتحف تراثي
يضم ممتلكات فرديناند ماركوس

Price Mansion

كنيسة سان نينو في تاكلوبان

كاپيتول مقاطعة ليته. مبنى الكاپيتول هو مقعد حكومة وكومنولث الفلپين من 23 أكتوبر 1944 حتى 27 فبراير 1945.

Tacloban Metropolitan Arena

 الثقافة

مهرجان پينتادوس في 2008.

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 مدن شقيقة

• فوكوياما، اليابان

 وصلات خارجية

• Official Website of the Provincial Government of Leyte
• Republic Act 760 - An act creating the City of Tacloban