شعبة (تصنيف)
(تم التحويل من Superphylum)
الشعبة Phylum مرتبة تصنيفية في علم التصنيف أدنى من المملكة، وأعلى من الطائفة وتنضوي تحتها مرتبتان فرعيتان هما :
و يعتمد التصنيف داخل الشعبة على التنظيم الداخلي للكائن و ليس على الشكل الخارجي.
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القوائم
شـُـعـَب الحيوان
الشعبة | المعنى | المجموعة | السمات المميزة
|
الأنواع موصوفة |
مشوكات الرأس | Thorny head | Thorny-headed worms | Reversible spiny proboscis | about 750 |
لاجوفيات الشكل | Without gut | Acoels | No mouth or alimentary canal | |
الديدان المقسمة Annelida | حلقة صغيرة | Segmented worms | Multiple circular segments | about 15,300 modern |
مفصليات الأرجل Arthropoda | قدم مفصلية | Arthropods | Chitin exoskeleton | 1,134,000+ |
ذراعيات الأرجل | ذراع قدم | Lamp shells | Lophophore and pedicle | between 300 and 500 extant |
مرجانيات | Moss animals | Moss animals, sea mats | Lophophore, no pedicle, ciliated tentacles | about 5,000 living species |
هلبيات الفك | فك طويل الشعر | ديدان سهمية | Chitinous spines either side of head, fins | about 100 modern species |
الحبليات | حبل | Chordates | Hollow dorsal nervous chord, notochord, pharyngeal slits, endostyle, post-anal tail | about 100,000+ |
لاسعات | Coelenterates | Nematocysts (stinging cells) | about 11,000 | |
مشطيات | Comb bearer | Comb jellies | Eight "comb rows" of fused cilia | about 100 modern species |
Cycliophora | حامل العجلة | Symbion | Circular mouth surrounded by small cilia | at least 3 |
Echinodermata | Spiny skin | Echinoderms | Five-fold radial symmetry in living forms, mesodermal calcified spines | about 7,000 extant and 13,000 extinct species |
شوكية الذيل | عمود فقري ذيل | ديدان ملعقية | Set of hooks at posterior end | about 140 |
داخليات الشرج | Inside anus | Goblet worm | Anus inside ring of cilia | about 150 |
شعريات البطن | شعر معدة | Meiofauna | Two terminal adhesive tubes | about 690 |
ديدان فكية | Jaw orifice | Jaw worms | about 100 | |
نصف حبليات | Half cord | Acorn worms, pterobranchs | Stomochord in collar, pharyngeal slits | about 100 living species |
متحركات الخطم | Motion snout | Mud dragons | Eleven segments, each with a dorsal plate | about 150 |
كوسليات | Corset bearer | Brush heads | Umbrella-like scales at each end | about 122 |
فكيات دقيقة | Tiny jaw animals | — | Accordion like extensible thorax | 1 |
رخويات | Thin shell | Mollusks / molluscs | Muscular foot and mantle round shell | 112,000[1] |
دودة أسطوانية | Thread like | Round worms | Round cross section, keratin cuticle | 80 000 – 1 million |
ديدان شعرية | خيطية الشكل | ديدان شعر الحصان | about 320 | |
خرطوميات الجوف | A sea nymph | Ribbon worms | about 1200 | |
حاملات المخالب | Claw bearer | Velvet worms | Legs tipped by chitinous claws | about 200 modern |
مستقيمات السباحة | Straight swim | Single layer of ciliated cells surrounding a mass of sex cells | about 20 | |
ديدان حدوية | عشيقة زيوس | Horseshoe worms | U-shaped gut | 20 |
صفيحيات | Plate animals | 1 | ||
ديدان مسطحة | ديدان مفلطحة | Flat worms | about 25,000[2] | |
Porifera | Pore bearer | Sponges | Perforated interior wall | over 5,000 modern |
قضيبيات | قضيب | ديدان قضيبية | Retractable proboscis surrounded by papillae | 17 |
رحويات | Lozenge animal | — | Single axial cell surrounded by ciliated cells | 75 |
الدوارات | Wheel bearer | Rotifers | Anterior crown of cilia | about 2000 |
Sipuncula | Small tube | Peanut worms | Mouth surrounded by invertible tentacles | 144–320 |
بطيئات المشية | Slow step | Water bears | Four segmented body and head | 1,000+ |
ديدان مسطحة غريبة | Strange flatworm | — | Ciliated deuterostome | 2 |
الإجمالي: 36 | 2,000,000- |
مجموعات سبق أن صنفت كشـُـعـَب
الاسم كشعبة | الاسم الشائع | الإجماع الحالي |
---|---|---|
Aschelminthes | Pseudocoelomates | Divided into several pseudocoelomate phyla. |
Craniata | — | Subgroup of phylum Chordata; perhaps synonymous with Vertebrata. |
Cephalochordata | Lancelets | Subphylum of phylum Chordata. |
Cephalorhyncha | — | Superphylum Scalidophora. |
Enterepneusta | Acorn worms | Class of phylum نصف حبليات. |
Gephyra | Peanut worms and spoon worms | Divided into phyla Sipuncula and شوكية الذيل. |
وسيطات الدهر | Mesozoans | Divided into phyla مستقيمات السباحة و رحويات. |
Myxozoa | — | Severely modified Cnidarians. |
Pentastomida | Tongue worms | Subclass of Maxillopoda of phylum Arthropoda. |
Pogonophora | Beard worms | Part of family Siboglinidae of phylum Annelida. |
Pterobranchia | — | Class of phylum نصف حبليات. |
Symplasma | Glass sponges | Class Hexactinellida of phylum Porifera. |
Urochordata | Tunicates | Subphylum of phylum Chordata. |
Vestimentifera | Vent worms | Part of family Siboglinidae of phylum Annelida. |
Plant divisions
Division | Meaning | Common name | Distinguishing characteristics |
عشبة القرن | Flower-horn plants | Hornworts | Horn-shaped sporophytes, no vascular system |
Bryophyta | Moss plants | Mosses | Persistent unbranched sporophytes, no vascular system |
Marchantiophyta | Marchantia plants | Liverworts | Ephemeral unbranched sporophytes, no vascular system |
Lycopodiophyta | Wolf foot plants | Clubmosses & Spikemosses | Microphyll leaves, vascular system |
سراخس | Fern plants | Ferns & Horsetails | Prothallus gametophytes, vascular system |
Pteridospermatophyta | Fern with seeds plant | Seed ferns | Only known from fossils, mostly Devonian, ranking in dispute[3] |
مخروطيات | Sap/pitch plants | Conifers | Cones containing seeds and wood composed of tracheids |
السيكاسية | Palm plants | Cycads | Seeds, crown of compound leaves |
جنكو | Ginkgo plants | Ginkgo, Maidenhair | Seeds not protected by fruit (single species) |
شعبة الجنتويات | Gnetophytes | Seeds and woody vascular system with vessels | |
Anthophyta (or Magnoliophyta) | Flower plant | Flowering plants | Flowers and fruit, vascular system with vessels |
الأقسام الفطرية
الشعبة | المعنى | الاسم الشائع | السمات المميزة |
Chytridiomycota | Little pot mushroom | Chytrids | Cellulose in cell walls, flagellated gametes |
Deuteromycota | Second mushroom | Imperfect fungi | Only reproduce asexually |
Zygomycota | Yoke mushroom | Zygomycetes | Blend gametangia to form a zygosporangium |
Glomeromycota | Ball mushroom | None | Form arbuscular mycorrhizae with plants |
Ascomycota | Bag/Wineskin Mushroom | Sac fungi | Produce spores in an 'ascus' |
فطريات بازيدية | Basidium Mushroom | Club Fungi | Produce spores from a 'basidium' |
انظر أيضاً
الهامش
المصادر
- ^ Feldkamp, S. (2002) Modern Biology. Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, USA. (pp. 725)
- ^ Species Register. "Flatworms — Phylum Platyhelminthes". Marine Discovery Centres. Retrieved 2007-04-09.
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(help) - ^ ""Kingdon Plantae Tree of Life"".
وصلات خارجية
- Are phyla "real"? Is there really a well-defined "number of animal phyla" extant and in the fossil record?
- Major Phyla Of Animals
- American Heritage Dictionary: New Latin phylum, from Greek phūlon, class.
- Online Etymological Dictionary: from Gk. phylon "race, stock," related to phyle "tribe, clan," and phylein "bring forth" of physikos "pertaining to nature," from physis "nature"
Look up Phylum in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.