إعصار ميلتون Hurricane Milton

إعصار ميلتون
Milton 2024-10-07 1920Z.jpg
ميلتون يقترب من ذروته شمال شبه جزيرة يوكاتان في 7 أكتوبر.
تاريخ الأرصاد الجوية
التشكُل5 أكتوبر 2024 (2024-10-05)
Category 5 major hurricane
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/NWS)
Highest winds155
Lowest pressure897 mbar (hPa); 26.49 inHg
التبعات الإجمالية
الضحايا2+[أ]
الجرحى3+ (بأسباب غير مباشرة)
الأضرارUnknown
المناطق المتأثرةشمال المكسيك، شبه جزيرة يوكاتان، جزر الأنتيل الكبرى، (كوبا)، شمال شرق الولايات المتحدة (خاصة جورجيا وفلوريدا)، البهاماز
Part of the موسم أعاصير الأطلسي 2024

الإعصار ميلتون (Hurricane Milton)، هو إعصار مداري قوي للغاية يؤثر حالياً على ولاية فلوريدا الأمريكية، بعد أقل من أسبوعين من تدمير الإعصار هلين لمنطقة بگ باند في الولاية.[1] وهو العاصفة الثالثة عشر المسماة، والإعصار التاسع، والإعصار الكبير الرابع، وثاني إعصار من الفئة الخامسةفي موسم أعاصير الأطلسي 2024. تشكل الإعصار ميلتون من اضطراب مداري طويل الأمد نشأ في غرب البحر الكاريبي وتوطد في خليج كامپتشى في 5 أكتوبر. ثم خضعت العاصفة لتكثف متفجر، وأصبحت إعصاراً من الفئة الخامسة في 7 أكتوبر. في ذروة شدتها، كان الأعصار خامس أشد إعصار في المحيط الأطلسي على الإطلاق، وهي أقوى إعصار مداري في العالم عام 2024.[2] ضعفت قوة ميلتون مرة أخرى إلى الفئة الرابعة بعد خضوعه لدورة استبدال جدار العين قبل استعادة قوته وتحوله إلى إعصار من الفئة الخامسة مرة أخرى.[3][4]

قبل الإعصار، أعلنت فلوريدا حالة الطوارئ، وأُمر السكان بالإخلاء، مما أدى إلى واحدة من أكبر عمليات الإجلاء المسجلة في فلوريدا. وعلى الرغم من عدم توقع أن يضرب شبه جزيرة يوكاتان المكسيكية، إلا أن اقتراب الإعصار القوي دفع الناس القريبين من الساحل إلى الاستعداد للعاصفة. وحتى 9 أكتوبر، تسبب الإعصار ميلتون في وفاة شخصين على الأقل حتى الآن. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، كان هذا الإعصار المداري مسؤولاً عن اندلاع الأعاصير في فلوريدا.


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تاريخ الأرصاد

خريطة توقـِّع مسار وشدة العاصفة، حسب مقياس سفير-سمپسون للأعاصير

National Hurricane Center (NHC) first outlined an area for possible development in the western Caribbean Sea on September 26.[5] As gradual development ensued, a broad area of low pressure then formed in the western Caribbean which produced disorganized showers and thunderstorms,[6] before degenerating into an open trough two days later.[7] The disturbance then interacted with the remnants of Tropical Depression Eleven-E in the Eastern Pacific Ocean and a stationary front,[8] and consolidated in the Bay of Campeche. By October 4,[9] it showed more signs of development, becoming designated as Invest 92L. The next day, as associated showers and thunderstorms organized further,[10] it was upgraded by the NHC into Tropical Depression Fourteen.[11] The depression was upgraded to Tropical Storm Milton less than three hours later as satellite wind data indicated the storm was producing gale-force winds.[12] Gradual strengthening took place as the system moved erratically in the Bay of Campeche due to weak steering currents. A developing mid-level trough over the Central United States helped to eventually steer Milton eastward across the Gulf of Mexico. A small storm, Milton's radius of maximum winds (RMW) was only 30 nautical miles (56 km) in radius.[13] Spiral banding and consistent bursts of convection continued through the early morning of October 6.[14]

أقوى أعاصير الأطلسي
الترتيب الإعصار الموسم الضغط
hPa inHg
1 ويلما 2005 882 26.05
2 گلبرت 1988 888 26.23
3 "عيد العمال" 1935 892 26.34
4 ريتا 2005 895 26.43
5 آلن 1980 899 26.55
6 كاميل 1969 900 26.58
7 كاترينا 2005 902 26.64
8 ميتش 1998 905 26.73
دين 2007
10 ماريا 2017 908 26.81
المصدر: HURDAT[15]

By the afternoon of October 6, Hurricane Hunters had found that Milton had intensified into a hurricane, with an intermittent eye feature appearing.[16] Overnight, Milton began to undergo a period of explosive intensification, enabled by highly favorable environmental conditions consisting of very warm sea surface temperatures (SSTs) near 31 °C (88 °F), high mid-level relative humidity values and low wind shear. As it did so, a pinhole eye measuring 4 nautical miles (7.4 km) soon developed within very deep convection of around −80 °C (−112 °F),[17] becoming a major hurricane and soon after a Category 5 hurricane, by 11:00 UTC and 16:00 UTC respectively on October 7,[18][19] making it the second Category 5 hurricane of the season. Milton eventually reached its peak intensity at 00:00 UTC on October 8 with maximum sustained winds of 180 mph (285 km/h) and a minimum central pressure of 897 mbar (26.49 inHg) – the most intense since Wilma in 2005 and making Milton the fifth-most intense Atlantic hurricane on record.[20][2][21] In the 24-hour period from 00:00 UTC October 7 to 00:00 UTC October 8, the pressure fell from 981 mb (28.97 inHg) to 897 mbar (26.49 inHg), a drop of 84 mb (2.48 inHg), while the winds increased by 90 mph (145 km/h). This was also the third-fastest period of rapid intensification in the Atlantic after Wilma and Hurricane Felix, and the fastest in the Gulf of Mexico.[22]

After peaking in intensity, further strengthening was halted by an eyewall replacement cycle, causing the storm to weaken, falling to Category 4 intensity later that night.[23][24][25] Afterwards, a larger eye became increasingly well-defined, and Milton re-achieved Category 5 intensity by the afternoon of October 8,[4] by which time the hurricane had undergone a second round of rapid deepening to a secondary peak with winds of 165 mph (270 km/h) and a pressure of 902 mbar (26.64 inHg) at 00:00 UTC on October 9.[26] By this time, Milton had begun to turn towards the northeast and accelerate from the trough steering it towards Florida.[4] The following day on October 9, unfavorable conditions began to take their toll on Milton, falling below Category 5 intensity early that morning.[27] The eye of the hurricane became cloud-filled and increasingly ill-defined while the convection became more ragged-looking as strong southwesterly wind shear of 30–35 kn (35–40 mph) overtook the hurricane.[28]


الاستعدادات

المكسيك

A tropical storm watch was issued by the Mexican government on October 6 for the northern coast of the Yucatán Peninsula, from Celestún to Cancún.[29][30] It was later upgraded to tropical storm warnings and hurricane watches the same day.[31][32] The next day, they evolved into hurricane warnings.[33][34] Voluntary evacuations occurred on Holbox, with Governor Mara Lezama aiding in the evacuations on the island.[35] The Comisión Federal de Electricidad mobilized hundreds of works and pieces of equipment to be placed in Campeche, Yucatán, and Quintana Roo in preparation for Milton.[36] The Secretariat of the Navy announced that the Navy would be distributed around affected regions for distribution of resources.[36]

Panic buying was observed in Mérida ahead of the storm.[37] Non-essential government services were suspended in parts of the Yucatán as Milton rapidly intensified on October 7. This included the suspension of public transportation.[38] All schools were ordered to close in Yucatán along with all ports by Governor Joaquín Díaz Mena.[39]

الولايات المتحدة

فلوريدا

Emergency shoulder use (left shoulder only) on eastbound Interstate 4 near Lakeland on October 7

Hurricane and tropical storm warnings were declared for the Florida West Coast on October 7.[40] Nearly 15 million people across Florida were under flood watches ahead of Milton's arrival.[41] On October 5, Florida Governor Ron DeSantis declared a state of emergency.[42] President Joe Biden approved an emergency declaration for the state two days later.[41] The governor requested for the Florida Department of Transportation and the Florida Division of Emergency Management to aid in the coordination of resources.[43] Governor DeSantis suspended tolls on many roads in Western Florida, including Florida's Turnpike. DeSantis also issued an executive order on October 5 requiring debris management sites and landfills located within all counties impacted by Hurricane Helene to remain open 24/7 until conditions deteriorate in order to help facilitate the quick removal of debris in anticipation of Milton making landfall in the state. The order also increased the number of Florida National Guardsmen working on debris removal from 800 to 4,000 to try and prevent the debris becoming a hazard ahead of Milton's anticipated landfall.[44][45] Dump trucks have also been deployed to help remove mounds of debris.[46] Sandbagging sites opened across Florida.[47] Schools across the state closed in anticipation for Milton.[48] Marion County opened up numerous schools as emergency shelters.[49] There were many school systems across the state that cancelled classes or were closed, including the University of Central Florida and Florida Gulf Coast University.[50][51] Rollins College evacuated campus.[52]

Amtrak suspended its Silver Service between Jacksonville and Miami from October 7 to 11 and cancelled the Auto Train from October 8 to 10.[53] Many airports throughout the state, particularly in Central and Southwest Florida, will be closed as a result of Milton, including Tampa International Airport, Sarasota–Bradenton International Airport, St. Pete–Clearwater International Airport, Palm Beach International Airport, and Orlando International Airport.[54][55][56] Thousands of flights intending to arrive or depart from Florida are expected to be canceled.[57] Additionally, all Allegiant Air flights on October 9 and 10 in the state have been canceled.[58] Several cruise lines have had their schedule affected due to the storm.[54] The launch of the Europa Clipper space launch was delayed due to Hurricane Milton;[59] while the October 7 launch of Hera occurred as planned.[60] SpaceX Crew-8's return date was postponed to October 13.[61] Brightline operations were suspended between West Palm Beach and Orlando stations beginning on October 8.[62] Several attractions were to close at Walt Disney World; Legoland Florida closed as well.[63] Starting on October 8, Busch Gardens Tampa Bay was to close for three days.[64]

An estimated six million Floridians were ordered to evacuate, marking one of the largest evacuation orders in state history since Hurricane Irma in 2017. The evacuation orders were primarily situated in Hillsborough and surrounding counties.[65] Volusia and Marion counties also issued evacuation orders for homes at risk.[66][49] United Airlines issued a travel advisory for five airports in the state.[67] Throughout the Tampa Bay area, comfort stations and locations to do basic utilities that were opened due to Helene were closed due to Milton.[68] In Longboat Key, officials stated that residents should evacuate from the town.[69] In coordination with the Florida Division of Emergency Management, Uber offered free rides to and from state shelters.[70]

The National Hockey League cancelled the preseason finale for the Tampa Bay Lightning, which was initially postponed from Helene. All University of Central Florida sporting events scheduled for October 9 and 10 were cancelled as well.[71]

Publix and Walmart altered store hours and closed several other of their locations in preparation for the storm and their locations among other stores faced shortages of items such as bottled water, alcohol, canned goods, and snacks due to panic buying.[72][73] Gas station shortages occurred across the state, with 16.5% out by the afternoon of October 8, including 43% in the Tampa Bay area according to GasBuddy. Governor DeSantis said fuel replenishment efforts were underway and said that there was not a fuel shortage. The Florida Highway Patrol began escorting fuel tankers to help replenish gas stations ahead of landfall to aid in evacuation efforts. DeSantis also urged that people consider evacuating "tens of miles" instead of "hundreds of miles". The American Automobile Association advised Floridians to "take only what you need" and to avoid letting one's gas tank getting too low before looking for a place to fill up.[74][75] Thirty-three Waffle House locations in Milton's projected path were closed.[76]

President Joe Biden postponed a planned trip from October 10 to 15 to Angola and Germany in order to oversee preparations and the response and urged those living in areas at risk to evacuate, saying that it was a matter of life and death.[46]

The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) suffered a staffing shortage ahead of the storm, with only 9% of the agency's staff available. According to Homeland Security Secretary Alejandro Mayorkas, the agency remained ready to respond, saying that "we can respond to multiple events at a single time".[77] Over the previous five years at least 25% of staff remained available by October 7. This figure was lower than in 2017 when FEMA's staff availability dropped to 19% as FEMA staff responded to Hurricane Harvey, Hurricane Irma, and Hurricane Maria.[78] Press Secretary Karine Jean-Pierre ended a briefing, accusing journalists of spreading misinformation related to disaster funding.[79]

There were casualties involved as a result of evacuating: one fatality occurred after a car accident in Marion County southeast of Orange Lake,[80] while three people were injured after the plane they were in crashed into Tampa Bay after its engine failed while taking off from Albert Whitted Airport in St. Petersburg.[81]

جورجيا

On October 7, Atlanta Motor Speedway opened its campground for evacuees with pop-up campers and tents with access to a complementary shower house, including those from Florida, in collaboration with the Henry County Emergency Management Agency. A limited number of camping spaces with water, power, and sewer hook-ups were made available as well.[82]

On October 8, Georgia Governor Brian Kemp issued an executive order which declared a state of emergency across 40 counties and ordered the Georgia Emergency Management and Homeland Security Agency to activate the Georgia Emergency Operations Plan and Georgia Department of Transportation and Georgia Department of Public Safety to take action to ensure the expeditious movement of utility vehicles, equipment, and personnel throughout the state to eliminate any potential power outages. The order also called up to 250 Georgia National Guard troops to be used in preparation, response, and recovery efforts.[83]

Cumberland Island National Seashore closed indefinitely on October 8.[84]

البهاماز

A tropical storm watch was issued for Extreme Northwest Bahamian Islands on October 8, upgraded six hours later to a tropical storm warning.[85][86][87] Grand Bahama activated their emergency operations center.[88] The Royal Bahamas Defence Force went on standby with supplies prepared for Hurricane Milton.[89] In-person schools on Grand Bahama, Bimini, Abaco, and Grand Cay were closed.[90] The Anglican Central Education Authority closed two campuses.[91] Bahamian students in Florida were ordered to evacuate; Bahamasair made two flights on October 7 and 8 to Orlando.[92] Bahamas Power and Light offices in northern islands closed October 9.[93] Banks on Grand Bahama and Abaco closed October 10.[94]

A large surge in sales of hurricane related supplies occurred.[95]

الوقع

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المكسيك

Heavy rainfall from Milton caused flooding in the city of Campeche.[96] Dangerous storm surge and torrential rainfall impacted the state of Yucatán, with the seawall at Progreso being inundated by high waves. Over 12,000 people were affected in the state by power outages.[97] Flooding from the storm surge led to evacuations being carried out during the hurricane in Celestún.[98] Strong waves caused sections of the Ciudad del Carmen–Isla Aguada federal highway to be inundated by sea waters.[99] A woman drowned in Calkiní due to waves produced by the hurricane.[100][101] Heavy winds from Milton caused an old house in Progreso to collapse,[102] and in Chuburná heavy winds and rainfall nearly demolished a home.[103]

The municipalities of Sisal and Celestún suffered the most damage, with flooding, fallen trees, and blackouts affecting the cities. In Sisal, there were reports of some roofs of softball field stands and palapas collapsing. Over a thousand people from El Cuyo, Río Lagartos, and Las Coloradas needed to be transferred to shelters.[104] Heavy swells and intense winds from Milton destroyed the dock of the port of Chelem.[105] Cancún International Airport cancelled several flights due to Milton.[106]

كوبا

As Milton neared Cuba, its rainbands caused flooding to be reported in Surgidero de Batabanó.[107] In Havana Bay, deteriorating weather conditions from Milton caused officials to suspend ferry services on October 8.[108] The Cuban Weather Service reported that Western Cuba experienced winds of 25–30 miles per hour (40–48 km/h) and maximum gusts in Casablanca, Havana, of 50 miles per hour (80 km/h).[109]

الولايات المتحدة

فلوريدا

Milton spawned at least two tornadoes that touched down in Florida and moved across I-75 ahead of landfall.[110] Another tornado touched down in North Fort Myers around 1:00 p.m. on October 9, causing extensive damage to the Fort Myers area.[111]

انظر أيضاً

المراجع

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  106. ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة :2
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وصلات خارجية

مشاع المعرفة فيه ميديا متعلقة بموضوع إعصار ميلتون.

قالب:2024 Atlantic hurricane season buttons
خطأ استشهاد: وسوم <ref> موجودة لمجموعة اسمها "lower-alpha"، ولكن لم يتم العثور على وسم <references group="lower-alpha"/>

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