قائمة السواتل الطبيعية
الأجرام |
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القوائم |
الكواكب |
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The Solar System's planets, and its most likely dwarf planets, are known to be orbited by at least 219 natural satellites, or moons. At least 19 of them are large enough to be gravitationally rounded; of these, all are covered by a crust of ice except for Earth's Moon and Jupiter's Io.[1] Several of the largest ones are in hydrostatic equilibrium and would therefore be considered dwarf planets or planets if they were in direct orbit around the Sun and not in their current states (orbiting planets or dwarf planets).
Moons are classed in two separate categories according to their orbits: regular moons, which have prograde orbits (they orbit in the direction of their planets' rotation) and lie close to the plane of their equators, and irregular moons, whose orbits can be pro- or retrograde (against the direction of their planets' rotation) and often lie at extreme angles to their planets' equators. Irregular moons are probably minor planets that have been captured from surrounding space. Most irregular moons are less than 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) in diameter.
The earliest published discovery of a moon other than the Earth's was by Galileo Galilei, who discovered the four Galilean moons orbiting Jupiter in 1610. Over the following three centuries only a few more moons were discovered. Missions to other planets in the 1970s, most notably the Voyager 1 and 2 missions, saw a surge in the number of moons detected, and observations since the year 2000, using mostly large, ground-based optical telescopes, have discovered many more, all of which are irregular.
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الأقمار حسب الجرم الرئيسي
Mercury, the smallest and innermost planet, has no moons, or at least none that can be detected to a diameter of 1.6 km (1.0 mi).[2] For a very short time in 1974, Mercury was thought to have a moon.
Venus also has no moons,[3] though reports of a moon around Venus have circulated since the 17th century.
Earth has one Moon, the largest moon of any rocky planet in the Solar System. Earth also has more than 20 known co-orbitals, including the asteroids 3753 Cruithne and 469219 Kamoʻoalewa, and the occasional temporary satellite, like 2020 CD3; however, since they do not permanently orbit Earth, they are not considered moons. (See Other moons of Earth and Quasi-satellite.)
Mars has two known moons, Phobos and Deimos ("fear" and "dread", after attendants of Ares, the Greek god of war, equivalent to the Roman Mars). Searches for more satellites have been unsuccessful, putting the maximum radius of any other satellites at 90 m (100 yd).[4]
Jupiter has 80 moons with known orbits; 72 of them have received permanent designations, and 57 have been named. Its eight regular moons are grouped into the planet-sized Galilean moons and the far smaller Amalthea group. They are named after lovers of Zeus, the Greek equivalent of Jupiter. Its 72 known irregular moons are organized into two categories: prograde and retrograde. The prograde satellites consist of the Himalia group and three others in groups of one. The retrograde moons are grouped into the Carme, Ananke and Pasiphae groups.
Saturn has 83 moons with known orbits; 66 of them have received permanent designations, and 53 have been named. Most of them are quite small. Seven moons are large enough to be in hydrostatic equilibrium, including Titan, the second largest moon in the Solar System. Including these large moons, 24 of Saturn's moons are regular, and traditionally named after Titans or other figures associated with the mythological Saturn. The remaining 59, all small, are irregular, and classified by their orbital characteristics into Inuit, Norse, and Gallic groups, and their names are chosen from the corresponding mythologies. The rings of Saturn are made up of icy objects ranging in size from one centimetre to hundreds of metres, each of which is on its own orbit about the planet. Thus a precise number of Saturnian moons cannot be given, as there is no objective boundary between the countless small anonymous objects that form Saturn's ring system and the larger objects that have been named as moons. At least 150 "moonlets" embedded in the rings have been detected by the disturbance they create in the surrounding ring material, though this is thought to be only a small sample of the total population of such objects.
Uranus has 27 moons, five of which are massive enough to have achieved hydrostatic equilibrium. There are 13 moons that orbit within Uranus's ring system, and another nine outer irregular moons. Unlike most planetary moons, which are named from antiquity, all the moons of Uranus are named after characters from the works of Shakespeare and Alexander Pope's work The Rape of the Lock.
Neptune has 14 moons; the largest, Triton, accounts for more than 99.5 percent of all the mass orbiting the planet. Triton is large enough to have achieved hydrostatic equilibrium, but, uniquely for a large moon, has a retrograde orbit, suggesting it was a dwarf planet that was captured. Neptune also has seven known inner regular satellites, and six outer irregular satellites.
Pluto, a dwarf planet, has five moons. Its largest moon Charon, named after the ferryman who took souls across the River Styx, is more than half as large as Pluto itself, and large enough to orbit a point outside Pluto's surface. In effect, each orbits the other, forming a binary system informally referred to as a double-dwarf-planet. Pluto's four other moons, Nix, Hydra, Kerberos and Styx are far smaller and orbit the Pluto–Charon system.[5]
Among the other dwarf planets, Ceres has no known moons. It is 90 percent certain that Ceres has no moons larger than 1 km in size, assuming that they would have the same albedo as Ceres itself.[6] Eris has one large known moon, Dysnomia. Accurately determining its size is difficult: one indicative estimate of its radius is 350±57.5 km.[7]
Two objects were named as dwarf planets, under the expectation that they would prove to be so (though this remains uncertain). Haumea has two moons, Hiʻiaka and Namaka, of radii ~195 and ~100 km, respectively.[8] Makemake has one moon, discovered in April 2016.
A number of other objects in the Kuiper belt and scattered disk may turn out to be dwarf planets. Orcus, Quaoar, Gonggong, and Sedna are generally agreed to be dwarf planets among astronomers, and all but Sedna are known to have moons.[9] A number of other smaller objects, such as Salacia, Varda, and 2013 FY27, also have moons, although their dwarf planethood is more doubtful. This list includes all objects with best estimated diameter above 700 km, including 2003 AZ84 whose satellite has not been seen since its initial discovery.
اعتبارا من August 2020[تحديث], 309 asteroid moons and 119 trans-Neptunian moons (including those of Pluto and the other dwarf planets) had been discovered.[10]
ملخص – عدد الأقمار Planet عطارد الزهرة الأرض المريخ المشتري زحل أورانوس نپتون عدد الأقمار 0 0 1 2 80 83 27 14
قزم (محتمل) Ceres Orcus 2003 AZ84 پلوتو Ixion Salacia 2002 MS4 Haumea Quaoar Make-
makeVarda 2002 AW197 2013 FY27 Gong-
gongEris Sedna Number of moons 0 1 1 5 0 1 0 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0
Minor planet See list
Due to Earth's varying distance from these planets (as well as their distance to the Sun), the limits at which we are able to detect new moons is very inconsistent. As the below graph demonstrates, the absolute magnitude (total inherent brightness, abbreviated H) of moons we have detected around planets peaks at H = 17 for Jupiter, H = 16 for Saturn, H = 13 for Uranus, and H = 11 for Neptune.[بحاجة لمصدر] Smaller moons may (and most likely do) exist around each of these planets, but are currently undetectable from Earth. Although spacecraft have visited all of these planets, Earth-based telescopes continue to outperform them in moon-detection ability.
القائمة
This is a list of the recognized moons of the planets and of the largest potential dwarf planets of the Solar System, ordered by their official Roman numeral designations. Moons that do not yet have official Roman numeral designations (because their orbits are not yet known well enough) are listed after those that do.
The 19 moons that are known to be large enough to have been rounded by their own gravity are listed in bold. The seven largest moons, which are larger than any of the known dwarf planets, are listed in bold and italic. Sidereal period differs from semi-major axis because a moon's speed depends both on the mass of its primary and its distance from it.
سواتل الكواكب | ||
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Satellite of Earth | Satellites of Jupiter | Satellites of Uranus |
Satellites of Mars | Satellites of Saturn | Satellites of Neptune |
Satellites of generally agreed dwarf planets | ||
Satellite of Orcus | Satellites of Pluto | Satellites of Haumea |
Satellite of Quaoar | Satellite of Makemake | Satellite of Gonggong |
Satellite of Eris | ||
Satellites of other dwarf planet candidates | ||
Satellite of 2003 AZ84 | Satellite of Salacia | Satellite of Varda |
Satellite of 2013 FY27 |
Image | Parent | Numeral | Name | Mean radius (km) | Orbital semi-major axis (km) | Sidereal period (d) (r = retrograde) |
Discovery year | Discovered by | Notes | Ref(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earth | I (1) | Moon | 1,738 | 384,399 | 27.321582 | Prehistoric | — | Synchronous rotation | [11] | |
Mars | I (1) | Phobos | 11.267 | 9,380 | 0.319 | 1877 | Hall | [12][13][14] | ||
Mars | II (2) | Deimos | 6.2±0.18 | 23,460 | 1.262 | 1877 | Hall | [12][13][14] | ||
Jupiter | I (1) | Io | 1,821.6±0.5 | 421,800 | 1.769 | 1610 | Galileo | Main-group moon (Galilean) | [14][15] | |
Jupiter | II (2) | Europa | 1,560.8±0.5 | 671,100 | 3.551 | 1610 | Galileo | Main-group moon (Galilean) | [14][15] | |
Jupiter | III (3) | Ganymede | 2,634.1±0.3 | 1,070,400 | 7.155 | 1610 | Galileo | Main-group moon (Galilean) | [14][15] | |
Jupiter | IV (4) | Callisto | 2,410.3±1.5 | 1,882,700 | 16.69 | 1610 | Galileo | Main-group moon (Galilean) | [14][15] | |
Jupiter | V (5) | Amalthea | 83.5±2 | 181,400 | 0.498 | 1892 | Barnard | Inner moon (Amalthea) | [13][14][16] | |
Jupiter | VI (6) | Himalia | 69.8 | 11,461,000 | 250.56 | 1904 | Perrine | Prograde irregular (Himalia) | [13][14][17][18] | |
Jupiter | VII (7) | Elara | 43 | 11,741,000 | 259.64 | 1905 | Perrine | Prograde irregular (Himalia) | [13][14][19] | |
Jupiter | VIII (8) | Pasiphae | 30 | 23,624,000 | 743.63 (r) | 1908 | Melotte | Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae) | [13][14][20] | |
Jupiter | IX (9) | Sinope | 19 | 23,939,000 | 758.90 (r) | 1914 | Nicholson | Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae) | [13][14][21] | |
Jupiter | X (10) | Lysithea | 18 | 11,717,000 | 259.20 | 1938 | Nicholson | Prograde irregular (Himalia) | [13][14][22] | |
Jupiter | XI (11) | Carme | 23 | 23,404,000 | 734.17 (r) | 1938 | Nicholson | Retrograde irregular (Carme) | [13][14][22] | |
Jupiter | XII (12) | Ananke | 14 | 21,276,000 | 629.77 (r) | 1951 | Nicholson | Retrograde irregular (Ananke) | [13][14][23] | |
Jupiter | XIII (13) | Leda | 10 | 11,165,000 | 240.92 | 1974 | Kowal | Prograde irregular (Himalia) | [13][14][24] | |
Jupiter | XIV (14) | Thebe | 49.3±2.0 | 221,900 | 0.675 | 1979 | Synnott (Voyager 1) | Inner moon (Amalthea) | [13][14][25] | |
Jupiter | XV (15) | Adrastea | 8.2±2.0 | 129,000 | 0.298 | 1979 | Jewitt, Danielson (Voyager 1) | Inner moon (Amalthea) | [13][14][26] | |
Jupiter | XVI (16) | Metis | 21.5±2.0 | 128,000 | 0.295 | 1979 | Synnott (Voyager 1) | Inner moon (Amalthea) | [13][14][27] | |
Jupiter | XVII (17) | Callirrhoe | 4.5 | 24,103,000 | 758.77 (r) | 2000 | Scotti, Spahr, McMillan, Larsen, Montani, Gleason, Gehrels | Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae) | [13][14][28] | |
Jupiter | XVIII (18) | Themisto | 4 | 7,284,000 | 130.02 | 1975/2000 | Kowal and Roemer (original); Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier (rediscovery) | Prograde irregular (Themisto) | [13][14][29][30] | |
Jupiter | XIX (19) | Megaclite | 2.7 | 23,493,000 | 752.86 (r) | 2000 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, Evans | Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae) | [13][14][31] | |
Jupiter | XX (20) | Taygete | 2.5 | 23,280,000 | 732.41 (r) | 2000 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, Evans | Retrograde irregular (Carme) | [13][14][31] | |
Jupiter | XXI (21) | Chaldene | 1.9 | 23,100,000 | 723.72 (r) | 2000 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, Evans | Retrograde irregular (Carme) | [13][14][31] | |
Jupiter | XXII (22) | Harpalyke | 2.2 | 20,858,000 | 623.32 (r) | 2000 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, Evans | Retrograde irregular (Ananke) | [13][14][31] | |
Jupiter | XXIII (23) | Kalyke | 2.6 | 23,483,000 | 742.06 (r) | 2000 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, Evans | Retrograde irregular (Carme) | [13][14][31] | |
Jupiter | XXIV (24) | Iocaste | 2.6 | 21,060,000 | 631.60 (r) | 2000 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, Evans | Retrograde irregular (Ananke) | [13][14][31] | |
Jupiter | XXV (25) | Erinome | 1.6 | 23,196,000 | 728.46 (r) | 2000 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, Evans | Retrograde irregular (Carme) | [13][14][31] | |
Jupiter | XXVI (26) | Isonoe | 2 | 23,155,000 | 726.23 (r) | 2000 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, Evans | Retrograde irregular (Carme) | [13][14][31] | |
Jupiter | XXVII (27) | Praxidike | 3.5 | 20,908,000 | 625.39 (r) | 2000 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, Evans | Retrograde irregular (Ananke) | [13][14][31] | |
Jupiter | XXVIII (28) | Autonoe | 2 | 24,046,000 | 760.95 (r) | 2001 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae) | ||
Jupiter | XXIX (29) | Thyone | 2 | 20,939,000 | 627.21 (r) | 2001 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular (Ananke) | [13][14][32] | |
Jupiter | XXX (30) | Hermippe | 2 | 21,131,000 | 633.9 (r) | 2001 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular (Ananke) | [13][14][32] | |
Jupiter | XXXI (31) | Aitne | 1.5 | 23,229,000 | 730.18 (r) | 2001 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular (Carme) | [13][14][32] | |
Jupiter | XXXII (32) | Eurydome | 1.5 | 22,865,000 | 717.33 (r) | 2001 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae) | [13][14][32] | |
Jupiter | XXXIII (33) | Euanthe | 1.5 | 20,797,000 | 620.49 (r) | 2001 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular (Ananke) | [13][14][32] | |
Jupiter | XXXIV (34) | Euporie | 1 | 19,304,000 | 550.74 (r) | 2001 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular (Ananke) | [13][14][32] | |
Jupiter | XXXV (35) | Orthosie | 1 | 20,720,000 | 622.56 (r) | 2001 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular (Ananke) | [13][14][32] | |
Jupiter | XXXVI (36) | Sponde | 1 | 23,487,000 | 748.34 (r) | 2001 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae) | [13][14][32] | |
Jupiter | XXXVII (37) | Kale | 1 | 23,217,000 | 729.47 (r) | 2001 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular (Carme) | [13][14][32] | |
Jupiter | XXXVIII (38) | Pasithee | 1 | 23,004,000 | 719.44 (r) | 2001 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular (Carme) | [13][14][32] | |
Jupiter | XXXIX (39) | Hegemone | 1.5 | 23,577,000 | 739.88 (r) | 2003 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández | Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae) | [13][14] | |
Jupiter | XL (40) | Mneme | 1 | 21,035,000 | 620.04 (r) | 2003 | Gladman, Allen | Retrograde irregular (Ananke) | [13][14] | |
Jupiter | XLI (41) | Aoede | 2 | 23,980,000 | 761.50 (r) | 2003 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández, Hsieh | Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae) | [13][14] | |
Jupiter | XLII (42) | Thelxinoe | 1 | 21,164,000 | 628.09 (r) | 2003 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Gladman, Kavelaars, Petit, Allen | Retrograde irregular (Ananke) | [13][14] | |
Jupiter | XLIII (43) | Arche | 1.5 | 23,355,000 | 731.95 (r) | 2002 | Sheppard, Meech, Hsieh, Tholen, Tonry | Retrograde irregular (Carme) | [13][14][32] | |
Jupiter | XLIV (44) | Kallichore | 1 | 23,288,000 | 728.73 (r) | 2003 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández | Retrograde irregular (Carme) | [13][14] | |
Jupiter | XLV (45) | Helike | 2 | 21,069,000 | 626.32 (r) | 2003 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández, Hsieh | Retrograde irregular (Ananke) | [13][14] | |
Jupiter | XLVI (46) | Carpo | 1.5 | 17,058,000 | 456.30 | 2003 | Sheppard, Gladman, Kavelaars, Petit, Allen, Jewitt, Kleyna | Prograde irregular (Carpo) | [13][14] | |
Jupiter | XLVII (47) | Eukelade | 2 | 23,328,000 | 730.47 (r) | 2003 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández, Hsieh | Retrograde irregular (Carme) | [13][14] | |
Jupiter | XLVIII (48) | Cyllene | 1 | 23,809,000 | 752 (r) | 2003 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae) | [13][14] | |
Jupiter | XLIX (49) | Kore | 1 | 24,543,000 | 779.17 (r) | 2003 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae) | [13][14] | |
Jupiter | L (50) | Herse | 1 | 22,983,000 | 714.51 (r) | 2003 | Gladman, Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Kavelaars, Petit, Allen | Retrograde irregular (Carme) | [13][14] | |
Jupiter | LI (51) | S/2010 J 1 | 1 | 23,314,300 | 723.2 (r) | 2010 | Jacobson, Brozović, Gladman, Alexandersen | Retrograde irregular (Carme) | [33] | |
Jupiter | LII (52) | S/2010 J 2 | 0.5 | 20,307,200 | 588.1 (r) | 2010 | Veillet | Retrograde irregular (Ananke) | [33] | |
Jupiter | LIII (53) | Dia | 2 | 12,118,000 | 287.0 | 2000 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández, Hsieh | Prograde irregular (Himalia) | [33] | |
Jupiter | LIV (54) | S/2016 J 1 | 3 | 20,595,500 | 602.7 (r) | 2016 | Sheppard | Retrograde irregular (Ananke) | [33] | |
Jupiter | LV (55) | S/2003 J 18 | 1 | 20,274,000 | 588.0 (r) | 2003 | Gladman, Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Kavelaars, Petit, Allen | Retrograde irregular (Ananke) | [33] | |
Jupiter | LVI (56) | S/2011 J 2 | 0.5 | 23,329,700 | 726.8 (r) | 2011 | Sheppard | Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae) | [33] | |
Jupiter | LVII (57) | Eirene | 2 | 23,731,800 | 759.7 (r) | 2003 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández, Hsieh | Retrograde irregular (Carme) | [33] | |
Jupiter | LVIII (58) | Philophrosyne | 1 | 22,820,000 | 701.3 (r) | 2003 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández | Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae) | [33] | |
Jupiter | LIX (59) | S/2017 J 1 | 2 | 23,484,000 | 734.2 (r) | 2017 | Sheppard | Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae) | [33] | |
Jupiter | LX (60) | Eupheme | 1 | 21,199,710 | 627.8 (r) | 2003 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández, Hsieh | Retrograde irregular (Ananke) | [33] | |
Jupiter | LXI (61) | S/2003 J 19 | 1 | 22,757,000 | 697.6 (r) | 2003 | Gladman, Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Kavelaars, Petit, Allen | Retrograde irregular (Carme) | [33] | |
Jupiter | LXII (62) | Valetudo | 0.5 | 18,928,100 | 532.0 | 2016 | Sheppard | Prograde irregular (Valetudo) | [33] | |
Jupiter | LXIII (63) | S/2017 J 2 | 1 | 23,241,000 | 723.8 (r) | 2017 | Sheppard | Retrograde irregular (Carme) | [33] | |
Jupiter | LXIV (64) | S/2017 J 3 | 1 | 20,639,300 | 605.8 (r) | 2017 | Sheppard | Retrograde irregular (Ananke) | [33] | |
Jupiter | LXV (65) | Pandia | 1.5 | 11,494,800 | 251.8 (r) | 2017 | Sheppard | Prograde irregular (Himalia) | [33] | |
Jupiter | LXVI (66) | S/2017 J 5 | 1 | 23,169,400 | 720.5 (r) | 2017 | Sheppard | Retrograde irregular (Carme) | [33] | |
Jupiter | LXVII (67) | S/2017 J 6 | 1 | 22,394,700 | 684.7 (r) | 2017 | Sheppard | Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae) | [33] | |
Jupiter | LXVIII (68) | S/2017 J 7 | 1 | 20,571,500 | 602.8 (r) | 2017 | Sheppard | Retrograde irregular (Ananke) | [33] | |
Jupiter | LXIX (69) | S/2017 J 8 | 0.5 | 23,174,400 | 720.7 (r) | 2017 | Sheppard | Retrograde irregular (Carme) | [33] | |
Jupiter | LXX (70) | S/2017 J 9 | 1 | 21,430,000 | 640.9 (r) | 2017 | Sheppard | Retrograde irregular (Ananke) | [33] | |
Jupiter | LXXI (71) | Ersa | 1.5 | 11,453,000 | 250.4 (r) | 2018 | Sheppard | Retrograde irregular (Himalia) | [33] | |
Jupiter | LXXII (72) | S/2011 J 1 | 0.5 | 20,155,300 | 580.7 (r) | 2011 | Sheppard | Retrograde irregular (Carme) | [33] | |
Jupiter | — | S/2003 J 2 | 1 | 20,554,400 | 602.02 (r) | 2003 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández, Hsieh | Retrograde irregular (Ananke) | [13][14] | |
Jupiter | — | S/2003 J 4 | 1 | 22,048,600 | 668.85 (r) | 2003 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández, Hsieh | Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae) | [13][14] | |
Jupiter | — | S/2003 J 9 | 0.5 | 24,168,700 | 767.6 (r) | 2003 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández | Retrograde irregular (Carme) | [13][34] | |
Jupiter | — | S/2003 J 10 | 1 | 22,896,000 | 707.78 (r) | 2003 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández | Retrograde irregular (Carme?) | [13][14] | |
Jupiter | — | S/2003 J 12 | 0.5 | 21,557,700 | 646.64 (r) | 2003 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández | Retrograde irregular (Ananke) | [13][14] | |
Jupiter | — | S/2003 J 16 | 1 | 20,512,500 | 600.18 (r) | 2003 | Gladman, Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Kavelaars, Petit, Allen | Retrograde irregular (Ananke) | [13][35] | |
Jupiter | — | S/2003 J 23 | 1 | 24,678,100 | 792.00 (r) | 2003 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández | Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae) | [13][14] | |
Jupiter | — | S/2003 J 24 | 3 | 23,088,000 | 715.4 (r) | 2003 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Gladman, Kleyna, Veillet | Retrograde irregular (Carme) | [36] | |
Saturn | I (1) | Mimas | 198.2±0.4 | 185,540 | 0.942 | 1789 | Herschel | Main-group moon | [13][14] | |
Saturn | II (2) | Enceladus | 252.1±0.2 | 238,040 | 1.370 | 1789 | Herschel | Main-group moon | [13][14] | |
Saturn | III (3) | Tethys | 533.1±0.7 | 294,670 | 1.888 | 1684 | Cassini | Main-group moon (Sidera Lodoicea) | [13][14] | |
Saturn | IV (4) | Dione | 561.4±0.4 | 377,420 | 2.737 | 1684 | Cassini | Main-group moon (Sidera Lodoicea) | [13][14] | |
Saturn | V (5) | Rhea | 763.8±1.0 | 527,070 | 4.518 | 1672 | Cassini | Main-group moon (Sidera Lodoicea) | [13][14] | |
Saturn | VI (6) | Titan | 2,574.73±0.09 | 1,221,870 | 15.95 | 1655 | Huygens | Main-group moon | [13][14] | |
Saturn | VII (7) | Hyperion | 135 | 1,500,880 | 21.28 | 1848 | W.Bond, G. Bond, and Lassell | Main-group moon | [13][14] | |
Saturn | VIII (8) | Iapetus | 735.6±1.5 | 3,560,840 | 79.33 | 1671 | Cassini | Main-group moon (Sidera Lodoicea) | [13][14] | |
Saturn | IX (9) | Phoebe | 106.5±0.7 | 12,947,780 | 550.31 (r) | 1899 | Pickering | Retrograde irregular (Norse) | [13][14] | |
Saturn | X (10) | Janus | 89.5±1.4 | 151,460 | 0.695 | 1966 | Dollfus; Voyager 1 (confirmed) | Inner moon (co-orbital) | [13][14] | |
Saturn | XI (11) | Epimetheus | 58.1±1.8 | 151,410 | 0.694 | 1966 | Walker; Voyager 1 (confirmed) | Inner moon (co-orbital) | [13][14] | |
Saturn | XII (12) | Helene | 17.6±0.4 | 377,420 | 2.737 | 1980 | Laques, Lecacheux | Main-group trojan | [13][14] | |
Saturn | XIII (13) | Telesto | 12.4±0.4 | 294,710 | 1.888 | 1980 | Smith, Reitsema, Larson, Fountain (Voyager 1) | Main-group trojan | [13][14] | |
Saturn | XIV (14) | Calypso | 10.7±0.7 | 294,710 | 1.888 | 1980 | Pascu, Seidelmann, Baum, Currie | Main-group trojan | [13][14] | |
Saturn | XV (15) | Atlas | 15.1±0.9 | 137,670 | 0.602 | 1980 | Terrile (Voyager 1) | Inner moon (shepherd) | [13][14] | |
Saturn | XVI (16) | Prometheus | 43.1±2.7 | 139,380 | 0.613 | 1980 | Collins (Voyager 1) | Inner moon (shepherd) | [13][14] | |
Saturn | XVII (17) | Pandora | 40.7±1.5 | 141,720 | 0.629 | 1980 | Collins (Voyager 1) | Inner moon (shepherd) | [13][14] | |
Saturn | XVIII (18) | Pan | 14.1 | 133,580 | 0.575 | 1990 | Showalter (Voyager 2) | Inner moon (shepherd) | [13][14] | |
Saturn | XIX (19) | Ymir | 9 | 23,140,400 | 1,315.58 (r) | 2000 | Gladman | Retrograde irregular (Norse) | [13][14] | |
Saturn | XX (20) | Paaliaq | 11 | 15,200,000 | 686.95 | 2000 | Gladman | Prograde irregular (Inuit) | [13][14] | |
Saturn | XXI (21) | Tarvos | 7.5 | 17,983,000 | 926.23 | 2000 | Gladman, Kavelaars | Prograde irregular (Gallic) | [13][14] | |
Saturn | XXII (22) | Ijiraq | 6 | 11,124,000 | 451.42 | 2000 | Gladman, Kavelaars | Prograde irregular (Inuit) | [13][14] | |
Saturn | XXIII (23) | Suttungr | 3.5 | 19,459,000 | 1,016.67 (r) | 2000 | Gladman, Kavelaars | Retrograde irregular (Norse) | [13][14] | |
Saturn | XXIV (24) | Kiviuq | 8 | 11,110,000 | 449.22 | 2000 | Gladman | Prograde irregular (Inuit) | [13][14] | |
Saturn | XXV (25) | Mundilfari | 3.5 | 18,628,000 | 952.77 (r) | 2000 | Gladman, Kavelaars | Retrograde irregular (Norse) | [13][14] | |
Saturn | XXVI (26) | Albiorix | 16 | 16,182,000 | 783.45 | 2000 | Holman, Spahr | Prograde irregular (Gallic) | [13][14] | |
Saturn | XXVII (27) | Skathi | 4 | 15,540,000 | 728.20 (r) | 2000 | Gladman, Kavelaars | Retrograde irregular (Norse) | [13][14] | |
Saturn | XXVIII (28) | Erriapus | 5 | 17,343,000 | 871.19 | 2000 | Gladman, Kavelaars | Prograde irregular (Gallic) | [13][14] | |
Saturn | XXIX (29) | Siarnaq | 20 | 18,015,400 | 896.44 | 2000 | Gladman, Kavelaars | Prograde irregular (Inuit) | [13][14] | |
Saturn | XXX (30) | Thrymr | 3.5 | 20,314,000 | 1,094.11 (r) | 2000 | Gladman, Kavelaars | Retrograde irregular (Norse) | [13][14] | |
Saturn | XXXI (31) | Narvi | 3.5 | 19,007,000 | 1,003.86 (r) | 2003 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular (Norse) | [13][14] | |
Saturn | XXXII (32) | Methone | 1.45 | 194,440 | 1.010 | 2004 | Porco, Charnoz, Brahic, Dones (Cassini–Huygens) | Alkyonide moon | [14] | |
Saturn | XXXIII (33) | Pallene | 2.22 | 212,280 | 1.154 | 2004 | Gordon, Murray, Beurle, et al. (Cassini–Huygens) | Alkyonide moon | [14] | |
Saturn | XXXIV (34) | Polydeuces | 1.3 | 377,200 | 2.737 | 2004 | Porco et al. (Cassini–Huygens) | Main-group trojan | [14] | |
Saturn | XXXV (35) | Daphnis | 3.8±0.8 | 136,500 | 0.594 | 2005 | Porco et al. (Cassini–Huygens) | Inner moon (shepherd) | [14] | |
Saturn | XXXVI (36) | Aegir | 3 | 20,751,000 | 1,117.52 (r) | 2004 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden | Retrograde irregular (Norse) | [13][14] | |
Saturn | XXXVII (37) | Bebhionn | 3 | 17,119,000 | 834.84 | 2004 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden | Prograde irregular (Gallic) | [13][14] | |
Saturn | XXXVIII (38) | Bergelmir | 3 | 19,336,000 | 1,005.74 (r) | 2004 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden | Retrograde irregular (Norse) | [13][14] | |
Saturn | XXXIX (39) | Bestla | 3.5 | 20,192,000 | 1,088.72 (r) | 2004 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden | Retrograde irregular (Norse) | [13][14] | |
Saturn | XL (40) | Farbauti | 2.5 | 20,377,000 | 1,085.55 (r) | 2004 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden | Retrograde irregular (Norse) | [13][14] | |
Saturn | XLI (41) | Fenrir | 2 | 22,454,000 | 1,260.35 (r) | 2004 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden | Retrograde irregular (Norse) | [13][14] | |
Saturn | XLII (42) | Fornjot | 3 | 25,146,000 | 1,494.2 (r) | 2004 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden | Retrograde irregular (Norse) | [13][14] | |
Saturn | XLIII (43) | Hati | 3 | 19,846,000 | 1,038.61 (r) | 2004 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden | Retrograde irregular (Norse) | [13][14] | |
Saturn | XLIV (44) | Hyrrokkin | 4 | 18,437,000 | 931.86 (r) | 2004 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular (Norse) | [14] | |
Saturn | XLV (45) | Kari | 3.5 | 22,089,000 | 1,230.97 (r) | 2006 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular (Norse) | [14] | |
Saturn | XLVI (46) | Loge | 3 | 23,058,000 | 1,311.36 (r) | 2006 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular (Norse) | [14] | |
Saturn | XLVII (47) | Skoll | 3 | 17,665,000 | 878.29 (r) | 2006 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular (Norse) | [14] | |
Saturn | XLVIII (48) | Surtur | 3 | 22,704,000 | 1,297.36 (r) | 2006 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular (Norse) | [14] | |
Saturn | XLIX (49) | Anthe | 0.9 | 197,700 | 1.0365 | 2007 | Porco et al. (Cassini–Huygens) | Alkyonide moon | [37] | |
Saturn | L (50) | Jarnsaxa | 3 | 18,811,000 | 964.74 (r) | 2006 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular (Norse) | [14] | |
Saturn | LI (51) | Greip | 3 | 18,206,000 | 921.19 (r) | 2006 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular (Norse) | [14] | |
Saturn | LII (52) | Tarqeq | 3.5 | 18,009,000 | 887.48 | 2007 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Prograde irregular (Inuit) | [14] | |
Saturn | LIII (53) | Aegaeon | 0.33 | 167,500 | 0.808 | 2008 | Cassini Imaging Science Team Cassini–Huygens | G-ring moonlet | [38][39] | |
Saturn | LIV (54) | S/2004 S 20 | 3 | 19,418,000 | 1,010.55 (r) | 2019 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular (Norse?) | [40] | |
Saturn | LV (55) | S/2004 S 22 | 3 | 20,636,000 | 1,107.13 (r) | 2019 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular (Norse?) | [41] | |
Saturn | LVI (56) | S/2004 S 23 | 4 | 21,163,000 | 1,149.82 (r) | 2019 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular (Norse?) | [42] | |
Saturn | LVII (57) | S/2004 S 25 | 4 | 21,174,000 | 1,150.69 (r) | 2019 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular (Norse?) | [43] | |
Saturn | LVIII (58) | S/2004 S 26 | 4 | 26,676,000 | 1,627.18 (r) | 2019 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden | Retrograde irregular (Norse?) | [44] | |
Saturn | LIX (59) | S/2004 S 27 | 6 | 19,976,000 | 1,054.45 (r) | 2019 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden, Jacobson | Retrograde irregular (Norse?) | [45] | |
Saturn | LX (60) | S/2004 S 29 | 4 | 16,981,000 | 826.44 | 2019 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden | Prograde irregular (Inuit) | [46] | |
Saturn | LXI (61) | S/2004 S 30 | 3 | 20,396,000 | 1,087.84 (r) | 2019 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular (Norse?) | [47] | |
Saturn | LXII (62) | S/2004 S 32 | 4 | 21,214,000 | 1,153.96 (r) | 2019 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular (Norse?) | [48] | |
Saturn | LXIII (63) | S/2004 S 33 | 4 | 24,168,000 | 1,403.18 (r) | 2019 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular (Norse?) | [49] | |
Saturn | LXIV (64) | S/2004 S 34 | 3 | 24,299,000 | 1,414.59 (r) | 2019 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular (Norse?) | [50] | |
Saturn | LXV (65) | S/2004 S 35 | 6 | 22,412,000 | 1,253.08 (r) | 2019 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden | Retrograde irregular (Norse?) | [51] | |
Saturn | LXVI (66) | S/2004 S 38 | 4 | 21,908,000 | 1,211.02 (r) | 2019 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular (Norse?) | [52] | |
Saturn | — | S/2004 S 7 | 3 | 20,999,000 | 1,140.24 (r) | 2004 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden | Retrograde irregular (Norse?) | [13][14] | |
Saturn | — | S/2004 S 12 | 2.5 | 19,878,000 | 1,046.19 (r) | 2004 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden | Retrograde irregular (Norse?) | [13][14] | |
Saturn | — | S/2004 S 13 | 3 | 18,404,000 | 933.48 (r) | 2004 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden | Retrograde irregular (Norse?) | [13][14] | |
Saturn | — | S/2004 S 17 | 2 | 19,447,000 | 1,014.70 (r) | 2004 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden | Retrograde irregular (Norse?) | [13][14] | |
Saturn | — | S/2004 S 21 | 3 | 22,645,000 | 1,272.61 (r) | 2019 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular (Norse?) | [53] | |
Saturn | — | S/2004 S 24 | 3 | 22,901,000 | 1,294.25 | 2019 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden | Prograde irregular (group unknown, possibly Gallic?) | [54] | |
Saturn | — | S/2004 S 28 | 4 | 22,020,000 | 1,220.31 (r) | 2019 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden | Retrograde irregular (Norse?) | [55] | |
Saturn | — | S/2004 S 31 | 4 | 17,568,000 | 869.65 | 2019 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden | Prograde irregular (Inuit) | [56] | |
Saturn | — | S/2004 S 36 | 3 | 23,192,000 | 1,319.07 (r) | 2019 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular (Norse?) | [57] | |
Saturn | — | S/2004 S 37 | 4 | 15,892,000 | 748.18 (r) | 2019 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular (Norse?) | [58] | |
Saturn | — | S/2004 S 39 | 3 | 23,575,000 | 1,351.83 (r) | 2019 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular (Norse?) | [59] | |
Saturn | — | S/2006 S 1 | 3 | 18,790,000 | 963.37 (r) | 2006 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular (Norse?) | [14] | |
Saturn | — | S/2006 S 3 | 3 | 22,096,000 | 1,227.21 (r) | 2006 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular (Norse?) | [14] | |
Saturn | — | S/2007 S 2 | 3 | 16,725,000 | 808.08 (r) | 2007 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular (Norse?) | [14] | |
Saturn | — | S/2007 S 3 | 3 | 18,975,000 | 977.8 (r) | 2007 | Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna | Retrograde irregular (Norse?) | [14] | |
Saturn | — | S/2009 S 1 | 0.15 | 117,000 | 0.471 | 2009 | Cassini Imaging Science Team Cassini–Huygens | B-ring moonlet | [60] | |
Saturn | — | S/2019 S 1 | 3 | 11,221,000 | 443.8 | 2021 | Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen | Prograde irregular (Inuit) | [61] | |
Uranus | I (1) | Ariel | 578.9±0.6 | 190,900 | 2.520 | 1851 | Lassell | Main-group moon | [13][14] | |
Uranus | II (2) | Umbriel | 584.7±2.8 | 266,000 | 4.144 | 1851 | Lassell | Main-group moon | [13][14] | |
Uranus | III (3) | Titania | 788.9±1.8 | 436,300 | 8.706 | 1787 | Herschel | Main-group moon | [13][14] | |
Uranus | IV (4) | Oberon | 761.4±2.6 | 583,500 | 13.46 | 1787 | Herschel | Main-group moon | [13][14] | |
Uranus | V (5) | Miranda | 235.8±0.7 | 129,900 | 1.413 | 1948 | Kuiper | Main-group moon | [13][14] | |
Uranus | VI (6) | Cordelia | 20.1±3 | 49,800 | 0.335 | 1986 | Terrile (Voyager 2) | Inner moon (shepherd) | [13][14] | |
Uranus | VII (7) | Ophelia | 21.4±4 | 53,800 | 0.376 | 1986 | Terrile (Voyager 2) | Inner moon (shepherd) | [13][14] | |
Uranus | VIII (8) | Bianca | 25.7±2 | 59,200 | 0.435 | 1986 | Smith (Voyager 2) | Inner moon | [13][14] | |
Uranus | IX (9) | Cressida | 39.8±2 | 61,800 | 0.464 | 1986 | Synnott (Voyager 2) | Inner moon | [13][14] | |
Uranus | X (10) | Desdemona | 32±4 | 62,700 | 0.474 | 1986 | Synnott (Voyager 2) | Inner moon | [13][14] | |
Uranus | XI (11) | Juliet | 46.8±4 | 64,400 | 0.493 | 1986 | Synnott (Voyager 2) | Inner moon | [13][14] | |
Uranus | XII (12) | Portia | 67.6±4.0 | 66,100 | 0.513 | 1986 | Synnott (Voyager 2) | Inner moon | [13][14] | |
Uranus | XIII (13) | Rosalind | 36±6 | 69,900 | 0.558 | 1986 | Synnott (Voyager 2) | Inner moon | [13][14] | |
Uranus | XIV (14) | Belinda | 40.3±8 | 75,300 | 0.624 | 1986 | Synnott (Voyager 2) | Inner moon | [13][14] | |
Uranus | XV (15) | Puck | 81±2 | 86,000 | 0.762 | 1985 | Synnott (Voyager 2) | Inner moon | [13][14] | |
Uranus | XVI (16) | Caliban | 36.4 | 7,231,100 | 579.73 (r) | 1997 | Gladman, Nicholson, Burns, Kavelaars | Retrograde irregular | [62][14] | |
Uranus | XVII (17) | Sycorax | 93 | 12,179,400 | 1,288.38 (r) | 1997 | Gladman, Nicholson, Burns, Kavelaars | Retrograde irregular | [62][14] | |
Uranus | XVIII (18) | Prospero | 25 | 16,256,000 | 1,978.29 (r) | 1999 | Gladman, Holman, Kavelaars, Petit, Scholl | Retrograde irregular | [13][14] | |
Uranus | XIX (19) | Setebos | 24 | 17,418,000 | 2,225.21 (r) | 1999 | Gladman, Holman, Kavelaars, Petit, Scholl | Retrograde irregular | [13][14] | |
Uranus | XX (20) | Stephano | 16 | 8,004,000 | 677.36 (r) | 1999 | Gladman, Holman, Kavelaars, Petit, Scholl | Retrograde irregular | [13][14] | |
Uranus | XXI (21) | Trinculo | 9.5 | 8,504,000 | 749.24 (r) | 2001 | Holman, Kavelaars, Milisavljevic | Retrograde irregular | [13][14] | |
Uranus | XXII (22) | Francisco | 11 | 4,276,000 | 266.56 (r) | 2001 | Holman, Kavelaars, Milisavljevic, Gladman | Retrograde irregular | [13][14] | |
Uranus | XXIII (23) | Margaret | 10 | 14,345,000 | 1,687.01 | 2003 | Sheppard, Jewitt | Prograde irregular | [13][14] | |
Uranus | XXIV (24) | Ferdinand | 10 | 20,901,000 | 2,887.21 (r) | 2001 | Holman, Kavelaars, Milisavljevic, et al. | Retrograde irregular | [13][14] | |
Uranus | XXV (25) | Perdita | 15 | 76,417 | 0.638 | 1999 | Karkoschka (Voyager 2) | Inner moon | [14] | |
Uranus | XXVI (26) | Mab | 12 | 97,736 | 0.923 | 2003 | Showalter, Lissauer | Inner moon | [14] | |
Uranus | XXVII (27) | Cupid | 9 | 74,392 | 0.613 | 2003 | Showalter, Lissauer | Inner moon | [14] | |
Neptune | I (1) | Triton | 1,353.4±0.9 | 354,800 | 5.877 (r) | 1846 | Lassell | Retrograde irregular | [13][14] | |
Neptune | II (2) | Nereid | 170±25 | 5,513,820 | 360.14 | 1949 | Kuiper | Prograde irregular | [63][14] | |
Neptune | III (3) | Naiad | 33±3 | 48,224 | 0.294 | 1989 | Terrile (Voyager 2) | Inner moon | [13][14] | |
Neptune | IV (4) | Thalassa | 41±3 | 50,075 | 0.311 | 1989 | Terrile (Voyager 2) | Inner moon | [13][14] | |
Neptune | V (5) | Despina | 78±4.7 | 52,526 | 0.335 | 1989 | Synnott (Voyager 2) | Inner moon | [13][14] | |
Neptune | VI (6) | Galatea | 88±4 | 61,953 | 0.429 | 1989 | Synnott (Voyager 2) | Inner moon | [13][14] | |
Neptune | VII (7) | Larissa | 97±3 | 73,548 | 0.555 | 1981 | Reitsema, Hubbard, Lebofsky, Tholen (Voyager 2) | Inner moon | [13][14] | |
Neptune | VIII (8) | Proteus | 210±7 | 117,647 | 1.122 | 1989 | Synnott (Voyager 2) | Inner moon | [13][14] | |
Neptune | IX (9) | Halimede | 31 | 15,728,000 | 1,879.71 (r) | 2002 | Holman, Kavelaars, Grav, Fraser, Milisavljevic | Retrograde irregular | [13][14] | |
Neptune | X (10) | Psamathe | 20 | 46,695,000 | 9,115.91 (r) | 2003 | Jewitt, Kleyna, Sheppard, Holman, Kavelaars | Retrograde irregular | [13][14] | |
Neptune | XI (11) | Sao | 22 | 22,422,000 | 2,914.07 | 2002 | Holman, Kavelaars, Grav, Fraser, Milisavljevic | Prograde irregular | [13][14] | |
Neptune | XII (12) | Laomedeia | 21 | 23,571,000 | 3,167.85 | 2002 | Holman, Kavelaars, Grav, Fraser, Milisavljevic | Prograde irregular | [13][14] | |
Neptune | XIII (13) | Neso | 30 | 48,387,000 | 9,373.99 (r) | 2002 | Holman, Kavelaars, Grav, Fraser, Milisavljevic | Retrograde irregular | [13][14] | |
Neptune | XIV (14) | Hippocamp | 17.4 | 105,283 | 0.9362 | 2013 | Showalter et al. | Inner moon | [64] | |
Orcus | I (1) | Vanth | 221±5 | 9,000±9 | 9.539 | 2005 | Brown & Suer | Synchronous rotation | [65] | |
2003 AZ84 | — | (unnamed) | 72±12 | (unknown) | (unknown) | 2005 | Brown & Suer | [66] | ||
Pluto | I (1) | Charon | 606±0.5 | 19,591 | 6.387 | 1978 | Christy | Synchronous rotation | [13][14] | |
Pluto | II (2) | Nix | 22.5 | 48,671 | 24.85 | 2005 | Weaver, Stern, Buie, et al. | Chaotic rotation | [13][14] | |
Pluto | III (3) | Hydra | 27.5 | 64,698 | 38.20 | 2005 | Weaver, Stern, Buie, et al. | Chaotic rotation | [13][14] | |
Pluto | IV (4) | Kerberos | 7 | 57,729 | 32.17 | 2011 | Showalter (Hubble) | Chaotic rotation | [13][14][67][68] | |
Pluto | V (5) | Styx | 5.5 | 42,393 | 20.16 | 2012 | Showalter (Hubble) | Chaotic rotation | [13][14][69] | |
Salacia | I (1) | Actaea | 142±5 | 5,724±27 | 5.494 | 2006 | Noll et al. | [65] | ||
Haumea | I (1) | Hiʻiaka | ≈160 | 49,880 | 49.12 | 2005 | Brown et al. | [8][70][71] | ||
Haumea | II (2) | Namaka | ≈85 | 25,657 | 18.2783 | 2005 | Brown et al. | [8][70][71] | ||
Quaoar | I (1) | Weywot | 37 | 14,500±800 | 12.438 | 2007 | Brown | [72] | ||
Makemake | — | S/2015 (136472) 1 | ≈87.5 | >21,000 | >12.4 | 2016 | Parker et al. | [73][74] | ||
Varda | I (1) | Ilmarë | 163±18[75] | 4,809±39 | 5.751 | 2009 | Noll et al. | [76] | ||
2013 FY27 | — | (unnamed) | 95 | (unknown) | (unknown) | 2018 | Sheppard | [77] | ||
Gonggong | I (1) | Xiangliu | 150 | 24,020±200 | 25.221 | 2010 | Marton, Kiss & Müller | assuming a prograde orbit | [78] | |
Eris | I (1) | Dysnomia | 350±60[7] | 37,273±64 | 15.786 | 2005 | Brown, Rabinowitz, Trujillo et al. | SDO moon | [79] |
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
انظر أيضاً
- قائمة الثقوب السوداء
- List of dwarf planets
- قائمة المجرات
- List of IAU designated constellations
- List of largest cosmic structures
- List of multiplanetary systems
- List of Solar System objects by size
- List of Solar System objects most distant from the Sun
- قوائم الأجرام الفلكية
- قوائم الكواكب الخارجية
- قوائم النجوم
- قوائم النجوم حسب الكوكبة
المراجع
- Media related to Natural satellites at Wikimedia Commons
- ^ Ice in the Solar System - NASA
- ^ Warell, J.; Karlsson, O. (2007). "A search for natural satellites of Mercury". Planetary and Space Science. 55 (14): 2037–2041. Bibcode:2007P&SS...55.2037W. doi:10.1016/j.pss.2007.06.004.
- ^ "Solar System Exploration: Planets: Venus: Moons". NASA. Archived from the original on 11 February 2016. Retrieved 16 March 2008.
- ^ Sheppard, Scott; et al. (2004). "A Survey for Outer Satellites of Mars: Limits to Completeness". The Astronomical Journal. 128 (5): 2542–2546. arXiv:astro-ph/0409522. Bibcode:2004AJ....128.2542S. doi:10.1086/424541. S2CID 45681283.
- ^ Buie, Marc W.; Grundy, William M.; Young, Eliot F.; Young, Leslie A.; Stern, S. Alan (2006). "Orbits and Photometry of Pluto's Satellites: Charon, S/2005 P1, and S/2005 P2". The Astronomical Journal. 132 (1): 290–298. arXiv:astro-ph/0512491. Bibcode:2006AJ....132..290B. doi:10.1086/504422. S2CID 119386667.. a, i, e per JPL (site updated 2008 Aug 25)
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