بولو، تركيا

بولو Bolu
بلدية
درع بولو Bolu
Coat of arms
بولو Boluموقع
موقع بولو Bolu
بولو Bolu is located in تركيا
بولو Bolu
بولو Bolu
الإحداثيات: 40°44′05″N 31°36′27″E / 40.73472°N 31.60750°E / 40.73472; 31.60750
البلدتركيا
المحافظةبولو
الحكومة
 • العمدةعلاء الدين يلمظ (AKP)
المساحة
[1]
 • District1٬524٫37 كم² (588٫56 ميل²)
التعداد
 (2012)[2]
 • Urban
131٬264
 • المقاطعات
172٬355
 • كثافة المقاطعات110/km2 (290/sq mi)
الموقع الإلكترونيwww.bolu.bel.tr

بولو Bolu ‏(باليونانية: Βιθύνιον /Vithinion، باللاتينية Bithynium أو Claudiopolis) هي عاصمة محافظة بولو يبلغ عدد سكانها 131,264 نسمة (تعداد 2012).[3]

وتقع بولو على الطريق السريع القديم من اسطنبول إلى أنقرة، والذي يتسلق جبل بولو. الطريق الحديث يمر عبر نفق جبل بولو تحت البلدة.

تاريخ

كانت بولو جزءاً من أحد ممالك الحيثيين حوالي عام 2000 ق.م.، ولاحقاً في عام 500 ق.م. كانت أحد أكبر مدن مملكة بيثينيا (279 ق.م. - 79 ق.م.).


بولو اليوم

نفق جبل بولو

المناخ

Climate data for بولو (1960-2012)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 19.8
(67.6) 		20.8
(69.4) 		28.0
(82.4) 		31.8
(89.2) 		34.4
(93.9) 		37.0
(98.6) 		39.3
(102.7) 		39.8
(103.6) 		37.3
(99.1) 		34.4
(93.9) 		26.2
(79.2) 		23.5
(74.3) 		39.8
(103.6)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 5.3
(41.5) 		7.1
(44.8) 		11.3
(52.3) 		16.7
(62.1) 		21.4
(70.5) 		24.8
(76.6) 		27.4
(81.3) 		27.8
(82.0) 		24.4
(75.9) 		19.2
(66.6) 		13.2
(55.8) 		7.5
(45.5) 		17.2
(62.9)
Daily mean °C (°F) 0.7
(33.3) 		2.0
(35.6) 		5.0
(41.0) 		9.8
(49.6) 		14.0
(57.2) 		17.4
(63.3) 		19.9
(67.8) 		19.7
(67.5) 		16.1
(61.0) 		11.8
(53.2) 		6.9
(44.4) 		3.1
(37.6) 		10.5
(51.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −3.3
(26.1) 		−2.5
(27.5) 		−0.1
(31.8) 		4.0
(39.2) 		7.7
(45.9) 		10.6
(51.1) 		12.8
(55.0) 		12.9
(55.2) 		9.7
(49.5) 		6.4
(43.5) 		2.0
(35.6) 		−0.8
(30.6) 		5.0
(40.9)
Record low °C (°F) −24.3
(−11.7) 		−24.0
(−11.2) 		−17.8
(0.0) 		−10.0
(14.0) 		−2.3
(27.9) 		2.2
(36.0) 		4.4
(39.9) 		3.2
(37.8) 		0.4
(32.7) 		−5.8
(21.6) 		−19.6
(−3.3) 		−22.6
(−8.7) 		−24.3
(−11.7)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 57.7
(2.27) 		45.4
(1.79) 		52.0
(2.05) 		51.7
(2.04) 		60.1
(2.37) 		52.7
(2.07) 		31.0
(1.22) 		25.2
(0.99) 		27.1
(1.07) 		42.9
(1.69) 		45.8
(1.80) 		63.4
(2.50) 		555
(21.86)
Average precipitation days 15.4 14.4 14.8 14.0 13.8 11.6 6.4 5.6 7.1 10.2 11.6 15.4 140.3
Average snowy days 14 11 6 0.4 0 0 0 0 0 0.2 3 9 43
Mean monthly sunshine hours 34 66 100 155 196 213 244 232 185 96 54 28 1٬603
Source: Devlet Meteoroloji İşleri Genel Müdürlüğü [4]

معالم

بحيرة أبانت

The countryside around Bolu offers excellent walking and other outdoor pursuits. There are hotels in the town for visitors. Sights near the town include:

  • The 14th-century mosque, اولو جامع
  • Bolu Museum has artifacts from Hittite, Roman, Byzantine, Seljuk and Ottoman periods.
  • The hot springs kaplıcaları
  • The lake (Abant Lake) and village of Gölköy, near the university campus.
  • The famous crater lake called "Gölcük".

أشهر أبنائها

  • Antinous (c. 111 - c. 130), favourite of Roman Emperor Hadrian
  • Alexandru Callimachi (1737–1821), Prince of Moldavia
  • The industrialist and philanthropist Izzet Baysal was born in Bolu and has built a great number of schools, hospitals and other public buildings in the town including the campus of Abant Izzet Baysal University in the forest outside the town (founded in 1992).
  • Another name you will see written in many places is Köroğlu as the mountains of Bolu are reputed to be the scene of the Epic of Köroğlu.
  • Utku Varlık (born 1942) - Painter
  • Deniz Sahin (born 1970) - Turkish Windsurf Champion 1989, Balkan Windsurf vice-champion 1992, businessman, entrepreneur, investor
  • A number of gymnasts have trained in Bolu including:
  • 2nd division Boluspor football club once played in the top flight.
  • Bolu Kehinde - Later moved to Christs Hospital, إنگلترة.

الهامش

قالب:المراجع


وصلات خارجية

 هذه المقالة تضم نصاً من مطبوعة هي الآن مشاع: هربرمان, تشارلز, ed. (1913). الموسوعة الكاثوليكية. Robert Appleton Company. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |1=, |coauthors=, and |month= (help); Invalid |ref=harv (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)

مشاع المعرفة فيه ميديا متعلقة بموضوع [[commons: Category:بولو، تركيا

| بولو، تركيا

]].
  1. ^ "Area of regions (including lakes), km²". Regional Statistics Database. Turkish Statistical Institute. 2002. Retrieved 2013-03-05.
  2. ^ "Population of province/district centers and towns/villages by districts - 2012". Address Based Population Registration System (ABPRS) Database. Turkish Statistical Institute. Retrieved 2013-02-27.
  3. ^ Statistical Institute
  4. ^ http://www.dmi.gov.tr/veridegerlendirme/il-ve-ilceler-istatistik.aspx?m=BOLU
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