أودينى
Udine
Udin (فريولية) | |
---|---|
Comune di Udine | |
الإحداثيات: 46°04′N 13°14′E / 46.067°N 13.233°E | |
البلد | إيطاليا |
المنطقة | Friuli-Venezia Giulia |
المقاطعة | Udine (UD) |
Frazioni | see list |
الحكومة | |
• العمدة | Pietro Fontanini ([[قائمة الأحزاب السياسية في إيطاليا|Lega Nord]]) |
المساحة | |
• الإجمالي | 56 كم² (22 ميل²) |
المنسوب | 113 m (371 ft) |
التعداد (31 December 2019) | |
• الإجمالي | 99٬051 |
• الكثافة | 1٬800/km2 (4٬600/sq mi) |
صفة المواطن | Udinese |
منطقة التوقيت | UTC+1 (CET) |
• الصيف (التوقيت الصيفي) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
الرمز البريدي | 33100 |
مفتاح الهاتف | 0432 |
Patron saint | Sts. Ermacoras and Fortunatus |
يوم القديس | 12 July |
الموقع الإلكتروني | Official website |
Udine (الأمريكي /ˈuːdineɪ/ OO-dee-nay,[1][2] النطق بالإيطالية: [ˈuːdine]؛ فريولية: Udin؛ ألمانية: Weiden in Friaul؛ Slovene: Videm؛ لاتينية: Utinum) هي مدينة شمال شرق إيطاليا أكبر مدن إقليم فريولي فينيتسيا جوليا عاصمة مقاطعة أوديني، تقع بالقرب من سلاسل جبال الألب في سهلية ذات موقع استراتيجي على بعد عدة كيلومترات من منققة تلال، على مفترق الطرق بين الشرق والغرب، والجنوب والشمال المؤدي للنمسا وباقي أوروبا، سكانها 96.750 نسمة.
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التاريخ
Udine is the historical capital of Friuli. The area has been inhabited since the Neolithic age, and is believed to have been settled by Illyrians.
Based on an old Hungarian legend, Attila (?–453), the leader of the Huns, built a hill there, when besieging Aquileia, because he needed a winter quarters billet: he instructed his soldiers to bring soil in their helmets and shields, because the landscape was too flat, without any hill. He established the town there, and built a square-shape tower.[3]
After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the area increased in importance after the decline of Aquileia and afterwards of Cividale also. In AD 983 Udine was mentioned for the first time, with the donation of the Utinum castle by emperor Otto II to the Patriarchs of Aquileia, then the main feudal lords of the region. In 1223, with the foundation of the market,[4] the city became finally the most important in the area for economy and trade, and also became the Patriarch's seat.
الجغرافيا
المناخ
Udine has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen: Cfa). Precipitation is abundant year round with spring and fall being the wettest seasons. The highest temperature recorded was 38.2 °C (101 °F) on July 21, 2006 while the lowest temperature recorded was −18.6 °C (−1 °F) on December 19, 2009.[5]
Climate data for Udine (1971–2000, extremes 1969–present) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 18.6 (65.5) |
23.2 (73.8) |
25.6 (78.1) |
29.5 (85.1) |
33.2 (91.8) |
36.2 (97.2) |
38.2 (100.8) |
37.0 (98.6) |
34.4 (93.9) |
29.8 (85.6) |
25.3 (77.5) |
17.4 (63.3) |
38.2 (100.8) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 7.7 (45.9) |
9.8 (49.6) |
13.5 (56.3) |
17.1 (62.8) |
22.3 (72.1) |
25.6 (78.1) |
28.2 (82.8) |
28.4 (83.1) |
24.1 (75.4) |
18.6 (65.5) |
12.6 (54.7) |
8.5 (47.3) |
18.0 (64.4) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 3.7 (38.7) |
5.0 (41.0) |
8.4 (47.1) |
12.0 (53.6) |
17.1 (62.8) |
20.3 (68.5) |
22.7 (72.9) |
22.6 (72.7) |
18.7 (65.7) |
13.7 (56.7) |
8.2 (46.8) |
4.5 (40.1) |
13.1 (55.6) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −0.4 (31.3) |
0.3 (32.5) |
3.4 (38.1) |
7.0 (44.6) |
11.8 (53.2) |
15.0 (59.0) |
17.1 (62.8) |
16.9 (62.4) |
13.3 (55.9) |
8.8 (47.8) |
3.7 (38.7) |
0.5 (32.9) |
8.1 (46.6) |
Record low °C (°F) | −14.6 (5.7) |
−11.6 (11.1) |
−10.0 (14.0) |
−4.8 (23.4) |
1.4 (34.5) |
5.6 (42.1) |
8.2 (46.8) |
6.6 (43.9) |
3.0 (37.4) |
−3.2 (26.2) |
−8.4 (16.9) |
−18.6 (−1.5) |
−18.6 (−1.5) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 74.9 (2.95) |
61.6 (2.43) |
86.2 (3.39) |
119.0 (4.69) |
118.2 (4.65) |
137.9 (5.43) |
81.2 (3.20) |
79.1 (3.11) |
124.3 (4.89) |
134.5 (5.30) |
108.1 (4.26) |
85.9 (3.38) |
1٬210٫9 (47.67) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 6.2 | 5.2 | 7.6 | 9.8 | 10.8 | 10.5 | 7.8 | 7.2 | 7.3 | 8.3 | 7.2 | 6.7 | 94.6 |
Source: Servizio Meteorologico[5][6] |
الاقتصاد
Udine is important for commerce, with several commercial centers in the hinterland. There are also iron and mechanical industries (Danieli and ABS are the most important).
معرض صور
الرياضة
The main football club in the city is Udinese Calcio, founded in 1896, who play in the Serie A (2019–2020 season). Their ground, the Stadio Friuli, was a venue at the 1990 FIFA World Cup.
The local basketball team, APU GSA, played in the second national league, the LegaDue.
أبرز الأشخاص
- Mario Benedetti, (1955–2020), poet
- Girolamo di Bernardino, 16th-century painter of frescoes
- Bernardino Blaceo, 16th-century painter
- Sebastiano Bombelli (1635-1719), Baroque and Rococò painter
- José Bragato, (1915–2017), cellist and composer
- Carlo Caneva (1845–1922), major general
- Luca Carlevarijs, (1663–1730), painter
- Dalila Di Lazzaro (born 1953), actress and model
- Tina Modotti (1896–1942), photographer, actress, revolutionary
- Francesco Pavona (1695–1777), Baroque painter
العلاقات الدولية
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البلدات التوأم – المدن الشقيقة
- Albacete, Spain
- Esslingen am Neckar, Germany
- Maribor, Slovenia
- Neath Port Talbot, Wales, United Kingdom
- Schiedam, Netherlands
- Vienne, France
- Villach, Austria
- Windsor, Canada
- Yaoundé, Cameroon
الصداقات
- Bikaner, India
- Klagenfurt, Austria
- Óbuda-Békásmegyer, Hungary
- Piotrków Trybunalski, Poland
- Resistencia, Argentina
- Velenje, Slovenia
الهامش
- ^ قالب:Cite American Heritage Dictionary
- ^ قالب:Cite Merriam-Webster
- ^ Lengyel, Dénes (1972). Régi Magyar mondák. Budapest: Móra Ferenc. ISBN 963-11-2928-4.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - ^ Marušič, Branko. 2000. Videm. Enciklopedija Slovenije, vol. 14. Ljubljana: Mladinska knjiga, pp. 224–225.
- ^ أ ب "Udine Rivolto: Record mensili dal 1969" (in Italian). Servizio Meteorologico dell'Aeronautica Militare. Retrieved February 23, 2016.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "Udine/Rivolto (UD)" (PDF). Atlante climatico. Servizio Meteorologico. Retrieved February 23, 2016.
- ^ "Gemellaggi e relazioni internazionali". comune.udine.it (in الإيطالية). Udine. Retrieved 2019-12-16.
- ^ "Our Twin Cities". citywindsor.ca. Windsor. Retrieved 2019-12-16.
للاستزادة
- "Udine", Northern Italy (14th ed.), Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1913
وصلات خارجية
- Udine homepage
- Udine on Italia.it
- Udine, Italy: a cultural guide by Sunday Telegraph
- Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas
- CS1 الإيطالية-language sources (it)
- Short description is different from Wikidata
- Articles containing فريولية-language text
- Articles containing إيطالية-language text
- Coordinates on Wikidata
- Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia
- Pages using infobox settlement with image map1 but not image map
- Italian commune articles with missing parameters
- Pages using Lang-xx templates
- Articles containing ألمانية-language text
- Articles containing Slovene-language text
- Articles containing لاتينية-language text
- أودينى
- تأسيسات 983
- Cities and towns in Friuli-Venezia Giulia
- University towns in Italy
- تأسيسات القرن العاشر في إيطاليا
- Domini di Terraferma
- مدن إيطاليا
- صفحات مع الخرائط