دولار سنغافوري

(تم التحويل من Singapore dollar)
"SGD" redirects here. For other uses, see SGD (توضيح).
دولار سنغافوري
دولار سنغافوري
新加坡元 (صينية)
Ringgit Singapura (ماليزية)
சிங்கப்பூர் வெள்ளி (تاميل)
20SingaporeDollar.jpg
20 دولار سنغافوري.
ISO 4217
الكودSGD
الفئات
الوحدات الفرعية
 1/100سنت
الرمزS
الكنيةسينگ
الأوراق النقدية
 شائع الاستخدام2, 5, 10, 50, 100 & 1,000
 نادر الاستخدام20, 25, 10,000
العملات
 شائع الاستخدام5, 10, 20, 50 cents, $1
 نادر الاستخدام1 cent (not issued anymore but still usable), $5
الديمغرافيا
المستخدم(ون)Flag of Singapore.svg سنغافورة
Flag of Brunei.svg بروناي
الإصدار
Monetary authorityMonetary Authority of Singapore
 الموقع الإلكترونيwww.mas.gov.sg
مصلحة صك العملةSingapore Mint
 الموقع الإلكترونيwww.singaporemint.com
القيمة
التضخم2.1%
 المصدرThe World Factbook, 2007.
Pegged byدولار بروناي
Singapore dollar
الاسم الصيني
الصينية新加坡元
ملايو name
ملايوDolar/Ringgit Singapura
تاميلية name
تاميليةசிங்கப்பூர் வெள்ளி Ciṅkappūr Veḷḷi

الدولار السنغافوري، هو العملة الرسمية في سنغافورة، ويتكون من 100 سنت (ملايو: sen, Chinese: 分; pinyin: fēn, تاميلية: காசு, romanized: kācu). It is normally abbreviated with the dollar sign $, or S$ to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies. The Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) issues the banknotes and coins of the Singapore dollar.

As of 2022, the Singapore dollar is the 10th most-traded currency in the world by value. Apart from its use in Singapore, the Singapore dollar is also accepted as customary tender in Brunei according to the Currency Interchangeability Agreement between the Monetary Authority of Singapore and the Autoriti Monetari Brunei Darussalam (Monetary Authority of Brunei Darussalam).[1] Likewise, the Brunei dollar is also customarily accepted in Singapore.[2]

التاريخ

10 dollar note, Oriental Bank Corporation, Singapore, 1885. On display at the British Museum in London

The Spanish-American silver dollar brought over by the Manila galleons was in wide circulation in Asia and the Americas from the 16th to 19th centuries. From 1845 to 1945 the Straits Settlements (of which Singapore used to be part) issued its local equivalent, the Straits dollar.[3] This was replaced by the Malayan dollar, and, from 1953, the Malaya and British Borneo dollar, which were issued by the Board of Commissioners of Currency, Malaya and British Borneo.[3]

Singapore continued to use the common currency upon joining Malaysia in 1963 and after Singapore's independence from Malaysia in 1965,[3] but the formal monetary union between Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei stopped in 1967, and Singapore established the Board of Commissioners of Currency, Singapore (BCCS), on 7 April 1967[4] and issued its first coins and notes. Nevertheless, the Singapore dollar was exchangeable at par with the Malaysian ringgit until 8 May 1973 under the Interchangeability Agreement, and interchangeability with the Brunei dollar is still maintained.[3]

Initially, the Singapore dollar was pegged to the pound sterling at a rate of two shillings and four pence to the dollar, or £1 = S$60/7 or S$8.57; in turn, £1 = US$2.80 from 1949 to 1967 so that US$1 = S$3.06. This peg to sterling was broken in 1967 when the pound was devalued to US$2.40 but the peg to the U.S. dollar of US$1 = S$3.06 was retained. This peg remained for a short time after the Nixon Shock of the early 1970s. As Singapore's economy grew and its trade links diversified to many other countries and regions, Singapore moved towards pegging its currency against a fixed and undisclosed trade-weighted basket of currencies from 1973 to 1985.

Before 1970, the various monetary functions associated with a central bank were performed by several government departments and agencies. As Singapore progressed, the demands of an increasingly complex banking and monetary environment necessitated streamlining the functions to facilitate the development of a more dynamic and coherent policy on monetary matters. Therefore, the Parliament of Singapore passed the Monetary Authority of Singapore Act in 1970, leading to the formation of MAS on 1 January 1971. The MAS Act gave the MAS the authority to regulate all elements of monetary, banking, and financial aspects of Singapore.

From 1985 onwards, Singapore adopted a more market-oriented exchange regime, classified as a Monitoring Band, in which the Singapore dollar is allowed to float (within an undisclosed bandwidth of a central parity) but closely monitored by the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) against a concealed basket of currencies of Singapore's major trading partners and competitors. This, in theory, allows the Singaporean government to have more control over imported inflation and to ensure that Singapore's exports remain competitive.

On 1 October 2002, the Board of Commissioners of Currency, Singapore (BCCS) merged with the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS), which took over the responsibility of banknote issuance.[5]


العملات المتداولة

As of 2012, the total currency in circulation was S$57.278 billion.[6] All issued Singapore currency in circulation (notes and coins) are fully backed by external assets in its Currency Fund to maintain public confidence.[7][8] Such external assets consists of all or any of the following:[9] (a) gold and silver in any form; (b) foreign exchange in the form of demand or time deposits; bank balances and money at call; Treasury Bills; notes or coins; (c) securities of or guaranteed by foreign governments or international financial institutions; (d) equities; (e) corporate bonds; (f) currency and financial futures; (g) any other asset which the Authority, with the approval of the President of Singapore, considers suitable for inclusion.

In 2017, the government, in the second reading of the Monetary Authority of Singapore (Amendment) Bill 2017, announced that the Currency Fund will be merged with other funds of the MAS, because the currency in circulation is effectively backed by the full financial strength and assets of MAS, which is much larger than the Currency Fund. As at 31 March 2017, MAS's assets (S$395 billion) were more than seven times larger than the assets of the Currency Fund (S$55 billion). The proposed amendment will merge the Currency Fund with the other funds of MAS and streamline MAS's operations. The Government has said that its support for the currency in circulation, as set out in the Currency Act, remains unchanged.[10]

Singapore's foreign reserves officially stood at over US$288.2 billion, as of July 2022 according to the MAS.[11]

العملات المعدنية

أول إصدارات (1967–1985) [1]
القيمة المتغيرات التقنية الوصف تاريخ الإصدار
القطر السماكة الكتلة التركيب الحافة الوجه الظهر
1 سنت 17.780 مم 1.118 مم 1.940 g برونز Plain Value and Year A high-rise public housing block with a fountain in front and clouds in the background 12 يونيو 1967
1 سنت 1.240 g نحاس صلب 1976
5 cents 16.26 mm 1.02 mm 1.410 g Cupro-nickel Milled Value and Year A snake-bird sitting in its nest and preening its feathers. June 12, 1967
5 cents 1.260 g Cupro-nickel clad steel
5 cents (FAO) 21.23 mm 1.27 mm 1.240 g Aluminium A fish and the phrases "INCREASE PRODUCTION" and "MORE FOOD FROM THE SEA." 1971
10 cents 19.41 mm 1.40 mm 2.83 g Cupro-nickel A seahorse with a stylized piece of seaweed. June 12, 1967
20 cents 23.60 mm 1.78 mm 5.66 g A swordfish against a background symbolizing water.
50 cents 27.76 mm 2.03 mm 9.33 g A lionfish from tropical waters.
$1 33.32 mm 2.39 mm 16.85g A stylized Singapore lion symbol flanked by two stalks of paddy.
For table standards, see the coin specification table.

الأوراق النقدية

4th Series – Portrait Series (1999–present) [2]
Image Value Dimensions Main Colour Description Date of issue Status Material
Obverse Reverse Obverse Reverse
$2 $2 $2 126 × 63 mm Purple President Yusof bin Ishak, Money Cowrie Education September 9, 1999 Circulation Paper
$2 $2 January 12, 2006 Polymer
$5 $5 $5 133 × 66 mm Green President Yusof bin Ishak, Gold-Ringed Cowrie Garden City September 9, 1999 Paper
$5 $5 May 18, 2007 Polymer
$10 $10 $10 141 × 69 mm Red President Yusof bin Ishak, Wandering Cowrie Sports September 9, 1999 Paper
$10 $10 May 4, 2004 Polymer
$50 $50 $50 156 × 74 mm Blue President Yusof bin Ishak, Cylindrical Cowrie Arts September 9, 1999 Paper
$100 $100 $100 162 × 77 mm Orange President Yusof bin Ishak, Swallow Cowrie Youth Paper
$1000 $1000 $1000 170 × 83 mm Pink President Yusof bin Ishak, Beautiful Cowrie Government Paper
$10000 $10000 $10,000 180 × 90 mm Gold President Yusof bin Ishak, Onyx Cowrie Economics Paper



انظر أيضا

المصادر

  1. ^ Monetary Authority of Singapore. "The Currency Interchangeability Agreement". Archived from the original on 25 October 2012. Retrieved 23 October 2012.
  2. ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة :2
  3. ^ أ ب ت ث "The Currency History of Singapore". Monetary Authority of Singapore. 9 أبريل 2007. Archived from the original on 2 فبراير 2010. Retrieved 28 ديسمبر 2007. Official Currencies of The Straits Settlements (1826–1939); Currencies of the Board of Commissioners of Currency, Malaya (1939–1951); Currencies of the Board of Commissioners of Currency, Malaya and British Borneo (1952–1957); Currencies of the Independent Malaya (1957 -1963); On 12 June 1967, the currency union which had been operating for 29 years came to an end, and the three participating countries, Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei each issued its own currency. The currencies of the 3 countries were interchangeable at par value under the Interchangeability Agreement until 8 May 1973 when the Malaysian government decided to terminate it. Brunei and Singapore however continue with the Agreement until the present day.
  4. ^ Low Siang Kok, Director (Quality), Board of Commissioners of Currency, Singapore. "Chapter 6: Singapore Electronic Legal Tender (SELT) – A Proposed Concept". The Future of Money / Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (PDF). France: OECD Publications. p. 147. ISBN 92-64-19672-2. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 February 2008. Retrieved 28 December 2007. The Board of Commissioners of Currency, Singapore (BCCS) was established on 7 April 1967 by the enactment of the Currency Act (Chapter 69). It has the sole right to issue currency notes and coins as legal tender in Singapore.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  5. ^ "BCCS Merges with MAS on 1 October 30 September 2002". www.mas.gov.sg (in الإنجليزية). Archived from the original on 19 June 2018. Retrieved 2018-06-19.
  6. ^ "Currency in Circulation (2011 to 2020)" (PDF).
  7. ^ "Currency". Archived from the original on 31 December 2014. Retrieved 6 January 2015.
  8. ^ "International Economics – Historical Exchange Rate Regime of Asian Countries". The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Copyright 2000. Archived from the original on 3 August 2008. Retrieved 15 August 2008.
  9. ^ "Singapore Statutes Online – 69 – Currency Act". Archived from the original on 3 January 2015. Retrieved 6 January 2015.
  10. ^ "Monetary Authority of Singapore Amendment Bill". Archived from the original on 4 July 2017. Retrieved 6 July 2017.
  11. ^ "Monetary Authority of Singapore – Official Foreign Reserves page". Archived from the original on 10 September 2022. Retrieved 10 September 2022.

وصلات خارجية


سبقه:
Malaya and British Borneo dollar
السبب: Independence
سعر الصرف: at par 		عملة Singapore, Brunei
1967 –
في نفس الوقت مع: Brunei dollar 		تبعه:
الحالية
الكلمات الدالة:
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