بلدية

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البلدية municipality، هو تقسيم اداري يتألف من منطقة يقطنها مجموعة محددة من السكان. وقد تكون البلدية عبارة عن؛ مدينة، بلدة، أو قرية، أو مجموعة مترابطة من المدن والقرى تندرج تحت تقسيم اداري أكبر مثل الولاية.

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الهياكل الحكومية للبلديات كتقسيم أقل

في ألبانيا, a municipality is either part of a city (bashki) or a province (komunë).
في الجزائر، البلدية هي جزء من الدائرة، والدائرة جزء من الولاية، ويوجد بالجزائر 1,541 بلدية.
في الأرجنتين, a municipality (municipalidad) is the institution in charge of local administration. The provinces organize the municipalities for each city in their territories according to their own municipal regime.
في أستراليا, municipalities are subdivisions of a state or territory. (See Local Government Areas in Australia).
في النمسا, a municipality (Gemeinde) is part of a district (Bezirk), which is in turn part of a state (Bundesland).
في بنگلادش, a municipality (Paurashava) is part of a upazila or subdistrict, which is in turn part of a district.
في بلجيكا, a municipality (gemeente/commune) is either part of a province (provincie/province) or of the Brussels-Capital Region
في بوليڤيا, a municipality (municipio) is part of a province, which is part of a departamento.
في البوسنة والهرسك, a municipality (općina or opština) is part of a canton (kanton)
في البرازيل, states (estados) are directly divided into municipalities (municípios), and the latter are the smallest political-administrative divisions; there is no equivalent to a county level. A city (cidade) is defined in Brazilian law as the urban seat of a municipality, and a municipality always has the same name as the corresponding city. Brazilian law establishes no difference between cities and towns; all it takes for an urban settlement to be called a "city" is to be the seat of a municipality, and some are very small. Other settlements have no form of local government and are under the authority of the municipality they are in, although in some cases the municipal government may set up local administrative offices there. The Federal District (the area of the national capital city, Brasília) has special status and is not divided into municipalities. The Fernando de Noronha and St. Peter and St. Paul archipelagos together comprise a unique case of a "state district" under the direct administration of the state government of Pernambuco. Apart from these exceptions, all land in Brazil, even the remotest wilderness areas, is in the territory of some municipality, and hence technically under the jurisdiction of a "city." No point in the country is in a non-incorporated area, and this is why some municipalities in sparsely populated areas such as the Amazon region can be larger than many sovereign countries.

في بلغاريا, a municipality (بالبلغارية: община) is the smallest regional administrative division and is part of a province. There are 264 municipalities grouped in 28 provinces in Bulgaria.
في كندا, a municipality (or local municipality) is a city, town, village, township or borough, or a combination of several cities, boroughs or townships, incorporated to form one municipality. A region (or regional municipality) is a district, county or (formerly) metropolis which has been incorporated by statute by the legislature of the province or territory. It is also a specific designation for certain municipalities in Nova Scotia, Ontario, and Quebec. Certain areas of Manitoba and Saskatchewan are designated as rural municipalities. Equivalent areas in Alberta are designated as municipal districts, those in Ontario are called townships, and some in British Columbia are designated as district municipalities.
في تشيلي, a municipality (municipalidad) is a legal entity which administers one or more communes (comuna) which are the third-level division of the country. The first division are regions which a next divided into provinces (provincia). These provinces are next divided into comunas which are assigned to a municipality for administration. In most cases the municipality and the comuna have the same name, but the constitution permits a single municipality to be responsible for more than one commune.
في كولومبيا, a municipality (municipio) is part of a department (departamento). It is also subdivided into Corregimientos and Veredas.
In Croatia, a municipality (općina) is part of a county (županija)
In the Czech Republic, a municipality (obec) is part of a kraj (kraj)
في الدنمارك, a municipality (kommune) is part of a region. Counties (amter) were abandoned in Denmark on January 1, 2007.
في جمهورية الدومنيكان a municipality (municipio) is a subdivision of a province (see municipalities of the Dominican Republic).
في إستونيا, a municipality (omavalitsus) is the smallest division of local government. Municipalities can be both towns (linn) and parishes (vald).
في فنلندا, a municipality (kunta / kommun) co-operates with municipalities nearby in a sub-region (seutukunta / region) and region (maakunta / landskap). A municipality can freely call itself a "city" (kaupunki / stad).
في فرنسا, a municipality (commune) is part of a department (département) which is part of a region (région)
في ألمانيا, a municipality (Gemeinde) is part of a district (Kreis). Larger entities of the same level are called towns (Stadt). In less populated regions, municipalities are often put together into collective municipalities (Verbandsgemeinde)
في اليونان, a municipality is either demos (δήμος, pl. δήμοι) or kinotita (κοινότητα, pl. κοινότητες) with lesser population, which are then part of a prefecture (nomos, νομός) and then a larger region known as a periphery (περιφέρεια, pl. περιφέρειες). Municipalities are third-level administrative divisions and their heads (mayors in demi, presidents in kinotites) are appointed via popular vote held every four years.
في هايتي, a municipality (commune) is part of an arrondissement, which is part of a department (département).
في هندوراس, the municipality (municipio) was in 1895 originally the subdivision of the district (distrito), but as districts have fallen into disuse, it is now the subdivision of the department (departamento). There are 298 municipalities. (See Municipalities of Honduras.)
في المجر, a municipality (települési önkormányzat) is part of a county (megye). There were 3,168 municipalities in 2005.
في آيسلندا,a municipality is a town concil. It can also be a village with population from 300 to 18,000 people. (see Municipalities of Iceland)
في الهند, a municipality (Nagar palika) is often referred to as a town. It is neither a village nor a big city. Usually, a municipality would have 20,000 or more people, but if it exceeds 500,000 it becomes a municipal corporation.
في إسرائيل, a municipality generally takes one of three forms: city councils, which governs a large municipality, local councils, which governs a small municipality, and regional councils, which governs a group of communities, often but not necessarily of a rural nature.
في ايطاليا, a comune is part of a province (provincia) which is part of a region (regione). The term "municipality" is reserved for subdivisions of larger comuni (in particular, the comune of Rome).
في اليابان, a municipality is the sphere of government within the prefectures, the sub-division of the state.
في كنيا, a municipality is one of four types of local authorities. Nearly 50 major towns are given the municipality status.
في لاتڤيا, a municipality (sing.:novads, plur.:novadi) is part of a district (sing.:rajons, plur.:rajoni). A municipality normally consists of amalgated parishes (sing.:pagasts, plur.:pagasti).
في لبنان، البلدية هي جزء من القضاء والقضاء جزء من المحافظة.
في ليبيا،، التقسيم الاداري المساوي للبلديات هو المؤتمر الشعبي. وتنقسم المدن الكبرى إلى مجموعة من المؤتمرات الشعبية.
في ليتوانيا, a municipality (savivaldybė) is a part of a district (apskritis) and is subdivided into elderates (seniūnija).
In Luxembourg, communes are the lowest divisions.
في المكسيك, a municipality (municipio) is a subdivision of a state (estado) and a borough (delegación) is a subdivision of the Federal District (see municipalities of Mexico and boroughs of the Mexican Federal District).
في هولندا, a municipality (gemeente) is part of a province (provincie).
في نيوزيلنده, a municipality is part of either a "city" (mostly urban) or a "district" (mostly rural). The term "municipality" has become rare in New Zealand since about 1979 and has no legal status.
في نيكاراگوا, a municipality (municipio) is subdivision of a department (departamento) or of one of the two Autonomous Regions, Región Autónoma del Atlántico Norte and Región Autónoma del Atlántico Sur.
في النرويج, a municipality (kommune) is part of a county (fylke). There are 430 municipalities in Norway (2009).
في السلطة الوطنية الفلسطينية, البلديات المناطق التي يصل عدد سكانها إلى أكثر من 4,000 نسمة ولديها 13-15 عضو مجلس. ويوجد في فلسطين 105 بلدية.
في پاكستان, municipalities are subdivisions of a district. (See Local government in Pakistan).
في پاراگواي, a municipality (municipalidad) is part of a departament (departamento).
في پيرو, a municipality (municipio) is another term for district (distrito) and is the lower-level administrative subdivision. It is part of a province (provincia), which is part of a department (departamento). As of 2002 a department is now called a region (región).
في الفلپين, a municipality (bayan or munisipyo) is a town with a popularly elected administration including a mayor and is part of a province (lalawigan) (except for the independent municipality of Pateros, Metro Manila in the National Capital Region). Municipalities are not the smallest division of local government and are composed of barangays.
في بولندا, a municipality (gmina) is a part of a county (powiat).
In Portuguese language usage, there are two words to distinguish the territory and the administrative organ. When referring to the territory, the word concelho is used, when referring to the organ of State, the word município is used. This differentiation is still in use in Portugal and some of its former overseas provinces, but it’s no longer in use in Brazil. In Portugal, a municipality is a directly elected local area authority generally consisting of a main city or town and surrounding villages, with wide-ranging local administration powers. Apart from the municipality of Corvo, however, concelhos are not the smallest administrative unit in Portugal, that being the freguesia (civil parish). For central government purposes, Portuguese municipalities are grouped into districts (distritos).
In پوِرتو ريكو, a municipality (municipio) is a town or city with a popularly elected administration, including a mayor.
In Romania, a municipality (municipiu) is a town or a city ranked by law at this level. A commune is the lowest subdivision of a judeţ.
In روسيا, several types of municipalities ("municipal formations") exist; see subdivisions of Russia
In San Marino, there are also eight minor municipalities, castelli.
In Serbia, a municipality (opština) is part of a district (okrug)
In Slovakia, a municipality (obec) is part of a district (okres). There are 2,891 municipalities in the country.
In Slovenia, a municipality (občina) is part of a region (regija). There are 210 municipalities in the country.
In South Africa, district municipalities and metropolitan municipalities are subdivisions of the provinces, and local municipalities are subdivisions of district municipalities.
In Sweden, a municipality (kommun) is part of a county (län). There are 290 municipalities in the country.
In Switzerland, a municipality (commune/Gemeinde/comune) is part of a canton (canton/Kanton/cantone) and defined by cantonal law.
In Ukraine there are two types of municipalities (or rada - council): urban and rural. Both are types of lower administrative division in the country. Urban municipalities sometimes carry special status: national, oblast, and raion. Those are complex municipalities that almost always consist of several other smaller ones. Bigger urban municipalities are divided into number of urban raions. Rural municipalities are much smaller and often are part of a raion. Such municipality may combine several villages and rural settlements.
In the United Arab Emirates, a municipality is part of an emirate, and is defined by the law of the specific emirates.
In the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the term "municipality" is rarely used and the municipal level of government used in other countries shares characteristics with (but is not identical to) the civil parish, town, city, borough, district, and/or unitary authority, depending on the location. The term "municipal" is used to refer to things pertaining to the government of a town or city.
In the الولايات المتحدة, the entities that have status as a municipality vary from state to state. Cities, towns, boroughs, or villages are common terms for municipalities. Townships, counties, and parishes are not generally considered to be municipalities, although there are exceptions. In some states, towns have a non-municipal status similar to townships. Likewise, some townships have full municipal status.
In تركيا, a municipality is a local government authority and there are two types of municipalities: metropolitan municipality, district municipality.
In Venezuela, a municipality (municipio) is part of a state, as well as a subdivision of the Capital District (estado).

البلديات كتقسيم اداري من المستوى الأول

في الصين, a direct-controlled municipality (直辖市 in pinyin: zhíxiáshì) is a city with equal status to a province: Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing (see Municipality of China)
في تايوان، a municipality (直轄市 in Wade-Giles: chi-hsia-shih) is a city with equal status to a province: Taipei and Kaohsiung. (see Municipalities of Taiwan)
في جيرسي, a municipality refers to the honorary officials elected to run each of the 12 Parishes into which it is subdivided. This is the highest level of regional government in this jurisdiction.
في مقدونيا, 84 municipalities (opštini; singular: opština) were established in 2004, reduced from 123 created in 1996.
في البرتغال, a municipality (município/concelho) is the primary local administrative unit. Although it is a part of a district (distrito) for certain national administrative purposes, the municipality is not subordinate to the district and decentralization is doing away with the districts. A municipality contains one or more freguesias.
في پورتو ريكو, there are no first order administrative divisions, and the municipalities (municipio) serves as second-order, but first level, administrative divisions.
In Montenegro, a municipality (opština) is the topmost regional division
في سلوڤنيا, a municipality (občina) is the primary local administrative unit. There are 210 of them, 11 of which have a special "Urban" status with additional autonomy.
في إسپانيا, a municipality (municipio) is the primary local administrative unit. It is a part of a province (provincia) for all national administrative purposes. In the Galicia region, the municipalities are called concellos, and in the Principality of Asturias region, a municipality is called conceyu. In these two regions a municipality contains one or more parroquias. See municipalities of Spain.

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