بولو، تركيا
بولو Bolu | |
---|---|
الإحداثيات: 40°44′05″N 31°36′27″E / 40.73472°N 31.60750°E | |
البلد | تركيا |
المحافظة | بولو |
الحكومة | |
• العمدة | علاء الدين يلمظ (AKP) |
المساحة | |
• District | 1٬524٫37 كم² (588٫56 ميل²) |
التعداد (2012)[2] | |
• Urban | 131٬264 |
• المقاطعات | 172٬355 |
• كثافة المقاطعات | 110/km2 (290/sq mi) |
الموقع الإلكتروني | www.bolu.bel.tr |
بولو Bolu (باليونانية: Βιθύνιον /Vithinion، باللاتينية Bithynium أو Claudiopolis) هي عاصمة محافظة بولو يبلغ عدد سكانها 131,264 نسمة (تعداد 2012).[3]
وتقع بولو على الطريق السريع القديم من اسطنبول إلى أنقرة، والذي يتسلق جبل بولو. الطريق الحديث يمر عبر نفق جبل بولو تحت البلدة.
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تاريخ
كانت بولو جزءاً من أحد ممالك الحيثيين حوالي عام 2000 ق.م.، ولاحقاً في عام 500 ق.م. كانت أحد أكبر مدن مملكة بيثينيا (279 ق.م. - 79 ق.م.).
بولو اليوم
المناخ
Climate data for بولو (1960-2012) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 19.8 (67.6) |
20.8 (69.4) |
28.0 (82.4) |
31.8 (89.2) |
34.4 (93.9) |
37.0 (98.6) |
39.3 (102.7) |
39.8 (103.6) |
37.3 (99.1) |
34.4 (93.9) |
26.2 (79.2) |
23.5 (74.3) |
39.8 (103.6) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 5.3 (41.5) |
7.1 (44.8) |
11.3 (52.3) |
16.7 (62.1) |
21.4 (70.5) |
24.8 (76.6) |
27.4 (81.3) |
27.8 (82.0) |
24.4 (75.9) |
19.2 (66.6) |
13.2 (55.8) |
7.5 (45.5) |
17.2 (62.9) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 0.7 (33.3) |
2.0 (35.6) |
5.0 (41.0) |
9.8 (49.6) |
14.0 (57.2) |
17.4 (63.3) |
19.9 (67.8) |
19.7 (67.5) |
16.1 (61.0) |
11.8 (53.2) |
6.9 (44.4) |
3.1 (37.6) |
10.5 (51.0) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −3.3 (26.1) |
−2.5 (27.5) |
−0.1 (31.8) |
4.0 (39.2) |
7.7 (45.9) |
10.6 (51.1) |
12.8 (55.0) |
12.9 (55.2) |
9.7 (49.5) |
6.4 (43.5) |
2.0 (35.6) |
−0.8 (30.6) |
5.0 (40.9) |
Record low °C (°F) | −24.3 (−11.7) |
−24.0 (−11.2) |
−17.8 (0.0) |
−10.0 (14.0) |
−2.3 (27.9) |
2.2 (36.0) |
4.4 (39.9) |
3.2 (37.8) |
0.4 (32.7) |
−5.8 (21.6) |
−19.6 (−3.3) |
−22.6 (−8.7) |
−24.3 (−11.7) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 57.7 (2.27) |
45.4 (1.79) |
52.0 (2.05) |
51.7 (2.04) |
60.1 (2.37) |
52.7 (2.07) |
31.0 (1.22) |
25.2 (0.99) |
27.1 (1.07) |
42.9 (1.69) |
45.8 (1.80) |
63.4 (2.50) |
555 (21.86) |
Average precipitation days | 15.4 | 14.4 | 14.8 | 14.0 | 13.8 | 11.6 | 6.4 | 5.6 | 7.1 | 10.2 | 11.6 | 15.4 | 140.3 |
Average snowy days | 14 | 11 | 6 | 0.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 | 3 | 9 | 43 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 34 | 66 | 100 | 155 | 196 | 213 | 244 | 232 | 185 | 96 | 54 | 28 | 1٬603 |
Source: Devlet Meteoroloji İşleri Genel Müdürlüğü [4] |
معالم
The countryside around Bolu offers excellent walking and other outdoor pursuits. There are hotels in the town for visitors. Sights near the town include:
- The 14th-century mosque, اولو جامع
- Bolu Museum has artifacts from Hittite, Roman, Byzantine, Seljuk and Ottoman periods.
- The hot springs kaplıcaları
- The lake (Abant Lake) and village of Gölköy, near the university campus.
- The famous crater lake called "Gölcük".
أشهر أبنائها
- Antinous (c. 111 - c. 130), favourite of Roman Emperor Hadrian
- Alexandru Callimachi (1737–1821), Prince of Moldavia
- The industrialist and philanthropist Izzet Baysal was born in Bolu and has built a great number of schools, hospitals and other public buildings in the town including the campus of Abant Izzet Baysal University in the forest outside the town (founded in 1992).
- Another name you will see written in many places is Köroğlu as the mountains of Bolu are reputed to be the scene of the Epic of Köroğlu.
- Utku Varlık (born 1942) - Painter
- Deniz Sahin (born 1970) - Turkish Windsurf Champion 1989, Balkan Windsurf vice-champion 1992, businessman, entrepreneur, investor
- A number of gymnasts have trained in Bolu including:
- Murat Canbaş - European gold medal gymnast in 1986 - (b 1975 d 1994)
- Suat Çelen (born 1978) -
- Ümit Şamiloğlu
- 2nd division Boluspor football club once played in the top flight.
- Bolu Kehinde - Later moved to Christs Hospital, إنگلترة.
الهامش
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وصلات خارجية
هذه المقالة تضم نصاً من مطبوعة هي الآن مشاع: هربرمان, تشارلز, ed. (1913). الموسوعة الكاثوليكية. Robert Appleton Company. {{cite encyclopedia}}
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| بولو، تركيا
]].- Bolu - Kartalkaya Accommodation - Kartalkaya Golden Key
- Izzet Baysal University official website
- Anatolia.com - Bolu
- Pictures of the city
- Informations about Bolu city
- Bolu News
- ^ "Area of regions (including lakes), km²". Regional Statistics Database. Turkish Statistical Institute. 2002. Retrieved 2013-03-05.
- ^ "Population of province/district centers and towns/villages by districts - 2012". Address Based Population Registration System (ABPRS) Database. Turkish Statistical Institute. Retrieved 2013-02-27.
- ^ Statistical Institute
- ^ http://www.dmi.gov.tr/veridegerlendirme/il-ve-ilceler-istatistik.aspx?m=BOLU
- Short description is different from Wikidata
- Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas
- Pages using infobox settlement with unknown parameters
- CS1 errors: missing title
- Articles incorporating text from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia with no article parameter
- أقضية بولو
- منطقة البحر الأسود
- Populated places in Bolu Province
- مواقع يونانية قديمة في تركيا
- مواقع رومانية في تركيا
- بولو
- Districts of Bolu Province
- محافظة بولو
- مدن تركيا