هتمانية القوزاق

هذا المقال هو عن the Cossack state. إذا كنت تريد the government of the Ukrainian People's Republic 1918–20، انظر Ukrainian State.

Zaporizhian Host
1649–1764
العلم Coat of arms
الهتمانية في 1654 (على خلفية اوكرانيا المعاصرة).
العاصمة	Chyhyryn، Baturyn، هليوخيف
اللغات الشائعة	الاوكرانية
الدين	الروم الأرثوذكس
الحكومة	ملكية-جمهورية
Hetman
• 1648-1657 (الأول)	بوهدان خملنيتسكي
• 1750-1764 (الأخير)	Kyrylo Rozumovsky
التشريع	General Cossack Council Council of Officers
التاريخ
• Treaty of Zboriv	1649
• Treaty of Bila Tserkva	1651
• Treaty of Pereyaslav	1654
• Treaty of Andrusovo	1667
• Hetman post abolished	1764
• انحلت	1764

هتمانية القوزاق،The Hetmanate (Ukrainian: Гетьманщина, Het’manshchyna) or Zaporizhian Host (Ukrainian: Військо Запорозьке, Viys’kо Zaporoz’kе) was the Ukrainian Cossack state[1] in Central Ukraine between 1649 and 1764. The Hetmanate was founded by Ukrainian hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky during the Khmelnytsky Uprising (1648–1657).

In 1654 it pledged its allegiance to Muscovy during the Council of Pereyaslav, while being a constituency of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Later the documents of the treaty (articles) were rewritten numerous times for reorganization purposes at every election of the new hetman. A regional referendum concluded the fall of the region under the protection of the Russian monarchy that guaranteed sovereignty of the region in fight against the Polish Crown. The Treaty of Andrusovo of 1667, however, was conducted without any representation from the Cossack Hetmanate and concluded the borders between Polish and Russian states, dividing the Hetmanate in half along the Dnieper. This division caused a civil war in Ukraine between various parties of Cossacks that lasted till the end of the 17th century. Already in December of 1662 the government of Russia established the Little Russian prikaz as part a department of the Polish prikaz.

In the 18th century the territory of the Hetmanate was limited to Left-bank Ukraine with its capital in Baturyn. Russian forces sacked Baturyn during the Great Northern War and redesignated the new hetman residence to Hlukhiv, while the whole area was included into the Government of Kiev. Catherine II of Russia officially abolished the autonomy of the Cossack state in 1764.[2] The Cossack Hetmanate was subsequently split between the Governments of Kiev and Malorossiya.

The Hetmanate consisted of the territory of modern-day central Ukraine and a small part of Russia (former Starodub region of Chernigov Governorate). Specifically, its territory included provinces of Chernihiv, Poltava, and Sumy (without the southeastern portion), the left-bank territories of Kiev and Cherkasy, as well as the western portion of Bryansk Oblast of Russia. The lands of the Zaporizhian Host had a certain degree of self-government with its own administration.

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 تاريخ

 التأسيس

Hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky's triumphal entry to Kiev in 1648.

المقالة الرئيسية: انتفاضة خملنيتسكي

 محمية موسكو

المقالة الرئيسية: Treaty of Pereyaslav

 الخراب

Cossack raider with a head of an enemy

المقالة الرئيسية: The Ruin (Ukrainian history) and Treaty of Andrusovo

To war! (Mykola Pymonenko, 1902)

 عصر مازيپا

The St. Michael's Golden-Domed Cathedral in Kiev, built with funds from Hetman Ivan Mazepa.

 End of the Zaporozhian Host

انظر أيضاً: Maksym Zalizniak

 الثقافة

 التعليم

The Kyiv Mohyla Academy as seen today.

 الدين

The Mezhyhirskyi Monastery, located on the right bank of the Dnieper. Fyodor Solntsev, 1843.

 المجتمع

 النبلاء

• 

  Noble girl
• 

  Noble lady
• 

  Noble lady
• 

  Nobleman

 القوزاق

• 

  Cossack colonel
• 

  Cossack captain
• 

  Cossack secretary
• 

  Cossack private

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 سكان البلدة

• 

  City girl
• 

  City woman
• 

  Townsman

 الفلاحون

• 

  Peasant girl
• 

  Peasant girl
• 

  Peasant woman
• 

  Peasant

 الحكومة

 الإدارة

 قائمة الكتائب

الكتيبة	الدرع	سنوات التشكيل	المصير	تشكيل آخر	ملاحظات
Chyhyryn Regiment		1625-1678		1704-1712
Cherkasy Regiment		1625-1686	merged with Pereyaslav
Korsun Regiment		1625-1712
Bila Tserkva Regiment		1625-1712
Kaniv Regiment		1625-1712
Pereyaslav Regiment		1625-1782
Kiev Regiment		1625-1782
Myrhorod Regiment		1625-1782
Ovruch Regiment		1648-????
Irkliyiv Regiment		1648-1648	merged with Kropyvna	1658-1659
Sosnytsia Regiment		1648-1648	merged with Chernihiv	1663-1668	merged with Chernihiv
Chornobyl Regiment		1648-1649		1651-1651
Borzna Regiment		1648-1649	merged with Chernihiv	1654-1655	merged with Nizhyn
Zhyvotiv Regiment		1648-1649	merged with Vinnytsia
Ichnya Regiment		1648-1649	merged with Pryluky
Hadiach Regiment		1648-1649	merged with Poltava
Zvyahel Regiment		1648-1649
Ostropil Regiment		1648-1649		1657-1658
Podillya Regiment		1648-1649		1657-1676
Lyubartiv Regiment		1648-1649
Lysyanka Regiment		1648-1657	split among others
Bratslav Regiment		1648-1667	merged with Vinnytsia	1685-1712
Vinnytsia Regiment		1648-1667	(Kalnyk) merged with Chechelnyk
Uman Regiment		1648-1675
Pavoloch Regiment		1648-1675
Poltava Regiment		1648-1675
Lubny Regiment		1648-1781
Nizhyn Regiment		1648-1782
Pryluky Regiment		1648-1782
Chernihiv Regiment		1648-1782
Kropyvna Regiment		1649-1658	split Lubny/Pereyaslav
Chechelnyk Regiment		1650-1673
Novhorod Regiment		1653-1654	merged with Nizhyn	1668-1668	merged with Starodub
Belarus Regiment		1654-1659
Pinsk-Turov Regiment		1654-1659
Starodub Regiment		1654-1782
Kremenchuk Regiment		1661-1666
Hlukhiv Regiment		1663-1665	merged with Nizhyn
Zinkiv Regiment		1671-1782	name change to Hadiach
Fastiv Regiment		1684-1712	merged with Bila Tserkva
Bohuslav Regiment		1685-1712

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 القيادة

Hetman Danylo Apostol.

 انظر أيضا

• Hetmans of Ukrainian Cossacks
• Sloboda Ukraine
• Zaporozhian Cossacks
• Zaporizhian Sich
• Zaporozhia (region)
• List of Ukrainian rulers

 المصادر

• Magocsi, Paul Robert (1996). A History of Ukraine. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. ISBN 0-8020-0830-5.

 وصلات خارجية

• Okinshevych, L. "Hetman state". Encyclopedia of Ukraine. Retrieved 2008-01-02. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
• "The Left-Bank Hetmanate". Missiono of Ukraine to European Communities. Retrieved 2008-01-02.
• "Cossack State after 1649 (map)". sumy.net.ua. Retrieved 2008-01-02.
• Stephen Velychenko, "the battle of poltava and the decline of cossack ukraine in light of russian and english methods of rule in their borderlands 1707-1914." http://historians.in.ua/index.php/doslidzhennya/326-stephen-velychenko-the-battle-of-poltava-and-the-decline-of-cossack-ukraine-in-light-of-russian-and-english-methods-of-rule-in-their-borderlands-1707-1914