كالي، كولومبيا

Cali Tower
Cali Tower
معلومات عامة
الإحداثيات	3°27′32.40″N 76°31′44.4″W / 3.4590000°N 76.529000°W
اكتمل	1984
التصميم والإنشاء
المعماري	Jaime Vélez
المطور	Julián Echeverri cía.
المهندس الإنشائي	Enrique Martínez Romero

Cali, Colombia
Cali, Colombia
Municipality
	Santiago de Cali
	From the top: Cali night skyline, Enrique Buenaventura Municipal Theater, San Antonio Church, El Gato del Río, Cristo Rey and Central Panoramic view.
	Flag الشعار
	الكنية: "The Salsa capital of the world", "Capital of Happiness", "Sports Capital of Colombia", "Branch of heaven", "The Sultana of the Valley"
	Location of the municipality and city of Cali in the Valle del Cauca Department.
	Cali, Colombia Location in Colombia
	الإحداثيات: 3°25′14″N 76°31′20″W / 3.42056°N 76.52222°W
Country	Colombia
Department	Valle del Cauca
Foundation	25 July 1536
أسسها	Sebastián de Belalcázar
الحكومة
• Mayor	Jorge Iván Ospina
المساحة
• Municipality	619 كم² (239 ميل²)
المنسوب	1٬018 m (3٬340 ft)
التعداد (2018)
• Municipality	2٬227٬642
• الترتيب	Ranked 3rd
• الكثافة	3٬600/km2 (9٬300/sq mi)
• العمرانية	3٬400٬000 (2٬012)
صفة المواطن	Caleño
منطقة التوقيت	UTC-5 (COT)
مفتاح الهاتف	+57 2
HDI (2010)	0.910– very high
الموقع الإلكتروني	Official website (in إسپانية)

Santiago de Cali (النطق الإسپاني: [sanˈtjaɣo ðe ˈkali]), or Cali, is the capital of the Valle del Cauca department, and the most populous city in southwest Colombia, with 2,227,642 residents according to the 2018 census.^[1] The city spans 560.3 km² (216.3 sq mi) with 120.9 km² (46.7 sq mi) of urban area,^[2] making Cali the second-largest city in the country by area and the third most populous. As the only major Colombian city with access to the Pacific Coast, Cali is the main urban and economic center in the south of the country, and has one of Colombia's fastest-growing economies.^[3]^[4]^[5] The city was founded on 25 July 1536 by the Spanish explorer Sebastián de Belalcázar.

Cali is also a center for sports in Colombia, and is the only Colombian city to have hosted the Pan American Games. It hosted the 1992 World Wrestling Championships, the ninth edition of the World Games in 2013, the UCI Track Cycling World Championships in 2014 and the World Youth Championships in Athletics in 2015. The city is to host the first ever Junior Pan American Games in 2021.

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Etymology

Cali is the shortened form of the official name of the city: Santiago de Cali. "Santiago" honours Saint James whose feast day is celebrated on the 25th of July. The origin of the word "Cali" comes from the local Amerindians the "Calima".

History

Pre-Columbian era and settlers

Calima culture gold ceremonial tweezers from Walters Art Museum.

Before the arrival of the Spaniards, the region was inhabited by indigenous tribes, mostly speakers of Cariban languages. In the region between the Cauca River and the Western Cordillera, the Gorrones established themselves between the present day Roldanillo and Santiago de Cali. The biggest town of the Morrones was sited on the River Pescador near the present-day towns of Zarzal and Bugalagrande. The Morrones traded with the Quimbayas who inhabited the north of the Valle del Cauca.

Geography and climate

Location

Cali is located on the Cauca Valley to the west of the Cauca River and to the east of the Western Mountain Range near the hills known as Farallones de Cali. The city rests approximately 1,000 metres (3,281 feet) above sea level. Approximately 100 kilometres (62 miles) west of Cali and over the Western Cordillera, lies the port city of Buenaventura on the Colombian Pacific coast. To the northeast are the manufacturing center of Yumbo and Cali's international airport, the Alfonso Bonilla Aragón (CLO). It is Colombia's third-largest airport in terms of passengers, transporting 2,667,526 in 2009.

Geography

Panoramic Farallones de Cali

Climate

Guaiacum officinale tree flowered in Cali.

Climate data for Santiago de Cali (Alfonso Bonilla Aragón International Airport) 1981–2010
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	36.3 (97.3)	36.5 (97.7)	36.4 (97.5)	34.5 (94.1)	33.2 (91.8)	35.3 (95.5)	36.6 (97.9)	35.7 (96.3)	35.0 (95.0)	34.4 (93.9)	32.8 (91.0)	34.5 (94.1)	36.6 (97.9)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	29.9 (85.8)	30.2 (86.4)	30.1 (86.2)	29.5 (85.1)	29.3 (84.7)	29.5 (85.1)	30.1 (86.2)	30.7 (87.3)	30.2 (86.4)	29.2 (84.6)	28.9 (84.0)	29.2 (84.6)	29.7 (85.5)
Daily mean °C (°F)	24.0 (75.2)	24.2 (75.6)	24.2 (75.6)	23.9 (75.0)	23.9 (75.0)	23.9 (75.0)	24.1 (75.4)	24.3 (75.7)	24.1 (75.4)	23.5 (74.3)	23.4 (74.1)	23.6 (74.5)	23.9 (75.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	18.9 (66.0)	19.0 (66.2)	19.2 (66.6)	19.2 (66.6)	19.2 (66.6)	18.9 (66.0)	18.4 (65.1)	18.5 (65.3)	18.7 (65.7)	18.8 (65.8)	18.8 (65.8)	18.9 (66.0)	18.9 (66.0)
Record low °C (°F)	14.4 (57.9)	15.2 (59.4)	14.0 (57.2)	14.6 (58.3)	16.0 (60.8)	15.1 (59.2)	13.6 (56.5)	13.4 (56.1)	14.2 (57.6)	15.0 (59.0)	15.0 (59.0)	15.0 (59.0)	13.4 (56.1)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	51.3 (2.02)	56.0 (2.20)	92.0 (3.62)	129.3 (5.09)	96.5 (3.80)	55.1 (2.17)	31.7 (1.25)	35.3 (1.39)	70.1 (2.76)	101.8 (4.01)	101.2 (3.98)	67.9 (2.67)	888.2 (34.97)
Average precipitation days	10	9	14	17	15	10	8	8	12	16	15	12	144
Average relative humidity (%)	73	72	73	76	76	75	73	71	72	75	76	75	74
Mean monthly sunshine hours	179.8	158.2	161.2	141.0	142.6	150.0	182.9	189.1	159.0	155.0	153.0	164.3	1٬936٫1
Mean daily sunshine hours	5.8	5.6	5.2	4.7	4.6	5.0	5.9	6.1	5.3	5.0	5.1	5.3	5.3
Source: Instituto de Hidrologia Meteorologia y Estudios Ambientales^[6]^[7]^[8]

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Tourism

Saint Francis' square.

الاقتصاد

Cali and Valle del Cauca constitute the third largest center national and international economic exchange in Colombia. The city is an important stop on way to Ecuador, and is connected with the world through the seaport of Buenaventura.

Building of Banco de Occidente.

Economic history

The economic transformation of Cali and the Valle del Cauca during the twentieth century and its crisis of the century, and the outlook to the new century have been the subject of deep analysis of financial and academic institutions. This section is based on the analysis and recommendations of the report Cali Colombia – Toward a City Development and Strategy published by the World Bank in 2002, and the Regional Economic Situation Reports (ICER) published quarterly by the DANE.

Colombia's sports capital

Pascual Guerrero Stadium seen from the Cristo Rey

Estadio Olímpico Pascual Guerrero Cali, during 2011 FIFA U-20 World Cup

Opening Ceremony of the 1971 Pan American Games

Santiago de Cali is recognized as the sports capital of Colombia. It is the first Colombian city to have hosted the Pan American Games (see 1971 Pan American Games), and has also won the National Olympic Games more than any other region in Colombia. The city also counts with one of the most developed sport infrastructures in the country. Many sporting events have taken place in the city.

Nicknames

(in إسپانية) Capital Mundial de la Salsa (Salsa Capital of the World)
(in إسپانية) La Sucursal del Cielo (Branch Office of Heaven)
(in إسپانية) La Sultana del Valle (the Empress of the Valley)
(in إنگليزية) Cali Beach
(in إنگليزية) Caliwood

International relations

Twin towns – Sister cities

Palos de la Frontera, Spain^{[بحاجة لمصدر]} Orlando, United States^{[بحاجة لمصدر]} Miami, United States^{[بحاجة لمصدر]} Caracas, Venezuela^{[بحاجة لمصدر]}	Quito, Ecuador^{[بحاجة لمصدر]} Guayaquil, Ecuador^{[بحاجة لمصدر]} Lima, Peru^{[بحاجة لمصدر]} Stockholm, Sweden^{[بحاجة لمصدر]} Guadalajara, Mexico^{[بحاجة لمصدر]}	Monterrey, Mexico^{[بحاجة لمصدر]} Rio de Janeiro, Brazil^{[بحاجة لمصدر]} Manila, Philippines^{[بحاجة لمصدر]} Florence, Italy^{[بحاجة لمصدر]} Medellín, Colombia^{[بحاجة لمصدر]}

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Gallery

Tres Cruces Hill
San Fernando church interior
(Library) Biblioteca departamental Jorge Garcés Borrero
Western Cali, looking Cristo Rey Hill
Cali river
Skyline picture taken from Cristo Rey Hill

Notable people

Andrés Andrade (born 1989), footballer
Andrés Caicedo (1951–1977), writer
Lupe Fuentes (born 1987), house music producer
José Gilberto Montoya, medical researcher
César Mora (born 1961), musician
Gilberto Rodriguez Orejuela (born 1939), one of the former leaders of the Cali Cartel
Viviana Serna (born 1990), actress
Julio César Tobar (born 1978), footballer
Carlos Valdes (born 1989), actor
Mario Yepes (born 1976), footballer

References

^ ^أ ^ب https://www.dane.gov.co/files/varios/informacion-capital-DANE-2019.pdf
^ CALI EN CIFRAS 2011– ALCALDÍA DE SANTIAGO DE CALI (DEPARTAMENTO ADMINISTRATIVO DE PLANEACIÓN)
^ "Metrocuadrado". Metrocuadrado. Archived from the original on 7 فبراير 2019. Retrieved 16 يناير 2019.
^ net, From (21 فبراير 2005). "Cali: Capital Mundial de la Salsa o La Sucursal del Cielo". salsa.ch. Archived from the original on 16 يناير 2019. Retrieved 16 يناير 2019.
^ "Cali ratificó ser la capital mundial de la salsa – HSB Noticias". hsbnoticias.com. 1 أكتوبر 2012. Archived from the original on 16 يناير 2019. Retrieved 16 يناير 2019.
^ "Promedios Climatológicos 1981–2010" (in الإسبانية). Instituto de Hidrologia Meteorologia y Estudios Ambientales. Archived from the original on 15 أغسطس 2016. Retrieved 15 أغسطس 2016.
^ "Promedios Climatológicos 1971–2000" (in الإسبانية). Instituto de Hidrologia Meteorologia y Estudios Ambientales. Archived from the original on 15 أغسطس 2016. Retrieved 15 أغسطس 2016.
^ "Tiempo y Clima" (in الإسبانية). Instituto de Hidrologia Meteorologia y Estudios Ambientales. Archived from the original on 15 أغسطس 2016. Retrieved 15 أغسطس 2016.

Bibliography

External links

Find more about Cali at Wikipedia's sister projects
	Definitions from Wiktionary
	Media from Commons
	Quotations from Wikiquote
	Source texts from Wikisource
	Textbooks from Wikibooks
	Travel guide from Wikivoyage
	Learning resources from Wikiversity

(PDF) – 2005 Census data

قالب:Municipalities valle del cauca department

[dane.gov.co-1] أ ^ب https://www.dane.gov.co/files/varios/informacion-capital-DANE-2019.pdf

[2] CALI EN CIFRAS 2011– ALCALDÍA DE SANTIAGO DE CALI (DEPARTAMENTO ADMINISTRATIVO DE PLANEACIÓN)

[3] "Metrocuadrado". Metrocuadrado. Archived from the original on 7 فبراير 2019. Retrieved 16 يناير 2019.

[4] t, From (21 فبراير 2005). "Cali: Capital Mundial de la Salsa o La Sucursal del Cielo". salsa.ch. Archived from the original on 16 يناير 2019. Retrieved 16 يناير 2019.

[5] "Cali ratificó ser la capital mundial de la salsa – HSB Noticias". hsbnoticias.com. 1 أكتوبر 2012. Archived from the original on 16 يناير 2019. Retrieved 16 يناير 2019.

[IDEAM1-6] "Promedios Climatológicos 1981–2010" (in الإسبانية). Instituto de Hidrologia Meteorologia y Estudios Ambientales. Archived from the original on 15 أغسطس 2016. Retrieved 15 أغسطس 2016.

[IDEAM2-7] "Promedios Climatológicos 1971–2000" (in الإسبانية). Instituto de Hidrologia Meteorologia y Estudios Ambientales. Archived from the original on 15 أغسطس 2016. Retrieved 15 أغسطس 2016.

[8] "Tiempo y Clima" (in الإسبانية). Instituto de Hidrologia Meteorologia y Estudios Ambientales. Archived from the original on 15 أغسطس 2016. Retrieved 15 أغسطس 2016.

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