أبلاست سمولنسك

Coordinates: 55°00′N 33°00′E / 55.000°N 33.000°E / 55.000; 33.000
(تم التحويل من Smolensk Oblast)
Smolensk Oblast
أوبلاست
Смоленская область
- panoramio - Road Sign Series (136).jpg
علم Smolensk Oblast
Flag
درع Smolensk Oblast
Coat of arms
النشيد: none[1]
Map of Russia - Smolensk Oblast.svg
الإحداثيات: 55°00′N 33°00′E / 55.000°N 33.000°E / 55.000; 33.000
البلدروسيا
المنطقة الاتحاديةCentral[2]
المنطقة الاقتصاديةCentral[3]
تأسستSeptember 27, 1937[4]
مركز إداريسمولنسك[5]
الحكومة
 • الكيانOblast Duma[6]
 • Governor[8]Alexey Ostrovsky[7]
المساحة
[9]
 • Total49٬800 كم² (19٬200 ميل²)
ترتيب المساحة53rd
التعداد
 • Estimate 
(2018)
949٬348
منطقة التوقيتUTC+3 (توقيت موسكو Edit this on Wikidata[10])
ISO 3166 codeRU-SMO
لوحات السيارات67
OKTMO ID66000000
اللغات الرسميةالروسية[11]
الموقع الإلكترونيhttp://admin-smolensk.ru/

أبلاست سمولنسك (روسية: Смол́енская о́бласть، سمولنسكايا أبلاست)، وتُعرف بشكل غير رسمي بالاسم سمولنشينا (Smolenshchina ؛ Смоленщина),[12] هي إحدى الكيانات الفدرالية في روسيا. وفي التعداد الروسي 2021 بلغ عدد سكانه 888,421 نسمة.[13]

الجغرافيا

Roslavlsky old tract, the village of Boreshino

The oblast was founded on 27 September 1937.[4] It borders Pskov Oblast in the north, Tver Oblast in the northeast, Moscow Oblast in the east, Kaluga Oblast in south, Bryansk Oblast in the southwest, and Mogilev and Vitebsk Oblasts of Belarus, in the west and northwest, as part of the Belarus–Russia border.


الهيدروجرافيا

The main river of the region is the Dnieper River and its tributaries, Desna, Vop, Vyazma. By the rivers of the Volga basin and its tributary Vazuza Gzhat and tributary of the Oka river, Ugra. To the north-west flows a short section of the Western Dvina River and its tributary river Kasplya .

Among the major reservoirs supplying water are Moscow Vazuzssky Yauza and reservoirs in the north-east, as well as cooling power plants, Smolensk reservoir in the north near the village of Lake and Desnogorsk Reservoir in the south area of the city near the Desnogorsk.

Climate

The climate of Smolensk Oblast is humid continental, similar to the climate of Moscow Oblast, but slightly warmer in winter due to being located further west. Summers are short, warm and rainy, while winters are long, cold and snowy. Average temperatures range from −9 °C (16 °F) in January to 17 °C (63 °F) in July (although in the south it ranges from −8 °C (18 °F) in January to 18 °C (64 °F) in July). Annual precipitation varies from 630 to 730 mm (25 to 29 in) per year.

السياسة

Building of the Oblast Administration

During the Soviet period, the high authority in the oblast was shared between three persons: The first secretary of the Smolensk CPSU Committee (who in reality had the biggest authority), the chairman of the oblast Soviet (legislative power), and the Chairman of the oblast Executive Committee (executive power). Since 1991, CPSU lost all the power, and the head of the Oblast administration, and eventually the governor was appointed/elected alongside elected regional parliament.

The Charter of Smolensk Oblast is the fundamental law of the region. The Legislative Assembly of Smolensk is the province's standing legislative (representative) body. The Legislative Assembly exercises its authority by passing laws, resolutions, and other legal acts and by supervising the implementation and observance of the laws and other legal acts passed by it. The highest executive body is the Oblast Government, which includes territorial executive bodies such as district administrations, committees, and commissions that facilitate development and run the day to day matters of the province. The Oblast administration supports the activities of the Governor who is the highest official and acts as guarantor of the observance of the oblast Charter in accordance with the Constitution of Russia. From July 1941-September 1943 part of region fell to Germany.

التقسيمات الإدارية

المقالة الرئيسية: التقسيمات الإدارية في أبلاست سمولنسك
التقسيمات الإدارية في أبلاست سمولنسك

Smolensk Oblast is divided into 25 districts (raions) and two cities, which are further divided into 15 towns, 12 urban-type settlements, and 302 rural okrugs.

وتحوي المدن والقرى التالية:

السكان

Historical population
YearPop.±%
18971٬525٬279—    
19262٬292٬712+50.3%
19591٬142٬969−50.1%
19701٬106٬066−3.2%
19791٬120٬748+1.3%
19891٬158٬299+3.4%
20021٬049٬574−9.4%
2010985٬537−6.1%
2021888٬421−9.9%
المصدر: بيانات التعداد

التعداد: 888٬421 (تعداد 2021)؛[13] 985,537 (تعداد 2010);[14] 1,049,574 (تعداد 2002);[15] 1,158,299 (تعداد 1989).[16]

الإحصائيات الحيوية لعام 2022:[17][18]

  • Births: 5,478 (6.1 per 1,000)
  • Deaths: 14,825 (16.4 per 1,000)

معدل الخصوبة الإجمالي (2022):[19]
1.08 children per woman

العمر المتوقع (2021):[20]
Total — 68.00 years (male — 63.28, female — 72.83)

التركيبة العرقية (2010):[14]

  • روس: 94.6%
  • أوكران: 1.3%
  • بلاروس: 1.3%
  • أرمن: 0.5%
  • غيرهم: 2.3%
  • 41,457 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.[21]

الدين

Religion in Smolensk Oblast as of 2012 (Sreda Arena Atlas)[22][23]
الأرثوذكسية الروسية
  
 29%
Other Orthodox
  
 1.9%
Old Believers
  
 1.5%
الروم الكاثوليك
  
 0.6%
پروتستانتية
  
 0.5%
Other مسيحيون
  
 6.6%
Spiritual but not religious
  
 36.9%
إلحاد ولا دين
  
 14%
Other and undeclared
  
 9%

حسب إحصاء في 2012[22] 19.5% of the population of Smolensk Oblast adheres to the Russian Orthodox Church, 7% are unaffiliated generic Christians, 3% are Orthodox Christian believers who do not belong to church or belong to other (non-Russian) Orthodox churches, 2% are Old Believers, 1% are adherents of the Slavic native faith (Rodnovery) movement, 0.4% are members of the Catholic Church. In addition, 45% of the population declares to be "spiritual but not religious", 13% is atheist, and 9.1% follows other religions or did not give an answer to the question.[22]


الاقتصاد

Smolensk Oblast has a diverse economy, and exports large amounts of ammonium nitrate, fertilizers, wheat, and wood. The top exports in 2021 were fertilizers (19.2%, $284M), wood products (13.2%, $194M), wheat (9.8%, $144M), and machinery (7.6%, $112M).

أشهر أبناء الاوبلاست

انظر أيضاً

المراجع

Citations

  1. ^ Article 14 of the Charter of Smolensk Oblast states that the symbols of the oblast include a flag and a coat of arms, but not an anthem.
  2. ^ Президент Российской Федерации. Указ №849 от 13 мая 2000 г. «О полномочном представителе Президента Российской Федерации в федеральном округе». (President of the Russian Federation. Decree #849 of May 13, 2000 On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in a Federal District).
  3. ^ Госстандарт Российской Федерации. №ОК 024-95 27 декабря 1995 г. «Общероссийский классификатор экономических регионов. 2. Экономические районы», в ред. Изменения №5/2001 ОКЭР. (گوستاندارت of the Russian Federation. #OK 024-95 December 27, 1995 Russian Classification of Economic Regions. 2. Economic Regions, as amended by the Amendment #5/2001 OKER).
  4. ^ أ ب Исполнительный комитет Смоленского областного совета народных депутатов. Государственный архив Смоленской области. "Административно-территориальное устройство Смоленской области. Справочник", изд. "Московский рабочий", Москва 1981. Стр. 8
  5. ^ Charter of Smolensk Oblast, Article 17
  6. ^ Charter of Smolensk Oblast, Article 23
  7. ^ Official website of Smolensk Oblast. Members of the Administration of Smolensk Oblast (بالروسية)
  8. ^ Charter of Smolensk Oblast, Article 33
  9. ^ Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2004-05-21). "Территория, число районов, населённых пунктов и сельских администраций по субъектам Российской Федерации (Territory, Number of Districts, Inhabited Localities, and Rural Administration by Federal Subjects of the Russian Federation)". Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002) (in الروسية). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved 2011-11-01.
  10. ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in الروسية). 3 June 2011. Retrieved 19 January 2019.
  11. ^ الرسمية في جميع أرجاء روسيا الاتحادية حسب الفقرة 68.1 من دستور روسيا.
  12. ^ Смоленская область – Детальная интерактивная карта Смоленской области. Центральный ФО, Россия – регионы Есоседи. ru.esosedi.org (in الروسية). Retrieved 2017-06-03.
  13. ^ أ ب invalid reference parameter
  14. ^ أ ب Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1". Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved June 29, 2012. {{cite web}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  15. ^ Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2004-05-21). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек[[Category:Articles containing روسية-language text]] (Population of Russia, its federal districts, federal subjects, districts, urban localities, rural localities—administrative centers, and rural localities with population of over 3,000)". Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved 2008-07-25. {{cite web}}: URL–wikilink conflict (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  16. ^ "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров.[[Category:Articles containing روسية-language text]] (All Union Population Census of 1989. Present population of union and autonomous republics, autonomous oblasts and okrugs, krais, oblasts, districts, urban settlements, and villages serving as district administrative centers.)". Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года (All-Union Population Census of 1989) (in Russian). Demoscope Weekly (website of the Institute of Demographics of the State University—Higher School of Economics. 1989. Retrieved 2007-12-13. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help); URL–wikilink conflict (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  17. ^ "Information on the number of registered births, deaths, marriages and divorces for January to December 2022". ROSSTAT. Archived from the original on 2 March 2023. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
  18. ^ "Birth rate, mortality rate, natural increase, marriage rate, divorce rate for January to December 2022". ROSSTAT. Archived from the original on 2 March 2023. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
  19. ^ Суммарный коэффициент рождаемости [Total fertility rate]. Russian Federal State Statistics Service (in الروسية). Archived from the original (XLSX) on 10 August 2023. Retrieved 10 August 2023.
  20. ^ "Демографический ежегодник России" [The Demographic Yearbook of Russia] (in الروسية). Federal State Statistics Service of Russia (Rosstat). Retrieved 2022-06-01.
  21. ^ "ВПН-2010". www.perepis-2010.ru. Archived from the original on January 18, 2012. Retrieved December 22, 2011.
  22. ^ أ ب ت "Arena: Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia". Sreda, 2012.
  23. ^ 2012 Arena Atlas Religion Maps. "Ogonek", № 34 (5243), 27/08/2012. Retrieved 21/04/2017. Archived.

المصادر العامة

External links

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