تگالوگ Tagalog

"تگالوگ" redirects here. For other uses, see تگالوگ (توضيح).

تگالوگ Tagalog
Wikang Tagalog
موطنها	الفلپين
العرق	التگالوگ
الناطقون الأصليون	28 مليون (2007) 96% of the Philippines can speak Tagalog (2000)
عائلة اللغات	الأوسترونيزية المالايو-الپولينيزية الفلپين الفلپينية الوسطى تگالوگ Tagalog
الصيغ الفصحى	الفلپينية
اللهجات	Bataan باتانگاس بلاكان لوبانگ مانيلا ماريندوكه Tanay-پايته تياباس بالبال
نظام الكتابة	اللاتينية (تگالوگ/الفلپينية), Filipino Braille تاريخياً باي‌باين
الوضع الرسمي
لغة رسمية في	الفلپين (في صورة الفلپينية)
ينظمها	لجنة اللغة الفلپينية
أكواد اللغات
ISO 639-2	tgl, fil
ISO 639-2	tgl, fil
ISO 639-3	tgl – inclusive code Individual code: fil – الفلپينية
Linguasphere	31-CKA
Predominantly Tagalog-speaking regions in the Philippines. The color-schemes represent the 4 dialect zones of the language: Northern, Central, Southern, and Marinduque. In addition, Tagalog is used as a second language across the entire country.

التگالوگ Tagalog /təˈɡɑːlɒɡ/ (تگالوگ: [tɐˈɡaːloɡ])، هي لغة أوسترونيسية تعتبر اللغة الأولى لدى ربع سكان الفلپين واللغة الثانية لأغلبية سكانها. وهي اللغة الأولى في المنطقة الرابعة (كالابارزون وميماروپا)، ي بولاكان ومترو مانيلا. صيغتها القياسية، تسمى رسمياً الفلپينية، وهي اللغة الوطنية وإحدى لغتين رسميتين في الفلپين، والأخرى هي الإنگليزية.

وهي مرتبطة باللغات الفلپينية الأخرى مثل لغات البيكول، الإليوكانو، والكامپامپانگان، وأكثر بعداً عن اللغات الأوسترونيسية الأخرى مثل الإندونيسية، الهاواية والمالاگاسية.

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 التصنيف

Tagalog is a Northern Philippine language within the Austronesian language family. Being Malayo-Polynesian, it is related to other Austronesian languages, such as Malagasy, Javanese, Indonesian, Malay, Tetum (of Timor), and Yami (of Taiwan). It is closely related to the languages spoken in the Bicol Region and the Visayas islands, such as the Bikol group and the Visayan group, including Waray-Waray, Hiligaynon and Cebuano.

Tagalog differs from its Central Philippine counterparts with its treatment of the Proto-Philippine schwa vowel *ə. In most Bikol and Visayan languages, this sound merged with /u/ and [o]. In Tagalog, it has merged with /i/. For example, Proto-Philippine *dəkət (adhere, stick) is Tagalog dikít and Visayan & Bikol dukót.

Proto-Philippine *r, *j, and *z merged with /d/ but is /l/ between vowels. Proto-Philippine *ŋajan (name) and *hajək (kiss) became Tagalog ngalan and halík. Adjacent to an affix, however, it becomes /r/ instead: bayád (paid) → bayaran (to pay).

Proto-Philippine *R merged with /ɡ/. *tubiR (water) and *zuRuʔ (blood) became Tagalog tubig and dugô.

 التاريخ

المقالة الرئيسية: تگالوگ قديمة

The base consonants and vowels of the Baybayin script, the original writing system of Tagalog

The word Tagalog is possibly derived from the endonym taga-ilog ("river dweller"), composed of tagá- ("native of" or "from") and ilog ("river"), or alternatively, taga-alog deriving from alog ("pool of water in the lowlands"; "rice or vegetable plantation"). Linguists such as David Zorc and Robert Blust speculate that the Tagalogs and other Central Philippine ethno-linguistic groups originated in Northeastern Mindanao or the Eastern Visayas.

Possible words of Old Tagalog origin are attested in the Laguna Copperplate Inscription from the tenth century, which is largely written in Old Malay. The first known complete book to be written in Tagalog is the Doctrina Christiana (Christian Doctrine), printed in 1593. The Doctrina was written in Spanish and two transcriptions of Tagalog; one in the ancient, then-current Baybayin script and the other in an early Spanish attempt at a Latin orthography for the language.

Vocabulario de la lengua tagala, 1794.

Throughout the 333 years of Spanish rule, various grammars and dictionaries were written by Spanish clergymen. In 1610, the Dominican priest Francisco Blancas de San José published the Arte y reglas de la lengua tagala (which was subsequently revised with two editions in 1752 and 1832) in Bataan. In 1613, the Franciscan priest Pedro de San Buenaventura published the first Tagalog dictionary, his Vocabulario de la lengua tagala in Pila, Laguna.

The first substantial dictionary of the Tagalog language was written by the Czech Jesuit missionary Pablo Clain in the beginning of the 18th century. Clain spoke Tagalog and used it actively in several of his books. He prepared the dictionary, which he later passed over to Francisco Jansens and José Hernandez. Further compilation of his substantial work was prepared by P. Juan de Noceda and P. Pedro de Sanlucar and published as Vocabulario de la lengua tagala in Manila in 1754 and then repeatedly reedited, with the last edition being in 2013 in Manila.

Among others, Arte de la lengua tagala y manual tagalog para la administración de los Santos Sacramentos (1850) in addition to early studies of the language.

The indigenous poet Francisco Balagtas (1788–1862) is known as the foremost Tagalog writer, his most notable work being the 19th-century epic Florante at Laura.

 الوضع الرسمي

المقالة الرئيسية: اللغة الفلبينية

Diariong Tagalog (Tagalog Newspaper), the first bilingual newspaper in the Philippines founded in 1882 written in both Tagalog and Spanish.

Tagalog was declared the official language by the first revolutionary constitution in the Philippines, the Constitution of Biak-na-Bato in 1897.

In 1935, the Philippine constitution designated English and Spanish as official languages, but mandated the development and adoption of a common national language based on one of the existing native languages. After study and deliberation, the National Language Institute, a committee composed of seven members who represented various regions in the Philippines, chose Tagalog as the basis for the evolution and adoption of the national language of the Philippines. President Manuel L. Quezon then, on December 30, 1937, proclaimed the selection of the Tagalog language to be used as the basis for the evolution and adoption of the national language of the Philippines. In 1939, President Quezon renamed the proposed Tagalog-based national language as Wikang Pambansâ (national language). Quezon himself was born and raised in Baler, Aurora, which is a native Tagalog-speaking area. Under the Japanese puppet government during World War II, Tagalog as a national language was strongly promoted; the 1943 Constitution specifying: "The government shall take steps toward the development and propagation of Tagalog as the national language."

In 1959, the language was further renamed as "Pilipino". Along with English, the national language has had official status under the 1973 constitution (as "Pilipino") and the present 1987 constitution (as Filipino).

 جدال

The adoption of Tagalog in 1937 as basis for a national language is not without its own controversies. Instead of specifying Tagalog, the national language was designated as Wikang Pambansâ ("National Language") in 1939. Twenty years later, in 1959, it was renamed by then Secretary of Education, José E. Romero, as Pilipino to give it a national rather than ethnic label and connotation. The changing of the name did not, however, result in acceptance among non-Tagalogs, especially Cebuanos who had not accepted the selection.

The national language issue was revived once more during the 1971 Constitutional Convention. The majority of the delegates were even in favor of scrapping the idea of a "national language" altogether. A compromise solution was worked out—a "universalist" approach to the national language, to be called Filipino rather than Pilipino. The 1973 constitution makes no mention of Tagalog. When a new constitution was drawn up in 1987, it named Filipino as the national language. The constitution specified that as the Filipino language evolves, it shall be further developed and enriched on the basis of existing Philippine and other languages. However, more than two decades after the institution of the "universalist" approach, there seems to be little if any difference between Tagalog and Filipino.

Many of the older generation in the Philippines feel that the replacement of English by Tagalog in the popular visual media has had dire economic effects regarding the competitiveness of the Philippines in trade and overseas remittances.

 الاستخدام في التعليم

Upon the issuance of Executive Order No. 134, Tagalog was declared as basis of the National Language. On April 12, 1940, Executive No. 263 was issued ordering the teaching of the national language in all public and private schools in the country.

Article XIV, Section 6 of the 1987 Constitution of the Philippines specifies, in part:

Subject to provisions of law and as the Congress may deem appropriate, the Government shall take steps to initiate and sustain the use of Filipino as a medium of official communication and as language of instruction in the educational system.

Under Section 7, however:

The regional languages are the auxiliary official languages in the regions and shall serve as auxiliary media of instruction therein.

In 2009, the Department of Education promulgated an order institutionalizing a system of mother-tongue based multilingual education ("MLE"), wherein instruction is conducted primarily in a student's mother tongue (one of the various regional Philippine languages) until at least grade three, with additional languages such as Filipino and English being introduced as separate subjects no earlier than grade two. In secondary school, Filipino and English become the primary languages of instruction, with the learner's first language taking on an auxiliary role. After pilot tests in selected schools, the MLE program was implemented nationwide from School Year (SY) 2012–2013.

Tagalog is the first language of a quarter of the population of the Philippines (particularly in Central and Southern Luzon) and the second language for the majority.

 التصنيف

 اللهجات

مانيلا تگالوگ	ماريندوكوينو تگالوگ	اللعربية
Súsúlat sina Maria at Esperanza kay Juan.	Másúlat da Maria at Esperanza kay Juan.	"ماريا وإسپرنانزا سيكتبون لجون."
Mag-aaral siya sa Maynila.	Gaaral siya sa Maynila.	"[هو/سي سيدرسون في مانيلا."
Magluto ka na!	Pagluto!	"طهي بالفعل!"
Kainin mó iyan.	Kaina yaan.	"كُل هذا."
Tinatawag tayó ni Tatay.	Inatawag nganì kitá ni Tatay.	"الوالد ينادينا."
Tinulungan ba kayó ni Hilario?	Atulungan ga kamo ni Hilario?	"هل هيلاريو سيساعدك؟"

 التوزع الجغرافي

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 In the Philippines

No dumping sign along the highway in the Laguna province, Philippines.

A landslide and rockslide-prone area sign at Indang, Cavite.

Welcome arch to Palayan, Nueva Ecija.

According to the 2020 census conducted by the Philippine Statistics Authority, there were 109 million people living in the Philippines, where the vast majority have some basic level of understanding of the language. The Tagalog homeland, Katagalugan, covers roughly much of the central to southern parts of the island of Luzon — particularly in Aurora, Bataan, Batangas, Bulacan, Cavite, Laguna, Metro Manila, Nueva Ecija, Quezon, and Rizal. Tagalog is also spoken natively by inhabitants living on the islands of Marinduque and Mindoro, as well as Palawan to a lesser extent. Significant minorities are found in the other Central Luzon provinces of Pampanga and Tarlac, Ambos Camarines in Bicol Region, the Cordillera city of Baguio and various parts of Mindanao especially in the island's urban areas. Tagalog is also the predominant language of Cotabato City in Mindanao, making it the only place outside of Luzon with a native Tagalog-speaking majority. It is also the main lingua franca in Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao.

According to the 2000 Philippine Census, approximately 96% of the household population who were able to attend school could speak Tagalog; and about 28% of the total population spoke it natively.

The following regions and provinces of the Philippines are majority Tagalog-speaking (from north to south):

• Central Luzon Region
  • Aurora
  • Bataan
  • Bulacan
  • Nueva Ecija
  • Zambales
• Metro Manila (National Capital Region)
• Southern Luzon
  • Southern Tagalog (Calabarzon and Mimaropa)
    • Batangas
    • Cavite
    • Laguna
    • Rizal
    • Quezon
    • Marinduque
    • Occidental Mindoro
    • Oriental Mindoro
    • Romblon (While Romblomanon, Onhan, and Asi are the native languages of the province, Tagalog is used as the lingua franca between the various language groups.)
    • Palawan (Historically a non-Tagalog-speaking province, waves of cross-migration from various other regions, especially Calabarzon, has resulted in Tagalog now being the main spoken language in Palawan.)
  • Bicol Region (While the Bikol languages have traditionally been the majority languages in the following provinces, heavy Tagalog influence and migration has resulted in its significant presence in these provinces and in many communities, Tagalog is now the majority language.)
    • Camarines Norte
    • Camarines Sur
• Bangsamoro
  • Maguindanao (While Maguindanao has traditionally been the majority language of the province, Tagalog is now the main language of "mother tongue" primary education in the province and is the majority language in the regional center of Cotabato City, and is the lingua franca of Bangsamoro.)
• Davao Region
  • Metro Davao (While Cebuano is the majority language of the region, a linguistic phenomenon has developed whereby local residents have either shifted to Tagalog or significantly mix Tagalog terms and grammar into their Cebuano speech, because older generations speak Tagalog to their children in home settings, and Cebuano is spoken in everyday settings, making Tagalog the secondary lingua franca. Additionally, migrations from Tagalog speaking provinces to the area are also the contributing factors.)
• Soccsksargen
  • North Cotabato, South Cotabato and Sultan Kudarat (Despite Hiligaynon being the regional main lingua franca, migrations from Luzon and Visayas (including influx of migrants from Tagalog speaking regions) to North Cotabato, South Cotabato and Sultan Kudarat has made Tagalog the secondary lingua franca between various ethnolinguistic groups on everyday basis, especially those who cannot speak and understand Hiligaynon. Signages in the region are often written and in Tagalog. Additionally, the language is also used administrative functions by the local government, in education and in local media.)

Tagalog speakers are also found in other parts of the Philippines and through its standardized form of Filipino, the language serves the national lingua franca of the country.

 Outside of the Philippines

  Countries with more than 500,000 speakers

  Countries with between 100,000–500,000 speakers

  Countries where it is spoken by minor communities

The Tagalog caption (bottom-left) about venom at the California Academy of Sciences in San Francisco includes words that are uncommonly used in Metro Manila such as "hungkag" (hollow), "sinisila" (prey), "mapanila" (predator), "tibò" (stinger), and "kabatiran" (clue/knowledge/discernment).

Tagalog serves as the common language among Overseas Filipinos, though its use overseas is usually limited to communication between Filipino ethnic groups. The largest concentration of Tagalog speakers outside the Philippines is found in the United States, wherein 2020, the United States Census Bureau reported (based on data collected in 2018) that it was the fourth most-spoken non-English language at home with over 1.7 million speakers, behind Spanish, French, and Chinese (with figures for Cantonese and Mandarin combined).

A study based on data from the United States Census Bureau's 2015 American Consumer Survey shows that Tagalog is the most commonly spoken non-English language after Spanish in California, Nevada, and Washington states.

Tagalog is one of three recognized languages in San Francisco, California, along with Spanish and Chinese, making all essential city services be communicated using these languages along with English. Meanwhile, Tagalog and Ilocano (which is primarily spoken in northern Philippines) are among the non-official languages of Hawaii that its state offices and state-funded entities are required to provide oral and written translations to its residents. Election ballots in Nevada include instructions written in Tagalog, which was first introduced in the 2020 United States presidential elections.

Other countries with significant concentrations of overseas Filipinos and Tagalog speakers include Saudi Arabia with 938,490, Canada with 676,775, Japan with 313,588, United Arab Emirates with 541,593, Kuwait with 187,067, and Malaysia with 620,043.

 الصواتة

المقالة الرئيسية: Tagalog phonology

هذه المقالة تحتوي على IPA phonetic symbols. بدون دعم العرض المناصب، فقد ترى علامات استفهام، مربعات، أو رموز أخرى بدلاً من Unicode characters.

Tagalog has 21 phonemes: 16 of them are consonants and 5 are vowels. Native Tagalog words follow CV(C) syllable structure, though complex consonant clusters are permitted in loanwords.

 Vowels

Tagalog has five vowels, and four diphthongs. Tagalog originally had three vowel phonemes: /a/, /i/, and /u/. Tagalog is now considered to have five vowel phonemes following the introduction of two marginal phonemes from Spanish, /o/ and /e/.

Table of the five general Tagalog vowel phonemes

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i ⟨i⟩		u ⟨u⟩
Mid	ɛ ⟨e⟩		o̞ ⟨o⟩
Open		a ⟨a⟩

• /a/ an open central unrounded vowel roughly similar to English "father"; in the middle of a word, a near-open central vowel similar to Received Pronunciation "cup"; or an open front unrounded vowel similar to Received Pronunciation or California English "hat"
• /ɛ/ an open-mid front unrounded vowel similar to General American English "bed"
• /i/ a close front unrounded vowel similar to English "machine"
• /o/ a mid back rounded vowel similar to General American English "soul" or Philippine English "forty"
• /u/ a close back rounded vowel similar to English "flute"

Nevertheless, simplification of pairs [o ~ u] and [ɛ ~ i] is likely to take place, especially in some Tagalog as second language, remote location and working class registers.

The four diphthongs are /aj/, /uj/, /aw/, and /iw/. Long vowels are not written apart from pedagogical texts, where an acute accent is used: á é í ó ú.

Table of all possible realizations of Tagalog vowels

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i ⟨i⟩		u ⟨u⟩
Near-close	ɪ ⟨i⟩		ʊ ⟨u⟩
Close-mid	e ⟨e/i⟩		o ⟨o/u⟩
Mid	ɛ̝ ⟨e⟩		o̞ ⟨o⟩
Open-mid	ɛ ⟨e⟩		ɔ ⟨o⟩
Near-open		ɐ ⟨a⟩
Open	a ⟨a⟩	ä ⟨a⟩

The table above shows all the possible realizations for each of the five vowel sounds depending on the speaker's origin or proficiency. The five general vowels are in bold.

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 Consonants

Below is a chart of Tagalog consonants. All the stops are unaspirated. The velar nasal occurs in all positions including at the beginning of a word. Loanword variants using these phonemes are italicized inside the angle brackets.

Tagalog consonant phonemes

		Bilabial	Alv./Dental	Post-alv./ Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal		m	n		ŋ قالب:Anglebracket
Stop	voiceless	p	t		k	ʔ
	voiced	b	d		ɡ
Affricate	voiceless		(ts)	(tʃ) قالب:Anglebracket
	voiced		(dz)	(dʒ) قالب:Anglebracket
Fricative			s	(ʃ) قالب:Anglebracket		h قالب:Anglebracket
Approximant			l	j قالب:Anglebracket	w
Rhotic			ɾ قالب:Anglebracket

• /k/ between vowels has a tendency to become [x] as in loch, German Bach, whereas in the initial position it has a tendency to become [kx], especially in the Manila dialect.
• Intervocalic /ɡ/ and /k/ tend to become [ɰ], as in Spanish agua, especially in the Manila dialect.
• /ɾ/ and /d/ were once allophones, and they still vary grammatically, with initial /d/ becoming intervocalic /ɾ/ in many words.
• A glottal stop that occurs in pausa (before a pause) is omitted when it is in the middle of a phrase, especially in the Metro Manila area. The vowel it follows is then lengthened. However, it is preserved in many other dialects.
• The /ɾ/ phoneme is an alveolar rhotic that has a free variation between a trill, a flap and an approximant ([r~ɾ~ɹ]).
• The /dʒ/ phoneme may become a consonant cluster [dd͡ʒ] in between vowels such as sadyâ [sɐdˈd͡ʒäʔ].

Glottal stop is not indicated. Glottal stops are most likely to occur when:

• the word starts with a vowel, like aso (dog)
• the word includes a dash followed by a vowel, like mag-aral (study)
• the word has two vowels next to each other, like paano (how)
• the word starts with a prefix followed by a verb that starts with a vowel, like mag-aayos ([will] fix)

 Stress and final glottal stop

Stress is a distinctive feature in Tagalog. Primary stress occurs on either the final or the penultimate syllable of a word. Vowel lengthening accompanies primary or secondary stress except when stress occurs at the end of a word.

Tagalog words are often distinguished from one another by the position of the stress and/or the presence of a final glottal stop. In formal or academic settings, stress placement and the glottal stop are indicated by a diacritic (tuldík) above the final vowel. The penultimate primary stress position (malumay) is the default stress type and so is left unwritten except in dictionaries.

Phonetic comparison of Tagalog homographs based on stress and final glottal stop

Common spelling	Stressed non-ultimate syllable no diacritic	Stressed ultimate syllable acute accent (´)	Unstressed ultimate syllable with glottal stop grave accent (`)	Stressed ultimate syllable with glottal stop circumflex accent (^)
baba	[ˈbaba] baba ('father')	[baˈba] babá ('piggy back')	[ˈbabaʔ] babà ('chin')	[bɐˈbaʔ] babâ ('descend [imperative]')
baka	[ˈbaka] baka ('cow')	[bɐˈka] baká ('possible')
bata	[ˈbata] bata ('bath robe')	[bɐˈta] batá ('persevere')	[ˈbataʔ] batà ('child')
bayaran	[bɐˈjaran] bayaran ('pay [imperative]')	[bɐjɐˈran] bayarán ('for hire')
labi			[ˈlabɛʔ]/[ˈlabiʔ] labì ('lips')	[lɐˈbɛʔ]/[lɐˈbiʔ] labî ('remains')
pito	[ˈpito] pito ('whistle')	[pɪˈto] pitó ('seven')
sala	[ˈsala] sala ('living room')	[saˈla] salá ('interweaving [of bamboo slats]')	[ˈsalaʔ] salà ('sin')	[sɐˈlaʔ] salâ ('filtered')

 النحو

•  مقالات مفصلة: نحو التگالوگ
• Austronesian alignment

 نظام الكتابة

انظر أيضاً: Filipino orthography

Tagalog, like other Philippines languages today, is written using the Latin alphabet. Prior to the arrival of the Spanish in 1521 and the beginning of their colonization in 1565, Tagalog was written in an abugida—or alphasyllabary—called Baybayin. This system of writing gradually gave way to the use and propagation of the Latin alphabet as introduced by the Spanish. As the Spanish began to record and create grammars and dictionaries for the various languages of the Philippine archipelago, they adopted systems of writing closely following the orthographic customs of the Spanish language and were refined over the years. Until the first half of the 20th century, most Philippine languages were widely written in a variety of ways based on Spanish orthography.

In the late 19th century, a number of educated Filipinos began proposing for revising the spelling system used for Tagalog at the time. In 1884, Filipino doctor and student of languages Trinidad Pardo de Tavera published his study on the ancient Tagalog script Contribucion para el Estudio de los Antiguos Alfabetos Filipinos and in 1887, published his essay El Sanscrito en la lengua Tagalog which made use of a new writing system developed by him. Meanwhile, Jose Rizal, inspired by Pardo de Tavera's 1884 work, also began developing a new system of orthography (unaware at first of Pardo de Tavera's own orthography). A major noticeable change in these proposed orthographies was the use of the letter ⟨k⟩ rather than ⟨c⟩ and ⟨q⟩ to represent the phoneme /k/.

In 1889, the new bilingual Spanish-Tagalog La España Oriental newspaper, of which Isabelo de los Reyes was an editor, began publishing using the new orthography stating in a footnote that it would "use the orthography recently introduced by ... learned Orientalis". This new orthography, while having its supporters, was also not initially accepted by several writers. Soon after the first issue of La España, Pascual H. Poblete's Revista Católica de Filipina began a series of articles attacking the new orthography and its proponents. A fellow writer, Pablo Tecson was also critical. Among the attacks was the use of the letters "k" and "w" as they were deemed to be of German origin and thus its proponents were deemed as "unpatriotic". The publishers of these two papers would eventually merge as La Lectura Popular in January 1890 and would eventually make use of both spelling systems in its articles. Pedro Laktaw, a schoolteacher, published the first Spanish-Tagalog dictionary using the new orthography in 1890.

In April 1890, Jose Rizal authored an article Sobre la Nueva Ortografia de la Lengua Tagalog in the Madrid-based periodical La Solidaridad. In it, he addressed the criticisms of the new writing system by writers like Pobrete and Tecson and the simplicity, in his opinion, of the new orthography. Rizal described the orthography promoted by Pardo de Tavera as "more perfect" than what he himself had developed. The new orthography was, however, not broadly adopted initially and was used inconsistently in the bilingual periodicals of Manila until the early 20th century. The revolutionary society Kataás-taasan, Kagalang-galang Katipunan ng̃ mg̃á Anak ng̃ Bayan or Katipunan made use of the k-orthography and the letter k featured prominently on many of its flags and insignias.

In 1937, Tagalog was selected to serve as basis for the country's national language. In 1940, the Balarilâ ng Wikang Pambansâ (إنگليزية: Grammar of the National Language) of grammarian Lope K. Santos introduced the Abakada alphabet. This alphabet consists of 20 letters and became the standard alphabet of the national language. The orthography as used by Tagalog would eventually influence and spread to the systems of writing used by other Philippine languages (which had been using variants of the Spanish-based system of writing). In 1987, the Abakada was dropped and replaced by the expanded Filipino alphabet.

 Baybayin

المقالة الرئيسية: Baybayin

Tagalog was written in an abugida (alphasyllabary) called Baybayin prior to the Spanish colonial period in the Philippines, in the 16th century. This particular writing system was composed of symbols representing three vowels and 14 consonants. Belonging to the Brahmic family of scripts, it shares similarities with the Old Kawi script of Java and is believed to be descended from the script used by the Bugis in Sulawesi.

Although it enjoyed a relatively high level of literacy, Baybayin gradually fell into disuse in favor of the Latin alphabet taught by the Spaniards during their rule.

There has been confusion of how to use Baybayin, which is actually an abugida, or an alphasyllabary, rather than an alphabet. Not every letter in the Latin alphabet is represented with one of those in the Baybayin alphasyllabary. Rather than letters being put together to make sounds as in Western languages, Baybayin uses symbols to represent syllables.

A "kudlít" resembling an apostrophe is used above or below a symbol to change the vowel sound after its consonant. If the kudlit is used above, the vowel is an "E" or "I" sound. If the kudlit is used below, the vowel is an "O" or "U" sound. A special kudlit was later added by Spanish missionaries in which a cross placed below the symbol to get rid of the vowel sound all together, leaving a consonant. Previously, the consonant without a following vowel was simply left out (for example, bundók being rendered as budo), forcing the reader to use context when reading such words.

Example:

vowels ᜔ a ᜀ i e ᜁ u o ᜂ

b b ᜊ᜔ ba ᜊ bi be ᜊᜒ bu bo ᜊᜓ

k k ᜃ᜔ ka ᜃ ki ke ᜃᜒ ku ko ᜃᜓᜓ

d/r d/r ᜇ᜔ da/ra ᜇ di/ri de/re ᜇᜒ du/ru do/ro ᜇᜓ

g g ᜄ᜔ ga ᜄ gi ge ᜄᜒ gu go ᜄᜓ

h h ᜑ᜔ ha ᜑ hi he ᜑᜒ hu ho ᜑᜓ

l l ᜎ᜔ la ᜎ li le ᜎᜒ lu lo ᜎᜓ

m m ᜋ᜔ ma ᜋ mi me ᜋᜒ mu mo ᜋᜓ

n n ᜈ᜔ na ᜈ ni ne ᜈᜒ nu no ᜈᜓ

ng ng ᜅ᜔ nga ᜅ ngi nge ᜅᜒ ngu ngo ᜅᜓ

p p ᜉ᜔ pa ᜉ pi pe ᜉᜒ pu po ᜉᜓ

s s ᜐ᜔ sa ᜐ si se ᜐᜒ su so ᜐᜓ

t t ᜆ᜔ ta ᜆ ti te ᜆᜒ tu to ᜆᜓ

w w ᜏ᜔ wa ᜏ wi we ᜏᜒ wu wo ᜏᜓ

y y ᜌ᜔ ya ᜌ yi ye ᜌᜒ yu yo ᜌᜓ

 Latin alphabet

 Abecedario

Until the first half of the 20th century, Tagalog was widely written in a variety of ways based on Spanish orthography consisting of 32 letters called 'ABECEDARIO' (Spanish for "alphabet"). The additional letters from the 26-letter English alphabet are: ch, ll, ng, ñ, n͠g / ñg, and rr.

Majuscule	Minuscule	Majuscule	Minuscule
A	a	Ng	ng
B	b	Ñ	ñ
C	c	N͠g / Ñg	n͠g / ñg
Ch	ch	O	o
D	d	P	p
E	e	Q	q
F	f	R	r
G	g	Rr	rr
H	h	S	s
I	i	T	t
J	j	U	u
K	k	V	v
L	l	W	w
Ll	ll	X	x
M	m	Y	y
N	n	Z	z

 Abakada

المقالة الرئيسية: Abakada alphabet

When the national language was based on Tagalog, grammarian Lope K. Santos introduced a new alphabet consisting of 20 letters called Abakada in school grammar books called balarilâ. The only letter not in the English alphabet is ng.

Majuscule	Minuscule	Majuscule	Minuscule
A	a	N	n
B	b	Ng	ng
K	k	O	o
D	d	P	p
E	e	R	r
G	g	S	s
H	h	T	t
I	i	U	u
L	l	W	w
M	m	Y	y

 Revised alphabet

المقالة الرئيسية: Filipino alphabet

In 1987, the Department of Education, Culture and Sports issued a memo stating that the Philippine alphabet had changed from the Pilipino-Tagalog Abakada version to a new 28-letter alphabet to make room for loans, especially family names from Spanish and English. The additional letters from the 26-letter English alphabet are: ñ, ng.

Majuscule	Minuscule	Majuscule	Minuscule
A	a	Ñ	ñ
B	b	Ng	ng
C	c	O	o
D	d	P	p
E	e	Q	q
F	f	R	r
G	g	S	s
H	h	T	t
I	i	U	u
J	j	V	v
K	k	W	w
L	l	X	x
M	m	Y	y
N	n	Z	z

 ng and mga

انظر أيضاً: ng (digraph)

The genitive marker ng and the plural marker mga (e.g. Iyan ang mga damít ko. (Those are my clothes)) are abbreviations that are pronounced nang [naŋ] and mangá [mɐˈŋa]. Ng, in most cases, roughly translates to "of" (ex. Siyá ay kapatíd ng nanay ko. She is the sibling of my mother) while nang usually means "when" or can describe how something is done or to what extent (equivalent to the suffix -ly in English adverbs), among other uses.

• Nang si Hudas ay nadulás.—When Judas slipped.
• Gumising siya nang maaga.—He woke up early.
• Gumalíng nang todo [ك‍] si Juan dahil nag-ensayo siyá.—Juan greatly improved because he practiced.

In the first example, nang is used in lieu of the word noong (when; Noong si Hudas ay madulás). In the second, nang describes that the person woke up (gumising) early (maaga); gumising nang maaga. In the third, nang described up to what extent that Juan improved (gumalíng), which is "greatly" (nang todo [ك‍]). In the latter two examples, the ligature na and its variants -ng and -g may also be used (Gumising na maaga/Maagang gumising; Gumalíng na todo [ك‍]/Todong gumalíng).

The longer nang may also have other uses, such as a ligature that joins a repeated word:

• Naghintáy sila nang naghintáy.—They kept on waiting" (a closer calque: "They were waiting and waiting.")

 pô/hô and opò/ohò

The words pô/hô originated from the word "Panginoon." and "Poon." ("Lord."). When combined with the basic affirmative Oo "yes" (from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *heqe), the resulting forms are opò and ohò.

"Pô" and "opò" are specifically used to denote a high level of respect when addressing older persons of close affinity like parents, relatives, teachers and family friends. "Hô" and "ohò" are generally used to politely address older neighbours, strangers, public officials, bosses and nannies, and may suggest a distance in societal relationship and respect determined by the addressee's social rank and not their age. However, "pô" and "opò" can be used in any case in order to express an elevation of respect.

• Example: "Pakitapon namán pô/hô yung basura." ("Please throw away the trash.")

Used in the affirmative:

• Ex: "Gutóm ka na ba?" "Opò/Ohò". ("Are you hungry yet?" "Yes.")

Pô/Hô may also be used in negation.

• Ex: "Hindi ko pô/hô alám 'yan." ("I don't know that.")

 الأدب الديني

The Ten Commandments in Tagalog.

Religious literature remains one of the most dynamic components to Tagalog literature. The first Bible in Tagalog, then called Ang Biblia ("the Bible") and now called Ang Dating Biblia ("the Old Bible"), was published in 1905. In 1970, the Philippine Bible Society translated the Bible into modern Tagalog. Even before the Second Vatican Council, devotional materials in Tagalog had been in circulation. There are at least four circulating Tagalog translations of the Bible

• the Magandang Balita Biblia (a parallel translation of the Good News Bible), which is the ecumenical version
• the Bibliya ng Sambayanang Pilipino
• the 1905 Ang Biblia, used more by Protestants
• the Bagong Sanlibutang Salin ng Banal na Kasulatan (New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures), exclusive to the Jehovah's Witnesses

When the Second Vatican Council, (specifically the Sacrosanctum Concilium) permitted the universal prayers to be translated into vernacular languages, the Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines was one of the first to translate the Roman Missal into Tagalog. The Roman Missal in Tagalog was published as early as 1982. In 2012, the Catholic Bishops Conference of the Philippines revised the 41-year-old liturgy with an English version of the Roman Missal, and later translated it in the vernacular to several native languages in the Philippines. For instance, in 2024, the Roman Catholic Diocese of Malolos uses the Tagalog translation of the Roman Missal entitled "Ang Aklat ng Mabuting Balita."

Jehovah's Witnesses were printing Tagalog literature at least as early as 1941 and The Watchtower (the primary magazine of Jehovah's Witnesses) has been published in Tagalog since at least the 1950s. New releases are now regularly released simultaneously in a number of languages, including Tagalog. The official website of Jehovah's Witnesses also has some publications available online in Tagalog. The revised bible edition, the New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures, was released in Tagalog on 2019 and it is distributed without charge both printed and online versions.

Tagalog is quite a stable language, and very few revisions have been made to Catholic Bible translations. Also, as Protestantism in the Philippines is relatively young, liturgical prayers tend to be more ecumenical.

 Example texts

 Lord's Prayer

In Tagalog, the Lord's Prayer is known by its incipit, Amá Namin (literally, "Our Father").

Amá namin, sumasalangit Ka,
Sambahín ang ngalan Mo.
Mapasaamin ang kaharián Mo.
Sundín ang loób Mo,
Dito sa lupà, gaya nang sa langit.
Bigyán Mo kamí ngayón ng aming kakanin sa araw-araw,
At patawarin Mo kamí sa aming mga salà,
Para nang pagpápatawad namin,
Sa nagkakasalà sa amin;
At huwág Mo kamíng ipahintulot sa tuksô,
At iadyâ Mo kamí sa lahát ng masamâ.
[Sapagkát sa Inyó ang kaharián, at ang kapangyarihan,
At ang kaluwálhatian, ngayón, at magpakailanman.]
Amen.

 Universal Declaration of Human Rights

This is Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Pangkalahatáng Pagpapahayág ng Karapatáng Pantao)

Tagalog (Latin)

Bawat tao'y isinilang na may layà at magkakapantáy ang tagláy na dangál at karapatán. Silá'y pinagkalooban ng pangangatwiran at budhî, na kailangang gamitin nilá sa pagtuturingan nilá sa diwà ng pagkakapatiran.

Tagalog (Baybayin)

ᜊᜏᜆ᜔ ᜆᜂᜌ᜔ ᜁᜐᜒᜈᜒᜎᜅ᜔ ᜈ ᜋᜌ᜔ ᜎᜌ ᜀᜆ᜔ ᜋᜄᜃᜃᜉᜈ᜔ᜆᜌ᜔ ᜀᜅ᜔ ᜆᜄ᜔ᜎᜌ᜔ ᜈ ᜇᜅᜎ᜔ ᜀᜆ᜔ ᜃᜇᜉᜆᜈ᜔᜶ ᜐᜒᜎᜌ᜔ ᜉᜒᜈᜄ᜔ᜃᜎᜓᜂᜊᜈ᜔ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜃᜆ᜔ᜏᜒᜇᜈ᜔ ᜀᜆ᜔ ᜊᜓᜇᜑᜒ᜵ ᜈ ᜃᜁᜎᜅᜅ᜔ ᜄᜋᜒᜆᜒᜈ᜔ ᜈᜒᜎ ᜐ ᜉᜄ᜔ᜆᜓᜆᜓᜇᜒᜅᜈ᜔ ᜈᜒᜎ ᜐ ᜇᜒᜏ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜉᜄ᜔ᜃᜃᜉᜆᜒᜇᜈ᜔᜶

English

All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.

 Numbers

Numbers (mga bilang/mga numero) in Tagalog follow two systems. The first consists of native Tagalog words and the other are Spanish-derived. (This may be compared to other East Asian languages, except with the second set of numbers borrowed from Spanish instead of Chinese.) For example, when a person refers to the number "seven", it can be translated into Tagalog as "pitó" or "siyete" (Spanish: siete).

Number	Cardinal	Spanish-derived (Original Spanish)	Ordinal
0	sero / walâ (lit. "null")	sero (cero)	–
1	isá	uno (uno)	una
2	dalawá [dalaua]	dos (dos)	pangalawá / ikalawá
3	tatló	tres (tres)	pangatló / ikatló
4	apat	kuwatro (cuatro)	pang-apat / ikaapat (In standard Filipino orthography, "ika" and the number-word are never hyphenated.)
5	limá	singko (cinco)	panlimá / ikalimá
6	anim	seis (seis)	pang-anim / ikaanim
7	pitó	siyete (siete)	pampitó / ikapitó
8	waló	otso (ocho)	pangwaló / ikawaló
9	siyám	nuwebe (nueve)	pansiyám / ikasiyám
10	sampû / pû (archaic) [sang puwo]	diyés (diez)	pansampû / ikasampû (or ikapû in some literary compositions)
11	labíng-isá	onse (once)	panlabíng-isá / pang-onse / ikalabíng-isá
12	labíndalawá	dose (doce)	panlabíndalawá / pandose / ikalabíndalawá
13	labíntatló	trese (trece)	panlabíntatló / pantrese / ikalabíntatló
14	labíng-apat	katorse (catorce)	panlabíng-apat / pangkatorse / ikalabíng-apat
15	labínlimá	kinse (quince)	panlabínlimá / pangkinse / ikalabínlimá
16	labíng-anim	disisais (dieciséis)	panlabíng-anim / pandyes-sais / ikalabíng-anim
17	labímpitó	disisiyete (diecisiete)	panlabímpitó / pandyes-syete / ikalabímpitó
18	labíngwaló	disiotso (dieciocho)	panlabíngwaló / pandyes-otso / ikalabíngwaló
19	labinsiyám / labins'yam / labingsiyam	disinuwebe (diecinueve)	panlabinsiyám / pandyes-nwebe / ikalabinsiyám
20	dalawampû	beynte (veinte)	pandalawampû / ikadalawampû (rare literary variant: ikalawampû)
21	dalawampú't isá	beynte y uno / beynte'y uno (veintiuno)	pang-dalawampú't isá / ikalawamapú't isá
30	tatlumpû	treynta (treinta)	pantatlumpû / ikatatlumpû (rare literary variant: ikatlumpû)
40	apatnapû	kuwarenta (cuarenta)	pang-apatnapû / ikaapatnapû
50	limampû	singkuwenta (cincuenta)	panlimampû / ikalimampû
60	animnapû	sesenta (sesenta)	pang-animnapû / ikaanimnapû
70	pitumpû	setenta (setenta)	pampitumpû / ikapitumpû
80	walumpû	otsenta (ochenta)	pangwalumpû / ikawalumpû
90	siyamnapû	nobenta (noventa)	pansiyamnapû / ikasiyamnapû
100	sándaán / daán	siyen (cien)	pan(g)-(i)sándaán / ikasándaán (rare literary variant: ikaisándaán)
200	dalawandaán	dosyentos (doscientos)	pandalawándaán / ikadalawandaan (rare literary variant: ikalawándaán)
300	tatlóndaán	tresyentos (trescientos)	pantatlóndaán / ikatatlondaan (rare literary variant: ikatlóndaán)
400	apat na raán	kuwatrosyentos (cuatrocientos)	pang-apat na raán / ikaapat na raán
500	limándaán	kinyentos (quinientos)	panlimándaán / ikalimándaán
600	anim na raán	seissiyentos (seiscientos)	pang-anim na raán / ikaanim na raán
700	pitondaán	setesyentos (setecientos)	pampitóndaán / ikapitóndaán (or ikapitóng raán)
800	walóndaán	otsosyentos (ochocientos)	pangwalóndaán / ikawalóndaán (or ikawalóng raán)
900	siyám na raán	nobesyentos (novecientos)	pansiyám na raán / ikasiyám na raán
1,000	sánlibo / libo	mil / uno mil (mil)	pan(g)-(i)sánlibo / ikasánlibo
2,000	dalawánlibo	dos mil (dos mil)	pangalawáng libo / ikalawánlibo
10,000	sánlaksâ / sampúng libo	diyes mil (diez mil)	pansampúng libo / ikasampúng libo
20,000	dalawanlaksâ / dalawampúng libo	beynte mil (veinte mil)	pangalawampúng libo / ikalawampúng libo
100,000	sangyutá / sandaáng libo	siyento mil (cien mil)
200,000	dalawangyutá / dalawandaáng libo	dosyentos mil (doscientos mil)
1,000,000	sang-angaw / sangmilyón	milyón (un millón)
2,000,000	dalawang-angaw / dalawang milyón	dos milyónes (dos millones)
10,000,000	sangkatì / sampung milyón	diyes milyónes (diez millones)
100,000,000	sambahalà / sampúngkatì / sandaáng milyón	siyen milyónes (cien millones)
1,000,000,000	sanggatós / sang-atós / sambilyón	bilyón / mil milyón (un billón (US), mil millones, millardo)
1,000,000,000,000	sang-ipaw / santrilyón	trilyón / bilyón (un trillón (US), un billón)

Number	English	Spanish	Ordinal / Fraction / Cardinal
1st	first	primer, primero, primera	una / ikaisá
2nd	second	segundo/a	ikalawá
3rd	third	tercero/a	ikatló
4th	fourth	cuarto/a	ikaapat
5th	fifth	quinto/a	ikalimá
6th	sixth	sexto/a	ikaanim
7th	seventh	séptimo/a	ikapitó
8th	eighth	octavo/a	ikawaló
9th	ninth	noveno/a	ikasiyám
10th	tenth	décimo/a	ikasampû
1⁄2	half	medio/a, mitad	kalahatì
قالب:1/4	one quarter	cuarto	kapat
3⁄5	three fifths	tres quintas partes	tatlóng-kalimá
2⁄3	two thirds	dos tercios	dalawáng-katló
1+1⁄2	one and a half	uno y medio	isá't kalahatì
2+2⁄3	two and two thirds	dos y dos tercios	dalawá't dalawáng-katló
0.5	zero point five	cero punto cinco, cero coma cinco, cero con cinco	salapî / limá hinatì sa sampû
0.05	zero point zero five	cero punto cero cinco, cero coma cero cinco, cero con cero cinco	bagól / limá hinatì sa sandaán
0.005	zero point zero zero five	cero punto cero cero cinco, cero coma cero cero cinco, cero con cero cero cinco	limá hinatì sa sanlibo
1.25	one point two five	uno punto veinticinco, uno coma veinticinco, uno con veinticinco	isá't dalawampú't limá hinatì sa sampû
2.025	two point zero two five	dos punto cero veinticinco, dos coma cero veinticinco, dos con cero veinticinco	dalawá't dalawampú't limá hinatì sa sanlibo
25%	twenty-five percent	veinticinco por ciento	dalawampú't-limáng bahagdán
50%	fifty percent	cincuenta por ciento	limampúng bahagdán
75%	seventy-five percent	setenta y cinco por ciento	pitumpú't-limáng bahagdán

 الشهور والأيام

Months and days in Tagalog are also localised forms of Spanish months and days. "Month" in Tagalog is buwán (also the word for moon) and "day" is araw (the word also means sun). Unlike Spanish, however, months and days in Tagalog are always capitalised.

Month	Original Spanish	Tagalog (abbreviation)
January	enero	Enero (Ene.)
February	febrero	Pebrero (Peb.)
March	marzo	Marso (Mar.)
April	abril	Abríl (Abr.)
May	mayo	Mayo (Mayo)
June	junio	Hunyo (Hun.)
July	julio	Hulyo (Hul.)
August	agosto	Agosto (Ago.)
September	septiembre	Setyembre (Set.)
October	octubre	Oktubre (Okt.)
November	noviembre	Nobyembre (Nob.)
December	diciembre	Disyembre (Dis.)

Day	Original Spanish	Tagalog
Sunday	domingo	Linggó
Monday	lunes	Lunes
Tuesday	martes	Martes
Wednesday	miércoles	Miyérkules / Myérkules
Thursday	jueves	Huwebes / Hwebes
Friday	viernes	Biyernes / Byernes
Saturday	sábado	Sábado

 الوقت

Time expressions in Tagalog are also Tagalized forms of the corresponding Spanish. "Time" in Tagalog is panahón or oras.

Time	English	Original Spanish	Tagalog
1 hour	one hour	una hora	Isáng oras
2 min	two minutes	dos minutos	Dalawáng sandalî/minuto
3 sec	three seconds	tres segundos	Tatlóng saglít/segundo
	morning	mañana	Umaga
	afternoon	tarde	Hápon
	evening/night	noche	Gabí
	noon	mediodía	Tanghalì
	midnight	medianoche	Hatinggabí
1:00 am	one in the morning	una de la mañana	Ika-isá ng umaga
7:00 pm	seven at night	siete de la noche	Ikapitó ng gabí
1:15	quarter past one one-fifteen	una y cuarto	Kapat makalipas ika-isá Labínlimá makalipas ika-isá Apatnapú't-limá bago mag-ikalawá Tatlong-kapat bago mag-ikalawá
2:30	half past two two-thirty half-way to/of three	dos y media	Kalahatì makalipas ikalawá Tatlumpû makalipas ikalawá Tatlumpû bago mag-ikatló Kalahatì bago mag-ikatló
3:45	three-forty-five quarter to/of four	tres y cuarenta y cinco cuatro menos cuarto	Tatlóng-kapat makalipas ikatló Apatnapú't-limá makalipas ikatló Labínlimá bago mag-ikaapat Kapat bago mag-ikaapat
4:25	four-twenty-five twenty-five past four	cuatro y veinticinco	Dalawampú't-limá makalipas ikaapat Tatlumpú't-limá bago mag-ikaapat
5:35	five-thirty-five twenty-five to/of six	cinco y treinta y cinco seis menos veinticinco	Tatlumpú't-limá makalipas ikalimá Dalawampú't-limá bago mag-ikaanim

 علم الصوتيات

المقالة الرئيسية: علم صوتيات التگالوگ

هذه المقالة تحتوي على IPA phonetic symbols. بدون دعم العرض المناصب، فقد ترى علامات استفهام، مربعات، أو رموز أخرى بدلاً من Unicode characters.

 الحروف الصامتة

الحروف الصامتة في التگالوگ

	شفهي	أسناني/ لثوي	Postalveolar/ Palatal	Velar	انفجاري
أنفي	m	n	ɲ	ŋ
Stop	p b	t d	tʃ dʒ	k ɡ	ʔ
Fricative		s	ʃ		h
Tap		ɾ
Approximant		l	j	w

 نظام الكتابة

 الباي‌باين

المقالة الرئيسية: الباي& § 8204;باين

a

e/i

o/u

ka	ga	nga
ta	da/ra	na
pa	ba	ma

ya

la

wa

sa

ha

الحروف المنطوقة ᜔ a ᜀ i e ᜁ u o ᜂ

b b ᜊ᜔ ba ᜊ bi be ᜊᜒ bu bo ᜊᜓ

k k ᜃ᜔ ka ᜃ ki ke ᜃᜒ ku ko ᜃᜓᜓ

d/r d/r ᜇ᜔ da/ra ᜇ di/ri de/re ᜇᜒ du/ru do/ro ᜇᜓ

g g ᜄ᜔ ga ᜄ gi ge ᜄᜒ gu go ᜄᜓ

h h ᜑ᜔ ha ᜑ hi he ᜑᜒ hu ho ᜑᜓ

l l ᜎ᜔ la ᜎ li le ᜎᜒ lu lo ᜎᜓ

m m ᜋ᜔ ma ᜋ mi me ᜋᜒ mu mo ᜋᜓ

n n ᜈ᜔ na ᜈ ni ne ᜈᜒ nu no ᜈᜓ

ng ng ᜅ᜔ nga ᜅ ngi nge ᜅᜒ ngu ngo ᜅᜓ

p p ᜉ᜔ pa ᜉ pi pe ᜉᜒ pu po ᜉᜓ

s s ᜐ᜔ sa ᜐ si se ᜐᜒ su so ᜐᜓ

t t ᜆ᜔ ta ᜆ ti te ᜆᜒ tu to ᜆᜓ

w w ᜏ᜔ wa ᜏ wi we ᜏᜒ wu wo ᜏᜓ

y y ᜌ᜔ ya ᜌ yi ye ᜌᜒ yu yo ᜌᜓ

 الأبجدية اللاتينية

 أبكـِداريو

Majuscule	Minuscule	Majuscule	Minuscule
A	a	Ng	ng
B	b	Ñ	ñ
C	c	N͠g / Ñg	n͠g / ñg
Ch	ch	O	o
D	d	P	p
E	e	Q	q
F	f	R	r
G	g	Rr	rr
H	h	S	s
I	i	T	t
J	j	U	u
K	k	V	v
L	l	W	w
Ll	ll	X	x
M	m	Y	y
N	n	Z	z

 أباكادا

المقالة الرئيسية: أباكادا

Majuscule	Minuscule	Majuscule	Minuscule
A	a	N	n
B	b	Ng	ng
K	k	O	o
D	d	P	p
E	e	R	r
G	g	S	s
H	h	T	t
I	i	U	u
L	l	W	w
M	m	Y	y

 الأبجدية المنقحة

المقالة الرئيسية: الأبجدية الفلپينية

Majuscule	Minuscule	Majuscule	Minuscule
A	a	Ñ	ñ
B	b	Ng	ng
C	c	O	o
D	d	P	p
E	e	Q	q
F	f	R	r
G	g	S	s
H	h	T	t
I	i	U	u
J	j	V	v
K	k	W	w
L	l	X	x
M	m	Y	y
N	n	Z	z

 ng وmga

انظر أيضاً: ng (digraph)

 المفردات والكلمات المستعارة

أمثلة أخرى على كلمات تگالوگية مستخدمة في الإنگليزية

المثال	المعنى
boondocks	meaning "rural" or "back country," was imported by American soldiers stationed in the Philippines following the Spanish American War as a mispronounced version of the Tagalog bundok, which means "mountain."
cogon	a type of grass, used for thatching. This word came from the Tagalog word kugon (a species of tall grass).
ylang-ylang	a type of flower known for its fragrance.
Abaca	a type of hemp fiber made from a plant in the banana family, from abaká.
Manila hemp	a light brown cardboard material used for folders and paper usually made from abaca hemp.
Capiz	also known as window oyster, is used to make windows.

 كلمات تگالوگية في لغت أخرى

المقالة الرئيسية: قائم الكلمات المستعارة من التگالوگية

 الكلمات المشتركة مع اللغات الأخرى الفلپينية

الكلمة التگالوگية	المعنى	اللغة الأصلية	النُطق الأصلي
bakit	لماذا	Kapampangan	obakit
akyat	يتسلق/يصعد	Kapampangan	ukyát/mukyat
at	و	Kapampangan	في/عند
bundok	mountain	Kapampangan	bunduk
huwag	لا تفعل	Pangasinan	ag
aso	كلب	South Cordilleran or Ilocano (also Ilokano)	aso
tayo	نحن	South Cordilleran or Ilocano	tayo
ito, nito	هذا (للعاقل وغير العاقل)	South Cordilleran or Ilocano	إلى
ng	من	Cebuano Hiligaynon Waray Kapampangan Pangasinan Ilocano	sa sg (pronounced as /sang/) han ning na nga
araw	الشمس؛ النهار	Visayan languages	adlaw
ang	أداة تعريف	Visayan languages Central Bikol	ang an

 مقارنة بالأوسترونيزية

بالعربية	1	1	3	4	شخص	منزل	كلب	جوز الهند	يوم	جديد	نحن	ماذا	نار
بالتگالوگية	isa	dalawa	tatlo	apat	tao	bahay	aso	niyog	araw	bago	tayo	ano	apoy
البيكول	saro	duwa	tulo	apat	tawo	harong	ayam	niyog	aldaw	ba-go	kita	ano	kalayo
سـِبوانو	usa/isa	duha	tulo	upat	tawo	balay	iro	lubi	adlaw	bag-o	kita	unsa	kalayo
واراي	usa	duha	tulo	upat	tawo	balay	ayam/ido	lubi	adlaw	bag-o	kita	anu	kalayo
هيلياگاينون	isa	duha	tatlo	apat	tawo	balay	ido	lubi	adlaw	bag-o	kita	ano	kalayo
أكلانون	isaea, sambilog, uno	daywa, dos	tatlo, tres	ap-at, kwatro	tawo	baeay	ayam	niyog	adlaw	bag-o	kita	ano	kaeayo
كيناراي-أ	sara	darwa	tatlo	apat	tawo	balay	ayam	niyog	adlaw	bag-o	kita	ano	kalayo
تاوسوگ	hambuuk	duwa	tu	upat	tau	bay	iru'	niyug	adlaw	ba-gu	kitaniyu	unu	kayu
ماراناو	isa	dowa	t'lo	phat	taw	walay	aso	neyog	gawi'e	bago	tano	tonaa	apoy
كاپامپانگان	metung	adwa	atlu	apat	tau	bale	asu	ngungut	aldo	bayu	ikatamu	nanu	api
پانگاسينان	sakey	dua, duara	talo, talora	apat, apatira	too	abong	aso	niyog	ageo	balo	sikatayo	anto	pool
إيلوكانو	maysa	dua	tallo	uppat	tao	balay	aso	niog	aldaw	baro	datayo	ania	apoy
إيڤاتان	asa	dadowa	tatdo	apat	tao	vahay	chito	niyoy	araw	va-yo	yaten	ango	apoy
إيباناگ	tadday	dua	tallu	appa'	tolay	balay	kitu	niuk	aggaw	bagu	sittam	anni	afi
يوگاد	tata	addu	tallu	appat	tolay	binalay	atu	iyyog	agaw	bagu	sikitam	gani	afuy
گادانگ	antet	addwa	tallo	appat	tolay	balay	atu	ayog	aw	bawu	ikkanetam	sanenay	afuy
تبولي	sotu	lewu	tlu	fat	tau	gunu	ohu	lefo	kdaw	lomi	tekuy	tedu	ofih
الإندونيسية	satu	dua	tiga	empat	orang	rumah/balai	anjing	kelapa/nyiur	hari	baru	kita	apa/anu	api
الجاوية	siji	loro	telu	papat	uwong	omah	asu	klapa/kambil	hari	anyar/enggal	kita	apa/anu	geni
الآخنية	sa	duwa	lhèë	peuët	ureuëng	rumoh/balèë	asèë	u	uroë	barô	(geu)tanyoë	peuë	apuy
اللامپونگية	sai	khua	telu	pak	jelema	lamban	asu	nyiwi	khani	baru	kham	api	apui
البوگينية	sedi	dua	tellu	eppa	tau	bola	asu	kaluku	esso	baru	idi	aga	api
الباتاكية	sada	dua	tolu	opat	halak	jabu	biang	harambiri	ari	baru	hita	aha	api
التـِتومية	ida	rua	tolu	haat	ema	uma	asu	nuu	loron	foun	ita	saida	ahi
الماورية	tahi	rua	toru	wha	tangata	whare	kuri	kokonati	ra	hou	taua	aha	ahi
التوڤالوانية	tasi	lua	tolu	fá	toko	fale	kuri	moku	aso	fou	tāua	ā	afi
الهاوية	kahi	lua	kolu	hā	kanaka	hale	'īlio	niu	ao	hou	kākou	aha	ahi
البنجارية	asa	duwa	talu	ampat	urang	rūmah	hadupan	kǎlapa	hǎri	hanyar	kami	apa	api
المالاگاسية	isa	roa	telo	efatra	olona	trano	alika	voanio	andro	vaovao	isika	inona	afo
الدوسونية	iso	duo	tolu	apat	tulun	walai	tasu	piasau	tadau	wagu	tokou	onu/nu	tapui

 أمثلة

 الأرقام

الرقم	cardinal	الإستعارة الإسپانية (الإسپانية الأصلية)	Ordinal
0	sero / wala / bokya	sero (cero)	-
1	isa	uno (uno)	una
2	dalawa [dalaua]	dos (dos)	pangalawa / ikalawa (or ikadalawa in some informal compositions)
3	tatlo	tres (tres)	pangatlo / ikatlo
4	apat	kuwatro (cuatro)	pang-apat / ikaapat ("ika" and the number-word are never hyphenated. For numbers, however, they always are.)
5	lima	singko (cinco)	panlima / ikalima
6	anim	sais (seis)	pang-anim / ikaanim
7	pito	siyete (siete)	pampito / ikapito
8	walo	otso (ocho)	pangwalo / ikawalo
9	siyam	nuwebe (nueve)	pansiyam / ikasiyam
10	sampu [sang puo]	diyes (diez)	pansampu / ikasampu (or ikapu in some literary compositions)
11	labing-isa	onse (once)	panlabing-isa / pang-onse / ikalabing-isa
12	labindalawa	dose (doce)	panlabindalawa / pandose / ikalabindalawa
13	labintatlo	trese (trece)	panlabintatlo / pantrese / ikalabintatlo
14	labing-apat	katorse (catorce)	panlabing-apat / pangkatorse / ikalabing-apat
15	labinlima	kinse (quince)	panlabinlima / pangkinse / ikalabinlima
16	labing-anim	dissisais (dieciséis)	panlabing-anim / pandyes-sais / ikalabing-anim
17	labimpito	dissisyete (diecisiete)	panlabimpito / pandyes-syete / ikalabimpito
18	labingwalo	dissiotso (dieciocho)	panlabingwalo / pandyes-otso / ikalabingwalo
19	labinsiyam	disinuwebe (diecinueve)	panlabinsiyam / pandyes-nwebe / ikalabinsiyam
20	dalawampu	bente / beinte (veinte)	pandalawampu / ikadalawampu (or ikalawampu in some literary compositions both formal and informal (rarely used))
30	tatlumpu	trenta / treinta (treinta)	pantatlumpu / ikatatlumpu (or ikatlumpu in some literary compositions both formal and informal (rarely used))
40	apatnapu	kuwarenta (cuarenta)	pang-apatnapu / ikaapatnapu
41	apatnapu't isa	kuwarenta'y uno (cuarenta y uno)	pang-apatnapu't isa / ikaapatnapu't isa
50	limampu	singkuwenta (cincuenta)	panlimampu / ikalimampu
60	animnapu	sesenta (sesenta)	pang-animnapu / ikaanimnapu
70	pitumpu	setenta (setenta)	pampitumpu / ikapitumpu
80	walumpu	otsenta / utsenta (ochenta)	pangwalumpu / ikawalumpu
90	siyamnapu	nobenta (noventa)	pansiyamnapu / ikasiyamnapu
100	sandaan	siyento (cien)	pan(g)-(i)sandaan / ikasandaan (or ika-isandaan in some formal or informal literary compositions (rarely used))
200	dalawandaan	dos siyentos (doscientos)	pandalawandaan / ikadalawandaan (or ikalawandaan in some formal or informal literary compositions (rarely used))
300	tatlondaan	tres siyentos (trescientos)	pantatlondaan / ikatatlondaan (or ikatlondaan in some formal or informal literary compositions (rarely used))
400	apat na raan	kuwatro siyentos (cuatrocientos)	pang-apat na raan / ikaapat na raan
500	limandaan	kinyentos (quinientos)	panlimandaán / ikalimandaán
600	anim na raan	sais siyentos (seiscientos)	pang-anim na raan / ikaanim na raan
700	pitondaan	siyete siyentos (sietecientos)	pampitondaan / ikapitondaan (or ikapitong raan)
800	walondaan	otso siyentos (ochocientos)	pangwalondaan / ikawalondaan (or ikawalong raan)
900	siyam na raan	nuwebe siyentos (novecientos)	pansiyam na raan / ikasiyam na raan
1,000	sanlibo	mil (mil)	pan(g)-(i)sanlibo / ikasanlibo
2,000	dalawanlibo	dos mil (dos mil)	pangalawang libo / ikalawanlibo
10,000	sanlaksa / sampung libo	diyes mil (diez mil)	pansampung libo / ikasampung libo
20,000	dalawanlaksa / dalawampung libo	bente mil (veinte mil)	pangalawampung libo / ikalawampung libo
100,000	sangyuta / sandaang libo	siyento mil (cien mil)
200,000	dalawangyuta / dalawandaang libo	dos siyento mil (dos cientos mil)
1,000,000	sang-angaw / sangmilyon	milyon (un millón)
2,000,000	dalawang-angaw / dalawang milyon	dos milyon (dos millones)
10,000,000	sangkati / sampung milyon	dyes milyon (diez millones)
100,000,000	sampungkati / sandaang milyon	syento milyon (cien millones)
1,000,000,000	sang-atos / sambilyon	bilyon (un billón)
1,000,000,000,000	sang-ipaw / santrilyon	trilyon (un trillón)

الرقم	بالعربية	Ordinal Spanish	Cardinal
الأول	first	primero	una / ika-isa
الثاني	second	segundo	ikalawa
الثالث	third	tercero	ikatlo
الراق	fourth	cuarto	ika-apat
الخامس	fifth	quinto	ikalima
السادس	sixth	sexto	ika-anim
السابع	seventh	séptimo	ikapito
الثامن	eighth	octavo	ikawalo
التاسع	ninth	noveno	ikasiyam
العاشر	tenth	décimo	ikasampu
1/2	half	media	kalahati
1/4	quarter	cuarta	kapat
3/5	three-fifths	tres quintas partes	tatlong-kalima
2/3	two-thirds	dos tercios	dalawang-katlo
1 1/2	one half	un medio	isa't kalahati
2 2/3	two two-thirds	dos de dos tercios	dalawa't dalawang-katlo
0.5			salapi / lima hinati sa sampu
0.005			bagol / lima hinati sa sanlibo
1.25			isa't dalawampu't lima hinati sa sampu
2.025			dalawa't dalawampu't lima hinati sa sanlibo
25%	twenty-five percent	veinticinco por ciento	dalawampu't-limang bahagdan
50%	fifty percent	cincuenta por ciento	limampung bahagdan
75%	seventy-five percent	setenta y cinco por ciento	pitumpu't-limang bahagdan

 الشهور والأيام

الشهر	بالإسپانية	تگالوگ (الاختصار)
يناير	Enero	Enero (Ene.)
فبراير	Febrero	Pebrero (Peb.)
مارس	Marzo	Marso (Mar.)
أبريل	Abril	Abril (Abr.)
مايو	Mayo	Mayo (Mayo)
يونيو	Junio	Hunyo (Hun.)
يوليو	Julio	Hulyo (Hul.)
أغسطس	Agosto	Agosto (Ago.)
سبتمبر	Septiembre	Setyembre (Set.)
أكتوبر	Octubre	Oktubre (Okt.)
نوفمبر	Noviembre	Nobyembre (Nob.)
ديسمبر	Diciembre	Disyembre (Dis.)

اليوم	بالإسپانية	تگالوگ
الإثنين	Lunes	Lunes
الثلاثاء	Martes	Martes
الأربعاء	Miércoles	Miyerkules / Myerkules
الخميس	Jueves	Huwebes / Hwebes
الجمعة	Viernes	Biyernes / Byernes
السبت	Sábado	Sabado
الأحد	Domingo	Linggo

 الوقت

الوقت	بالإنگليزية	بالإسپانية	تگالوگ
1 ساعة	One hour	Una hora	Isang oras
2 دقيقة	Two minutes	Dos minutos	Dalawang sandali/minuto
3 ثانية	Three seconds	Tres segundos	Tatlong saglit/segundo
	الصباح	Mañana	Umaga
	الظهيرة	Tarde	Hapon
	المساء/الليل	Noche	Gabi
	منتصف النهار	Medio dia	Tanghali
	منتصف الليل	Media noche	Hatingabi
01.00 ص	One o'clock morning	Una de la mañana	Ika-isa ng umaga
07.00 م	Seven o'clock night	Siete de la noche	Ikapito ng gabi
01.15	Quarter past one Fifteen past one Forty-five to one	Una y cuarto	Kapat makalipas mag-ikaisa Labinlima makalipas mag-ikaisa Apatnapu't-lima bago mag-ikaisa
02.30	Half past two Thirty past two	Dos y media	Kalahati makalipas mag-ikalawa Tatlumpu makalipas mag-ikalawa
03.45	Three-quarter past three Forty-five past three Fifteen to four	Tres y cuarenta y cinco	Tatlong-kapat makalipas mag-ikatlo Apatnapu't-lima makalipas mag-ikatlo Labinlima bago mag-ikaapat
04.25	Twenty-five past four Thirty-five to four	Cuatro y veinticinco	Dalawampu't-lima makalipas mag-ikaapat Tatlumpu't-lima bago mag-ikaapat
05.35	Thirty-five past five Twenty-five to six	Cinco y treinta y cinco	Tatlumpu't-lima makalipas mag-ikalima Dalawampu't-lima bago mag-ikaanim

 جمل شائعة

بالإنگليزية	تگالوگ (مع النُطق)
الفلپينية	Pilipino [ˌpiːliˈpiːno]
الإنگليزية	Inglés [ʔɪŋˈɡlɛs]
تگالوگ	Tagalog [tɐˈɡaːloɡ]
What is your name?	Anó ang pangalan ninyo/nila*? (plural or polite) [ɐˈno aŋ pɐˈŋaːlan nɪnˈjo], Anó ang pangalan mo? (singular) [ɐˈno aŋ pɐˈŋaːlan mo]
How are you?	kumustá [kʊmʊsˈta]
Good morning!	Magandáng umaga! [mɐɡɐnˈdaŋ uˈmaːɡa]
Good noontime! (from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m.)	Magandáng tanghali! [mɐɡɐnˈdaŋ taŋˈhaːlɛ]
Good afternoon! (from 1 p.m. to 6:00 p.m.)	Magandáng hapon! [mɐɡɐnˈdaŋ ˈhaːpon]
Good evening!	Magandáng gabí! [mɐɡɐnˈdaŋ ɡɐˈbɛ]
Good-bye	paálam [pɐˈʔaːlam]
Please	Depending on the nature of the verb, either pakí- [pɐˈki] or makí- [mɐˈki] is attached as a prefix to a verb. ngâ [ŋaʔ] is optionally added after the verb to increase politeness. (e.g. Pakipasa ngâ ang tinapay. ("Can you pass the bread, please?"))
Thank you	salamat [sɐˈlaːmat]
This one	ito [ʔiˈtoh], sometimes pronounced [ʔɛˈtoh] (literally—"it", "this")
That one	iyan [ʔiˈjan], When pointing to something at greater distances: iyun [ʔiˈjʊn] or iyon [ʔiˈjon]
Here	dito [dɪˈtoh], heto [hɛˈtoh] ("Here it is")
There	doon [dʒan], hayan [hɑˈjan] ("There it is")
How much?	Magkano? [mɐɡˈkaːno]
Yes	oo [ˈoːʔo] opô [ˈʔopoʔ] or ohô [ˈʔohoʔ] (formal/polite form)
No	hindî [hɪnˈdɛʔ], often shortened to dî [dɛʔ] hindî pô (formal/polite form)
I don't know	hindî ko álam [hɪnˈdɛʔ ko aːlam] Very informal: ewan [ʔɛˈʊɑn], archaic aywan [ɑjˈʊɑn] (closest English equivalent: colloquial dismissive 'Whatever')
Sorry	pasensya pô (literally from the word "patience") or paumanhin po [pɐˈsɛːnʃa poʔ] patawad po [pɐtaːwad poʔ] (literally—"asking your forgiveness")
Because	kasí [kɐˈsɛ] or dahil [dɑˈhɪl]
Hurry!	dalí! [dɐˈli], bilís! [bɪˈlis]
Again	mulí [muˈli], ulít [ʊˈlɛt]
I don't understand	Hindî ko naiintindihan [hɪnˈdiː ko nɐʔɪɪnˌtɪndiˈhan] or Hindi ko nauunawaan [hɪnˈdiː ko nɐʔʊʊnawaʔˌʔan]
What?	Anó? [ɐˈno]
Where?	Saán? [sɐˈʔan], Nasaán? [ˌnaːsɐˈʔan] (literally - "Where at?")
Why?	Bakít? [bɑˈkɛt]
When?	Kailan? [kɑjˈlɑn], [kɑˈɪˈlɑn], or [kɛˈlɑn] (literally—"In what order?/"At what count?"")
How?	Paánó? [pɑˌɐˈno] (literally—"By what?")
Where's the bathroom?	Nasaán ang banyo? [ˌnaːsɐˈʔan ʔaŋ ˈbaːnjo]
Generic toast	Mabuhay! [mɐˈbuːhaɪ] [literally—"long live"]
Do you speak English?	Marunong ka bang magsalitâ ng Ingglés? [mɐˈɾuːnoŋ ka baŋ mɐɡsaliˈtaː naŋ ʔɪŋˈɡlɛs], "Marunong po ba kayong magsailitâ ng Ingglés?" (polite version for elders and strangers) Marunong ka bang mag-Ingglés? (short form), "Marunong po ba kayong mag-Ingglés? (short form, polite version for elders and strangers)
It is fun to live.	Masaya ang mabuhay! [mɐˈsaˈja ʔaŋ mɐˈbuːhaɪ] or Masaya'ng mabuhay (contracted version)

*Pronouns such as niyo (2nd person plural) and nila (3rd person plural) are used on a single 2nd person in polite or formal language. See Tagalog grammar.

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 وصلات خارجية

تجالوج (لغة) edition of Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

قالب:WikisourceWiki

• A small and useful Tagalog dictionary (English - Tagalog)
• Calderon's English-Spanish-Tagalog dictionary for cell phone and PDA
• A Handbook and Grammar of the Tagalog Language by W.E.W. MacKinlay, 1905.
• Online E-book of Spanish-Tagalog Manual of Conversation published in Manila in 1874 by V.M. de Abella
• Online E-book of Doctrina Christiana in Old Tagalog and Old Spanish, the first book published in the Philippines. Manila. 1593
• Online E-book of Buhay na Nasapit ni Anselmo at ni Elisa: Sa Ciudad nang Ulma sacop nang Reinong Alemania, published in 1905
• Online E-book of Arte de la Lengua Tagala y Manual Tagalog by Sebastián de Totanes published in Binondo, Manila in 1865
• USA Foreign Service Institute Tagalog basic course