نوڤا سكوشا

هذا المقال هو عن the province in Canada. إذا كنت تريد الاستخدامات الأخرى، انظر نوڤا سكوشا (توضيح).

نوڤا سكوشا New Scotland (إنگليزية) Nouvelle-Écosse (فرنسية)
Province
Flag Coat of arms
الشعار:  Munit Hæc et Altera Vincit (لاتينية: One defends and the other conquers)
BC AB SK MB ON QC NB PE NS NL YT NT NU
الإحداثيات: 45°00′00″N 62°59′58″W
البلد	كندا
Confederation	1 July 1867 (1st, with Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick)
العاصمة	Halifax
Largest city	Halifax
Largest metro	Halifax
الحكومة
• النوع	Constitutional monarchy
• Lieutenant Governor	Arthur LeBlanc
• Premier	Iain Rankin (Liberal)
Legislature	Nova Scotia House of Assembly
التمثيل الاتحادي	Parliament of Canada
المقاعد بمجلس العموم	11 of 338 (3.3%)
المقاعد بمجلس الشيوخ	10 of 105 (9.5%)
المساحة
• الإجمالي	55٬284 كم² (21٬345 ميل²)
• البر	52٬942 كم² (20٬441 ميل²)
• الماء	2٬342 كم² (904 ميل²)  4.2%
ترتيب المساحة	Ranked 12th
	0.6% of Canada
التعداد  (2016)
• الإجمالي	923٬598
• Estimate  (2021 Q1)	979٬449
• الترتيب	Ranked 7th
• الكثافة	17٫45/km2 (45٫2/sq mi)
صفة المواطن	Nova Scotian, Bluenoser
Official languages	English (de facto)
GDP
• Rank	7th
• Total (2016)	قالب:CAD billion
• Per capita	قالب:CAD (12th)
HDI
• HDI (2018)	0.895 — Very high (11th)
منطقة التوقيت	UTC-04:00 (Atlantic)
Postal abbr.	NS
Postal code prefix	B
ISO 3166 code	CA-NS
Flower	Mayflower
Tree	Red spruce
Bird	Osprey
Rankings include all provinces and territories

مقاطعة نوڤا سكوشا (Nova Scotia ؛ /ˌnoʊvə ˈskoʊʃə/ NOH-və SKOH-shə) هي واحدة من ثلاثة عشر مقاطعة وإقليم في كندا. It is one of the three Maritime provinces and one of the four Atlantic provinces. Nova Scotia is Latin for "New Scotland". Most of the population are native English-speakers.

With a population of 923,598 as of 2016, it is the most populous of Canada's four Atlantic provinces. It is the country's second-most densely populated province and second-smallest province by area, both after neighbouring Prince Edward Island. Its area of 55,284 square kilometres (21,345 sq mi) includes Cape Breton Island and 3,800 other coastal islands. The peninsula that makes up Nova Scotia's mainland is connected to the rest of North America by the Isthmus of Chignecto, on which the province's land border with New Brunswick is located. The province borders the Bay of Fundy to the west and the Atlantic Ocean to the south and east, and is separated from Prince Edward Island and the island of Newfoundland by the Northumberland and Cabot straits, respectively.

The land that comprises what is now Nova Scotia has been inhabited by the indigenous Miꞌkmaq people for thousands of years. In 1605, Acadia, France's first New France colony, was founded with the creation of Acadia's capital, Port-Royal. Britain fought France for the territory on numerous occasions for over a century afterwards. The Fortress of Louisbourg was a key focus point in the battle for control. Following the Great Upheaval (1755-1763) where the British deported the Acadians in mass, the Conquest of New France (1758-1760) by the British, and the Treaty of Paris (1763), France had to surrender Acadia to the British Empire. During the American Revolutionary War, thousands of Loyalists settled in Nova Scotia. In 1848, Nova Scotia became the first British colony to achieve responsible government, and it federated in July 1867 with New Brunswick and the Province of Canada (now Ontario and Quebec) to form what is now the country of Canada.

Nova Scotia's capital and largest city is Halifax, which today is home to about 45 percent of the province's population. Halifax is the thirteenth-largest census metropolitan area in Canada, the largest city in Atlantic Canada, and Canada's second-largest coastal city after Vancouver.

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 أصل الاسم

للمزيد من المعلومات: أصل اسم اسكتلندا

"Nova Scotia" means "New Scotland" in Latin and is the recognized English-language name for the province. In both French and Scottish Gaelic, the province is directly translated as "New Scotland" (French: Nouvelle-Écosse. Gaelic: Alba Nuadh). In general, Romance and Slavic languages use a direct translation of "New Scotland", while most other languages use direct transliterations of the Latin / English name.

The province was first named in the 1621 Royal Charter granting to Sir William Alexander in 1632 the right to settle lands including modern Nova Scotia, Cape Breton Island, Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick and the Gaspé Peninsula.

 التاريخ

During the colonial period, Nova Scotia issued its own postage stamps printed in England. This distinctive diamond shape (issued between 1851 and 1857) was also used by neighbouring New Brunswick.

Nova Scotia stamp issued 1860.

 الجغرافيا

•  مقالة مفصلة: جغرافيا نوڤا سكوشا

انظر أيضاً: List of provincial parks in Nova Scotia and List of protected areas of Nova Scotia

تبلغ مساحة الولاية حوالي 55,000 كيلومترا مربعا، وسكانها حوالي مليون نسمة، وعاصمتها مدينة هاليفاكس، وأهم مدنها دارتموت، وسيدني، ومينز. تكثر بالولاية السهول المتموجة ، والأراض الصالحة للزراعة.

 المناخ

مناخها أحسن حالاً من داخل كندا بسبب المؤثرات البحرية، فالصيف دافيء تطول مدته وهذا أعطى مجالا للإنتاج الزراعي. تقدر مساحة غاباتها لحوالي 15,555 كيلو مترا مربعا، وقدر إنتاجها من الأسماك بحوالي 263 مليون دولار سنوي، وبلغ إجمالي الناتج المحلي للمقاطعة حوالي 31 مليار دولار أمريكي.

 الإقتصاد

إنَّ صناعة الخدمات هي النشاط الاقتصادي الأساسي في نوفا سكوتيا وتشمل: التعليم، والحكومة، والفنادق، والمطاعم، كما أن صناعة الأغذية هامة لاقتصاد المقاطعة. وتحتل نوفا سكوتيا مركز الصدارة بين المقاطعات في تعدين الجبس، وتحتل المركز الثالث في إنتاج الفحم الحجري والملح.

 الحكومة والسياسة

Halifax, provincial capital

 التعليم

A satellite photo of Nova Scotia.

 السكان والثقافة

 احصائيات السكان

Top Ten Counties by Population

County	2001	2006
Halifax (county)	359,183	372,858
Cape Breton (county)	109,330	105,928
Kings County	58,866	60,035
Colchester County	49,307	50,023
Lunenburg County	47,591	47,150
Pictou County	46,965	46,513
Hants County	40,513	41,182
Cumberland County	32,605	32,046
Yarmouth County	26,843	26,277
Annapolis County	21,773	21,438

 اللغات

Rank	Language	Respondants	Percentage
1.	English	832,105	92.53%
2.	French	32,540	3.62%
3.	Arabic	4,425	0.49%
4.	Mi'kmaq	4,060	0.45%
5.	German	4,045	0.45%
6.	Chinese	3,370	0.37%
7.	Dutch	2,440	0.27%
8.	Polish	1,570	0.17%
9.	Spanish	1,305	0.15%
10.	Greek	1,035	0.12%
11.	Italian	905	0.10%
12.	Korean	860	0.10%
13.	Gaelic	799	0.10%

Peggys Cove Harbour

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 السياحة

The lighthouse situated on Peggys Point, immediately south of Peggys Cove.

 وصلات خارجية

 الوصلات الرسمية

• Government of Nova Scotia
• Nova Scotia - Come To Life (Main gateway website for tourism, immigration, business, etc. links)
• Tourism Nova Scotia
• Nova Scotia Provincial Parks
• Complete government directory
• Nova Scotia current weather
• Nova Scotia Climate

 المصادر

• الأقليات المسلمة في الأمريكتين والبحر الكاريبي – سيد عبد المجيد بكر .

 منذ عام 1900

• Beck, J. Murray. Politics of Nova Scotia. vol 2: 1896-1988. Tantallon, N.S.: Four East 1985 438 pp.
• Bickerton, James P. Nova Scotia, Ottawa and the Politics of Regional Development. U. of Toronto Press 1990. 412 pp.
• Creighton, Wilfred. Forestkeeping: A History of the Department of Lands and Forests in Nova Scotia, 1926-1969. Halifax: Nova Scotia Dept. of Lands and Forests, 1988. 155 pp.
• Earle, Michael, ed. Workers and the State in Twentieth Century Nova Scotia. Fredericton: Acadiensis, 1989.
• Frank, David. J. B. McLachlan: A Biography - the Story of a Legendary Labour Leader and the Cape Breton Coal Miners. Toronto: Lorimer, 1999. 592 pp.
• Fraser, Dawn. Echoes from Labor's Wars: The Expanded Edition, Industrial Cape Breton in the 1920's, Echoes of World War One, Autobiography and Other Writings. Wreck Cove, N.S.: Breton Books, 1992. 177 pp.
• McKay, Ian. The Quest of the Folk: Antimodernism and Cultural Selection in Twentieth-Century Nova Scotia. McGill-Queen's U. Pr., 1994. 371 pp.
• McKay, Ian. The Craft Transformed: An Essay on the Carpenters of Halifax, 1885-1985. Halifax, N.S.: Holdfast, 1985. 148 pp.
• March, William DesB. Red Line: The Chronicle-Herald and Mail-Star, 1875-1954. Halifax, N.S.: Chebucto Agencies, 1986. 415 pp.
• Morton, Suzanne. Ideal Surroundings: Domestic Life in a Working-Class Suburb in the 1920s. U. of Toronto Pr., 1995. 201 pp. about Richmond Heights
• Sandberg, L. Anders and Clancy, Peter. Against the Grain: Foresters and Politics in Nova Scotia. U. of British Columbia Pr., 2000. 352 pp.
• Sandberg, L. Anders, ed. Trouble in the Woods: Forest Policy and Social Conflict in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. Fredericton, N.B.: Acadiensis, 1992. 234 pp.

 قبل عام 1900

• Beck, J. Murray. Joseph Howe Volumes I & II : Conservative Reformer 1804-1848; The Briton Becomes Canadian 1848-1873 (1984)
• Beck, J. Murray. Politics of Nova Scotia. vol 1 1710-1896 Tantallon, N.S.: Four East 1985 438 pp.
• Bell, Winthrop P. The "Foreign Protestants" and the Settlement of Nova Scotia: The History of a Piece of Arrested British Colonial Policy in the Eighteenth Century. (1961). reprint Fredericton, N.B.: Acadiensis for Mount Allison U., Cen. for Can. Studies, 1990. 673 pp.
• Brebner, John Bartlet. New England's Outpost. Acadia before the Conquest of Canada (1927)
• Brebner, John Bartlet. The Neutral Yankees of Nova Scotia: A Marginal Colony During the Revolutionary Years (1937)
• Byers, Mary and McBurney, Margaret. Atlantic Hearth: Early Homes and Families of Nova Scotia. U. of Toronto Press, 1994. 364 pp.
• Campey, Lucille H. After the Hector: The Scottish Pioneers of Nova Scotia and Cape Breton Toronto: Natural Heritage Books, 2004. 376 pp.
• J. A. Chisholm, ed. Speeches and Public Letters of Joseph Howe 2 vol Halifax, 1909
• Conrad, Margaret and Moody, Barry, ed. Planter Links: Community and Culture in Colonial Nova Scotia. Fredericton, : Acadiensis, 2001. 236 pp.
• Conrad, Margaret, ed. Intimate Relations: Family and Community in Planter Nova Scotia, 1759-1800. Fredericton, : Acadiensis, 1995. 298 pp.
• Conrad, Margaret, ed. Making Adjustments: Change and Continuity in Planter Nova Scotia, 1759-1800. Fredericton: Acadiensis, 1991. 280 pp.
• Cuthbertson, Brian. Johnny Bluenose at the Polls: Epic Nova Scotian Election Battles, 1758-1848. Halifax: Formac, 1994. 344 pp.
• Donald A. Desserud; "Outpost's Response: The Language and Politics of Moderation in Eighteenth-Century Nova Scotia" American Review of Canadian Studies, Vol. 29, 1999 online
• Faragher, John Mack. A Great and Noble Scheme: The Tragic Story of the Expulsion of the French Acadians from Their American Homeland (2006)
• Frost, James D. Merchant Princes: Halifax's First Family of Finance, Ships, and Steel Toronto: Lorimer, 2003. 376 pp.
• Gwyn, Julian. Excessive Expectations: Maritime Commerce and the Economic Development of Nova Scotia, 1740-1870 McGill-Queen's U. Pr., 1998. 291 pp.
• Hornsby, Stephen J. Nineteenth-Century Cape Breton: A Historical Geography. McGill-Queen's U. Pr., 1992. 274 pp.
• Johnston, A. J. B. Control and Order in French Colonial Louisbourg, 1713-1758. Michigan State U. Pr., 2001. 346 pp.
• Krause, Eric; Corbin, Carol; and O'Shea, William, ed. Aspects of Louisbourg: Essays on the History of an Eighteenth-Century French Community in North America. Sydney, N.S.: U. Coll. of Cape Breton Pr., 1995. 312 pp.
• Lanctôt, Léopold. L'Acadie des Origines, 1603-1771 Montreal: Fleuve, 1988. 234 pp.
• McKay, Ian. The Craft Transformed: An Essay on the Carpenters of Halifax, 1885-1985. Halifax, N.S.: Holdfast, 1985. 148 pp.
• MacKinnon, Neil. This Unfriendly Soil: The Loyalist Experience in Nova Scotia, 1783-1791. McGill-Queen's U. Pr., 1986. 231 pp.
• Mancke, Elizabeth. The Fault Lines of Empire: Political Differentiation in Massachusetts and Nova Scotia, ca. 1760-1830 Routledge, 2005. 214 pp. online
• Marble, Allan Everett. Surgeons, Smallpox, and the Poor: A History of Medicine and Social Conditions in Nova Scotia, 1749-1799. McGill-Queen's U. Pr., 1993. 356 pp.
• Pryke, Kenneth G. Nova Scotia and Confederation, 1864-74 (1979) (ISBN 0-8020-5389-0)
• Reid, John G. et al. The "Conquest" of Acadia, 1710: Imperial, Colonial, and Aboriginal Constructions. U. of Toronto Pr., 2004. 297 pp.
• Waite, P. B. The Lives of Dalhousie University. Vol. 1: 1818-1925, Lord Dalhousie's College. McGill-Queen's U. Pr., 1994. 338 pp.
• Walker, James W. St. G. The Black Loyalists: The Search for a Promised Land in Nova Scotia and Sierra Leone, 1783-1870. (1976). reprint U. of Toronto Pr., 1992. 438 pp
• Whitelaw, William Menzies; The Maritimes and Canada before Confederation (1934) online

 الهوامش

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 وصلات خارجية

• Government of Nova Scotia
• نوڤا سكوشا at Curlie