2020 في العلوم

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الفن . الآثار . العمارة . الأدب . الموسيقى . الفلسفة . العلوم +...

أهم أحداث 2020 في العلوم.

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الأحداث

يناير

6 يناير : Physicians issue recommendations for testosterone treatment in adult men with age-related Low T and includes treatment only if there is a notable improvement of sexual dysfunction.[1][2]
6 January: Astronomers report the detection of TOI 700 d, the first Earth-sized exoplanet in the habitable zone discovered by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS).[9] (artist concept)
السنة المتحجرة التي عُثر عليها في سولنهوفن، ألمانيا.

مايو

  • اكتشاف HR 6819، أول ثقب أسود قريب من الأرض ضمن منظومة النجوم يمكن رؤيته بالعين المجردة. أفادت دراسة نُشرت في مايو 2020 الجرم يحتوي على ثقب أسود، مما يجعله أقرب ثقب أسود معروف، وأول ثقب أسود يقع في منظومة نجمية يمكن رؤيته بالعين المجردة. بسبب موقعه في السماء، يمكن رؤيته فقد جنوب خط العرض 33°N.

سبتمبر

أكتوبر

في 20 أكتوبر 2020، تمكن فريق علماء ألمان، من جامعة گوت في فرانكفورت، ومعهد ماكس پلانك في برلين، من تسجيل أقصر فاصل زمني على الإطلاق، وهو ما ساعدهم على أن يقيسوا المدة التي يستغرقها الضوء حتى يعبر جزيئاً واحداً فقط من الهيدروجين. استغرق هذا هذا الفاصل القصير للغاية، 247 زپتو/ثانية، الزپتو/ثانية يعادل 1/ترليون مليار من الثانية. ويرى خبراء أن هذا الاكتشاف يتوّج جهوداً عالمية حثيثة من أجل قياس فواصل زمنية متناهية القصر في الفيزياء، ولم يجر تسجيلها من قبل.[33]

أحداث متوقعة أو مجدولة

تاريخ غير معروف

  • Several new rockets have planned maiden flights in 2020 in a race to lower launch costs: Ariane 6,[37] H3[38] and first orbital flights of SpaceX Starship.[39]
  • Shenzhen East Waste-to-Energy Plant is planned to become operational, the largest waste to energy (WET) power plant in the world.[40]
  • Japan will host a World Robot Summit in August and October.[41][42]
  • Waymo, the first self-driving cars in ride-hailing services are announced for 2020 [43]
  • The Large Synoptic Survey Telescope is expected to achieve first light in 2020.[44]
  • KAGRA plans to join LIGO and Virgo in the search for more gravitational wave events.[45]

جوائز

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وفيات

انظر أيضاً

المصادر

  1. ^ أ ب Qaseem, Amir; et al. (6 January 2020). "Testosterone Treatment in Adult Men With Age-Related Low Testosterone: A Clinical Guideline From the American College of Physicians". Annals of Internal Medicine. doi:10.7326/M19-0882. Retrieved 7 January 2020.
  2. ^ أ ب Parry, Nicola M. (7 January 2020). "New Guideline for Testosterone Treatment in Men With 'Low T'". Medscape.com. Retrieved 7 January 2020.
  3. ^ "DeepMind's new AI can spot breast cancer just as well as your doctor". Wired. 1 January 2020. Retrieved 1 January 2020.
  4. ^ "International evaluation of an AI system for breast cancer screening". Nature. 1 January 2020. Retrieved 1 January 2020.
  5. ^ Hall, Sannon (9 January 2020). "Volcanoes on Venus Might Still Be Smoking - Planetary science experiments on Earth suggest that the sun's second planet might have ongoing volcanic activity". The New York Times. Retrieved 10 January 2020.
  6. ^ Filiberto, Justin (3 January 2020). "Present-day volcanism on Venus as evidenced from weathering rates of olivine". Science. 6 (1). doi:10.1126/sciadv.aax7445. Retrieved 10 January 2020.
  7. ^ Limaye, Sanjay S. (12 September 2018). "Venus' Spectral Signatures and the Potential for Life in the Clouds". Astrobiology. 18 (9). doi:10.1089/ast.2017.1783. Retrieved 10 January 2020.
  8. ^ Houser, Kristin (3 January 2020). "Astrophysicist Says He Knows How to Build a Time Machine - But his peers are far from convinced that it'll work". Futurism.om. Retrieved 3 January 2020.
  9. ^ أ ب Andreolo, Claire; Cofield, Calla; Kazmierczak, Jeanette (6 January 2020). "NASA Planet Hunter Finds Earth-Size Habitable-Zone World". NASA. Retrieved 6 January 2020.
  10. ^ Mann, Adam (8 January 2020). "Origin of Deep-Space Radio Flash Discovered, and It's Unlike Anything Astronomers Have Ever Seen - Things are only getting more confusing". Space.com. Retrieved 8 January 2020.
  11. ^ West Virginia University (6 January 2020). "In a nearby galaxy, a fast radio burst unravels more questions than answers". EurekAlert!. Retrieved 6 January 2020.
  12. ^ Balles, Matthew (6 January 2020). "Not all fast radio bursts are created equal - Astronomical signals called fast radio bursts remain enigmatic, but a key discovery has now been made. A second repeating fast radio burst has been traced to its host galaxy, and its home bears little resemblance to that of the first". Nature. 577: 176–177. doi:10.1038/d41586-019-03894-6. Retrieved 6 January 2020.
  13. ^ "Up to 23 feet long, the Chinese paddlefish was the giant of the Yangtze. And we killed it". CNN. 7 January 2020. Retrieved 7 January 2020.
  14. ^ "The long goodbye: Study declares ancient Chinese paddlefish extinct". Mongabay. 6 January 2020. Retrieved 7 January 2020.
  15. ^ "New York teen discovers new planet while interning with NASA". ABC News. 9 January 2020. Retrieved 11 January 2020.
  16. ^ "An Interstellar Ribbon of Clouds in the Sun's Backyard". Harvard. 7 January 2020. Retrieved 8 January 2020.
  17. ^ Overbye, Dennis (11 January 2020). "Vera Rubin Gets a Telescope of Her Own - The astronomer missed her Nobel Prize. But she now has a whole new observatory to her name". The New York Times. Retrieved 11 January 2020.
  18. ^ "NSF-supported observatory renamed for astronomer Vera C. Rubin". www.nsf.gov (in English). Retrieved 2020-01-07.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  19. ^ "Cancer Mortality Continues Steady Decline, Driven by Progress against Lung Cancer". American Cancer Society. 8 January 2020. Retrieved 8 January 2020.
  20. ^ "Cancer statistics, 2020". ACS Journals. 8 January 2020. Retrieved 8 January 2020.
  21. ^ "Sea-ice-free Arctic makes permafrost vulnerable to thawing". Science Daily. 8 January 2020. Retrieved 10 January 2020.
  22. ^ Joel, Lucas (10 January 2020). "Fossil Reveals Earth's Oldest Known Animal Guts - The find in a Nevada desert revealed an intestine inside a creature that looks like a worm made of a stack of ice cream cones". The New York Times. Retrieved 10 January 2020.
  23. ^ Schiffbauer, James D.; et al. (10 January 2020). "Discovery of bilaterian-type through-guts in cloudinomorphs from the terminal Ediacaran Period". Nature Communications. 11 (205). doi:10.1038/s41467-019-13882-z. Retrieved 10 January 2020.
  24. ^ "Record-Setting Ocean Warmth Continued in 2019". Advances in Atmospheric Sciences. 13 January 2020. Retrieved 13 January 2020.
  25. ^ "Ocean temperatures hit record high as rate of heating accelerates". The Guardian. 13 January 2020. Retrieved 13 January 2020.
  26. ^ "Record-setting ocean warmth continued in 2019". EurekAlert!. 13 January 2020. Retrieved 13 January 2020.
  27. ^ Weisberger, Mindy (13 January 2020). "7 Billion-Year-Old Stardust Is Oldest Material Found on Earth - Some of these ancient grains are billions of years older than our sun". Live Science. Retrieved 13 January 2020.
  28. ^ Heck, Philipp R.; et al. (13 January 2020). "Lifetimes of interstellar dust from cosmic ray exposure ages of presolar silicon carbide". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. doi:10.1073/pnas.1904573117. Retrieved 13 January 2020.
  29. ^ -ESO (15 January 2020). "Astronomers reveal interstellar thread of one of life's building blocks". Phys.org. Retrieved 15 January 2020.
  30. ^ Rivilla, V. M.; et al. (2019). "ALMA and ROSINA detections of phosphorus-bearing molecules: the interstellar thread between star-forming regions and comets - [to be published in; "Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society"]" (PDF). arXiv. arXiv:1911.11647v1. Retrieved 15 January 2020.
  31. ^ "Fossilized Tooth Captures a Pterosaur's Failed Squid Meal". نيويورك تايمز. 2020-01-30. Retrieved 2020-01-31.
  32. ^ "Astronomers see possible hints of life in Venus's clouds". أسوشيتد رس. 2020-09-14. Retrieved 2020-09-14.
  33. ^ "بعد زويل.. علماء يسجلون أقصر فاصل زمني على الإطلاق". سكاي نيوز. 2020-10-20. Retrieved 2020-10-22.
  34. ^ "Yorkshire salt mine could help shed light on Martian life". phys.org.
  35. ^ "emiratesmarsmission".
  36. ^ "Overview - 2020 Mission Plans". Mars.nasa.gov. NASA. Retrieved 2015-11-12.
  37. ^ Clark, Stephen (13 August 2016). "Ariane 6 rocket holding to schedule for 2020 maiden flight". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 13 August 2016.
  38. ^ Tomii, Tetsuo (June 28, 2016). "JAXA、新型ロケット「H3」の基本設計−打ち上げコスト半減の50億円". Nikkan Kogyo Shimbun (in Japanese). Retrieved 2018-03-18.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  39. ^ Henry, Caleb (12 March 2018). "SpaceX's Shotwell: BFR will probably be orbital in 2020, but you should start seeing hops in 2019. (Grasshopper reference?)". Retrieved 18 March 2018.
  40. ^ "New plant will see that Shenzhen's refuse doesn't go to waste". newatlas.com.
  41. ^ "Japan announces 'Robot Olympics' to coincide with 2020 Tokyo summer games". inews.co.uk.
  42. ^ "World Robot Summit". Retrieved 2020-01-02.
  43. ^ Gannes, Liz (May 13, 2014). "Here's What It's Like to Go for a Ride in Google's Robot Car". Vox.
  44. ^ "LSST Project Schedule". Retrieved 30 November 2018.
  45. ^ "Our Sister Facilities". LIGO Caltech. Retrieved 2020-01-02.

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