997
► | قرن 9 | << قرن 10 >> | قرن 11 | ◄
► | عقد 960 | عقد 970 | عقد 980 | << عقد 990 >> | عقد 1000 | عقد 1010 | عقد 1020 | ◄
► | ► | 992 | 993 | 994 | 995 | 996 | << 997 >> | 998 | 999 | 1000 | 1001 | 1002 | ◄ | ◄
تحويل 1-1-997م الى هجري (وصلة خارجية) | تحويل 31-12-997م الى هجري (وصلة خارجية) | ابحث في الموسوعة عن مواضيع متعلقة بسنة 997
| الألفية: | الألفية 1 |
|---|---|
| القرون: | القرن 9 - القرن 10 - القرن 11 |
| العقود: | عقد 960 عقد 970 عقد 980 - عقد 990 - عقد 1000 عقد 1010 عقد 1020 |
| السنوات: | 994 995 996 - 997 - 998 999 1000 |
| 997 حسب الموضوع | |
| السياسة | |
| زعماء الدول – الدول ذات السيادة | |
| تصنيفات المواليد والوفيات | |
| المواليد – الوفيات | |
| تصنيفات التأسيسات والانحلالات | |
| تأسيسات – انحلالات | |
| التقويم الگريگوري | 997 CMXCVII |
| آب أوربه كونديتا | 1750 |
| التقويم الأرمني | 446 ԹՎ ՆԽԶ |
| التقويم الآشوري | 5747 |
| التقويم البهائي | −847 – −846 |
| التقويم البنغالي | 404 |
| التقويم الأمازيغي | 1947 |
| سنة العهد الإنگليزي | N/A |
| التقويم البوذي | 1541 |
| التقويم البورمي | 359 |
| التقويم البيزنطي | 6505–6506 |
| التقويم الصيني | 丙申年 (النار القرد) 3693 أو 3633 — إلى — 丁酉年 (النار الديك) 3694 أو 3634 |
| التقويم القبطي | 713–714 |
| التقويم الديسكوردي | 2163 |
| التقويم الإثيوپي | 989–990 |
| التقويم العبري | 4757–4758 |
| التقاويم الهندوسية | |
| - ڤيكرام سامڤات | 1053–1054 |
| - شاكا سامڤات | 919–920 |
| - كالي يوگا | 4098–4099 |
| تقويم الهولوسين | 10997 |
| تقويم الإگبو | −3 – −2 |
| التقويم الإيراني | 375–376 |
| التقويم الهجري | 386–387 |
| التقويم الياباني | Chōtoku 3 (長徳３年) |
| تقويم جوچى | N/A |
| التقويم اليوليوسي | 997 CMXCVII |
| التقويم الكوري | 3330 |
| تقويم مينگوو | 915 قبل جمهورية الصين 民前915年 |
| التقويم الشمسي التايلندي | 1540 |
Year 997 (CMXCVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
أحداث
حسب المكان
اليابان
- 1 February: Empress Teishi gives birth to Princess Shushi - she is the first child of the emperor, but because of the power struggle between Michinaga and Korechika, the empress is not allowed to go to the palace.
- 18 May: The imperial court decides to pardon Korechika and Takaie, under the illness of Teishi.
الإمبراطورية البيزنطية
 |
- 16 يوليو - Battle of Spercheios: Byzantine forces, under General Nikephoros Ouranos, defeat the Bulgarians at the Spercheios River in Greece. During a night battle, the Bulgarian co-ruler Samuel is wounded; he and his son Gavril Radomir evade capture, by feigning death among the bodies of their slain soldiers. Samuel sets off to Bulgaria, and retreats with the remnants of his army, into the Pindus Mountains. Ouranos returns to Constantinople, with 1,000 heads of Bulgarian soldiers and 12,000 captives.[1]
أوروپا
- المنصور بن أبي عامر، الحاكم الفعلي للأندلس، assaults and partially destroys the city of Santiago de Compostella. He is accompanied in his raid by Christian Portuguese lords, who all receive a share of the booty. On their way, they sack the cities of Zamora and León.[2]
- Summer – Roman of Bulgaria dies in captivity in Constantinople. He is succeeded by his brother Samuel (a member of the Cometopuli Dynasty) who takes the Bulgarian title of tsar. He possibly receives his 'imperial crown' from Gregory V (approximate date).
- King Stephen Držislav of Croatia dies after a 28-year reign. His three sons, Svetoslav, Krešimir III and Gojslav, open a violent contest for the throne, weakening the kingdom and allowing Samuel to encroach on the Croatian possessions along the Adriatic.
- Winter – Emperor Otto III travels to Italy, leaving the government of the Holy Roman Empire in the hands of his aunt, Matilda of Quedlinburg. He is accompanied by Bishop Gilbert of Aurillac, his teacher and advisor.
- Trondheim is founded by King Olav Tryggvason.[3] This will function as the main city and capital of Norway, until Bergen is founded in 1070.
اسكتلندة
- King Constantine III dies after a 2-year reign, possibly murdered by a dynastic conflict between two rival lines of royalty. He is succeeded by Kenneth III as sole ruler of Alba (اسكتلندة).
آسيا الوسطى
خريطة دويلات إيران في عام 1000.
- 16 يوليو - وفاة الأمير نوح الثاني الساماني. ويخلفه ابنه المنصور الثاني.
- سبكتگين، مؤسس الأسرة الغزنوية، يموت بعد حكم استمر 20 عاماً. وقد خلفه ابنه إسماعيل الغزنوي أميراً على غزنة. إلا أن كثيرين في البلاط فضلوا أخاه الأكبر محمود الغزنوي.
الصين
- May 8 – Emperor Tai Zong (Zhao Jiong) dies at Kaifeng after a 21-year reign. He is succeeded by his son Zhen Zong as the third ruler of the Song Dynasty.
حسب الموضوع
الدين
- Spring – Pope Gregory V is exiled during a rebellion led by Crescentius II (the younger), patrician (the de facto ruler) of Rome. The Crescentii family appoints Giovanni Filagato (former tutor of Otto III) as an antipope under the name John XVI (or XVII), until 998.
- April 23 – Adalbert, exiled bishop of Prague, organises a mission to convert the Old Prussians in north-east Poland. On his way, Adalbert is murdered by pagans on the Baltic coast. His body is bought back for its weight in gold by Duke Bolesław I (the Brave).[4]
- The first documented reference of Gdańsk is made by Adalbert. During his mission he baptises the inhabitants of the city called Gyddannyzc.
مواليد
- Alan III (de Bretagne), duke of Brittany (d. 1040)
- Bertha of Milan, Lombard duchess and regent (تاريخ تقريبي)
- Godfrey III, duke of Lower Lorraine (approximate date)
- Gusiluo, Tibetan religious leader of Buddhism (d. 1065)
- Gytha Thorkelsdóttir, Danish noblewoman (approximate date)
- Ibn al-Wafid, Andalusian pharmacologist (d. 1074)
- Rhys ap Tewdwr, king of Deheubarth (d. 1093)
وفيات
- April 23 – Adalbert of Prague, Bohemian bishop
- May 8 – Tai Zong, Chinese emperor (و. 939)
- July 23 – Nuh II, Samanid emir (و. 963)
- August 20 – Conrad I, duke of Swabia
- October 6 – Minamoto no Mitsunaka, Japanese samurai (و. 912)
- November 29 – Seongjong, Korean king (و. 961)
- أبو بكر بن القوطية، مؤرخ أندلسي
- Constantine III, king of Alba (Scotland)
- Géza (or Gejza), Grand Prince of Hungary
- Gonzalo Menéndez, Portuguese nobleman
- Gonzalo Sánchez, count of Aragon (Spain)
- ابن بطة العكبري، Arab theologian (و. 917)
- Idwal ap Meurig, king of Gwynedd (Wales)
- Máel Coluim, king of Strathclyde (Scotland)
- Waldrada of Tuscany, dogaressa of Venice
- Ma'mun I ibn Muhammad, ruler of Khwarezm
- Roman, ruler (tsar) of the Bulgarian Empire
- Sabuktigin, founder of the Ghaznavid Dynasty
- Stephen Držislav (Dirzislaus), king of Croatia
- Tailapa II, ruler of the Western Chalukya Empire
- Teresa Ansúrez, queen and regent of León
المراجع
- ^ Paul Stephenson (2003). The Legend of Basil the Bulgar-Slayer, Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-81530-4.
- ^ Collins, Roger (1983). Early Medieval Spain, p. 199. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0-312-22464-8.
- ^ Christine Schefte (20 June 2012). "Hva husker du fra 1000-årsjubileet?" (in النرويجية). Adressa. Retrieved 5 March 2016.
- ^ Richard Brzezinski (1990). History of Poland: The Piast Dynasty - Bolesław the Brave, p.16. ISBN 83-7212-019-6.
وصلات خارجية
Media related to 997 at Wikimedia Commons
