يوهانس ڤيس‌ليسنوس

يوهانس ڤيس‌ليسنوس
Johannes Wislicenus
Wislicenus Johannes.jpg
Johannes Wislicenus
وُلِدَ24 يونيو 1835
توفي5 ديسمبر 1902
الجنسيةألماني
المدرسة الأمجامعة هاله-ڤيتن‌برگ
اللقبالكيمياء الفراغية
الجوائزوسام داڤي في 1898
ForMemRS (1897)
السيرة العلمية
المجالاتالكيمياء
الهيئاتجامعة زيورخ
جامعة ڤورتسبورگ
جامعة لايپتسش
طلاب الدكتوراهكارل بوش
وليام هنري پركن
هارولد كارپنتر

يوهانس ڤيس‌ليسنوس Johannes Wislicenus (عاش 24 يونيو 1835 - 5 ديسمبر 1902)، كيميائي ألماني اشتهر بعمله في الكيمياء الفراغية. أدى عمله الرائد إلى التعرف على أهمية النسق الفراغي للذرات ضمن الجزيء. واشتهر أيضاً بعمله في أحماض اللاكتيك، وعلى وجه الخصوص لاكتشافاته في دراسة التماكب الهندسي (وجود نفس الصيغ بخصائص كيميائية مختلفة) للمركبات العضوية.

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السيرة

The son of the radical Protestant theologian Gustav Wislicenus,[1] Johannes was born on 24 June 1835 in Kleineichstedt (now part of Querfurt, Saxony-Anhalt) in Prussian Saxony, and entered University of Halle-Wittenberg in 1853.[2] In October 1853 he immigrated to the United States with his family. For a brief time he acted as assistant to Harvard chemist Eben Horsford, and in 1855 was appointed lecturer at the Mechanics' Institute in New York. Returning to Europe in 1856, he continued to study chemistry with Wilhelm Heinrich Heintz at the University of Halle. In 1860, he began lecturing at the University of Zürich, and at the Swiss Polytechnical Institute and by 1868 he was Professor of Chemistry at the university. In 1870, he was chosen to succeed Georg Staedeler as Professor of General Chemistry at the Swiss Polytechnical Institute in Zürich, retaining also the position of full professor at the University of Zürich. In 1872, he succeeded Adolph Strecker in the chair of chemistry at University of Würzburg، وفي 1885، خلَف هرمان كولبه أستاذاَ للكيمياء في جامعة لايپتسش، حيث توفي في 6 ديسمبر 1902.[2]


الأبحاث

By the late 1860s,[بحاجة لمصدر] Wislicenus devoted his research to organic chemistry.[2] His work on the isomeric lactic acids from 1868 to 1872[3] resulted in the discovery of two substances with different physical properties but with an identical chemical structure.[2] He called this difference "geometrical isomerism".[2] He would later promote J. H. van't Hoff's theory of the tetrahedral carbon atom, believing that it, together with the supposition that there are "specially directed forces, the affinity-energies",[2] which determine the relative position of atoms in the molecule, afforded a method by which the spatial arrangement of atoms in particular cases may be ascertained by experiment. While at Würzburg, Wislicenus developed the use of ethyl aceto acetate in organic synthesis.[2] However, he was also active in inorganic chemistry, finding a reaction for the production of sodium azide. He was the first to prepare cyclopentane in 1893[4]

الجوائز

في 1898، حصل ڤيس‌ليسنوس على وسام داڤي من الجمعية الملكية في لندن.[2]

الهامش

  1. ^ The New International Encyclopedia. Vol. 23 (2nd ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead and Company. 1916. p. 731.
  2. ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح خ د Chisholm 1911.
  3. ^ Chemical Structure, Spatial Arrangement: The Early History of Stereochemistry, 1874–1914. Routledge. 2017.
  4. ^ J. Wislicenus and W. Hentschel (1893) "Der Pentamethenylalkohol und seine Derivate" (Cyclopentanol and its derivatives), Annalen der Chemie, 275 : 322-330; see especially pages 327-330. Wislicenus prepared cyclopentane from cyclopentanone ("Ketopentamethen"), which is prepared by heating calcium adipate.

المراجع

للاستزادة

  • Beckmann, Ernst (1905). Johannes Wislicenus. Verlag Chemie.-Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft, 1905, volume 37. pp. 4861–4946
  • Carpenter, K. J. (1997). "Protein cannot be the sole source of muscular energy (Fick, Wislicenus and Frankland, 1866)". J. Nutr. 127 (5 Supplement): 1020S–1021S. PMID 9164290. {{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help); Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Royal Society (Great Britain), (1907). Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Harrison and Son.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) - Proceedings of the Royal Society, A, 1907, volume 78, pages iii - xii