قالب:اللغات الرسمية للولايات والأقاليم الأمريكية
المكان | الإنجليزية رسمياً | لغات رسمية أخرى | ملحوظة |
---|---|---|---|
ألباما | نعم | None | since 1990[1] |
ألاسكا | نعم | Inupiaq, Siberian Yupik, Central Alaskan Yup'ik, Alutiiq, Unangax, Dena'ina, Deg Xinag, Holikachuk, Koyukon, Upper Kuskokwim, Gwich'in, Tanana, Upper Tanana, Tanacross, Hän, Ahtna, Eyak, Tlingit, Haida, Tsimshian[2][3] | |
أريزونا | نعم | None | since 2006, 1988 law ruled unconstitutional[4] |
أركنسا | نعم | None | since 1987[1] |
كاليفورنيا | نعم | None | since 1986 with Proposition 63[1] |
كولورادو | نعم | None | since 1988;[1] from 1876–1990 the Colorado Constitution required laws to be published in English, Spanish, and German[5] |
كنتيكت | لا | None[1] | |
دلاوير | لا | None[1] | |
فلوريدا | نعم | None | since 1988[1] |
جورجيا | نعم | None | since 1996[1] |
هاوائي | نعم | Hawaiian | since 1978[1] |
آيداهو | نعم | None | since 2007[1] |
إلينوي | نعم | None | since 1969; "American" was the official language 1923–1969.[1] |
إنديانا | نعم | None | since 1984[1] |
آيوا | نعم | None | since 2002[1] |
كانزس | نعم | None | since 2007[1] |
كنتكي | نعم | None | since 1984[1] |
لويزيانا | لا | None | French has had special status since 1968 founding of CODOFIL.[1][6] |
مين | لا | None[1] | |
مريلاند | لا | None[1] | |
مصساتشوستس | نعم | None[1] | Since 2002, 1975 law ruled unconstitutional |
مشيگن | لا | None[1] | |
مينيسوتا | لا | None[1] | |
مسيسپي | نعم | None | since 1987[1] |
مزوري | نعم | None[1] | since 1998; 2008 Const. Amd. [7] |
مونتانا | نعم | None | since 1995[1] |
نبراسكا | نعم | None | since 1920[8] |
نيڤادا | لا | None[1] | |
نيو هامپشر | نعم | None | since 1995[1] |
نيوجرزي | لا | None[1] | |
نيو مكسيكو | لا | None | Spanish has had special recognition since 1912 passage of state constitution. See article. English Plus since 1989[1] |
New York | لا | None[1] | |
كارولينا الشمالية | نعم | None | since 1987[1] |
داكوتا الشمالية | نعم | None | since 1987[1] |
أوهايو | لا | None[1] | |
أوكلاهوما | نعم | None | since 2010. Choctaw language is official within the Choctaw Nation, Cherokee language has been official within the Cherokee and the UKB since 1991.[9] [10][11][12] |
أوريگون | لا | None | English Plus since 1989[1] |
پنسلڤانيا | لا | None[1] | |
Rhode Island | لا | None | English Plus since 1992[1] |
كارولينا الجنوبية | نعم | None | since 1987[1] |
داكوتا الجنوبية | نعم | Sioux | since 1995,[1] since 2019[13] |
تنسي | نعم | None | since 1984[1] |
تكساس | لا | None[1] | |
يوتا | نعم | None | English only from 2000–2021;[1] since 2021, the Utah code has been amended to be English official but not English only.[14] |
ڤرمونت | لا | None[1] | |
ڤرجينيا | نعم | None | since 1996[1] |
واشنطن | لا | None | English Plus since 1989[1] |
ڤرجينيا الغربية | نعم | None[1] | since 2016[15] |
وسكنسن | لا | None[1] | |
ويومنگ | نعم | None | since 1996[1] |
منطقة كلومبيا | لا | None[16][17] | The Language Access Act of 2004 guarantees equal access and participation in public services, programs, and activities for residents of the District of Columbia who cannot (or have limited capacity to) speak, read, or write English. Speakers of Amharic, French, Chinese, Spanish, Vietnamese and Korean receive additional accommodations.[18][19] |
ساموا الأمريكية | نعم | Samoan[20] | |
گوام | نعم | Chamorro[21] | |
جزر ماريانا الشمالية | نعم | Chamorro, Carolinian[22] | |
پوِرتو ريكو | نعم | Spanish[23] | |
جزر العذراء الأمريكية | نعم | None[24] |
المراجع
- ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح خ د ذ ر ز س ش ص ض ط ظ ع غ ف ق ك ل م ن هـ و ي أأ أب أت أث أج أح أخ أد أذ أر أز أس أش أص أض أط أظ أع Crawford, James (June 24, 2008). "Language Legislation in the U.S.A." languagepolicy.net. Retrieved April 27, 2011.
- ^ "Once forbidden, Alaska's Native languages now official state languages". KTOO. October 24, 2014. Retrieved October 25, 2014.
- ^ "Alaska State Legislature". www.akleg.gov.
- ^ "Arizona makes English official". Washington Times. November 8, 2006. Retrieved April 28, 2011.
- ^
- ^ Crawford, James. "Language Policy -- Louisiana". Language Legislation in the U.S.A. Retrieved 2016-10-10.
- ^ IT, Missouri Secretary of State - (2020-03-03). "2008 Ballot Measures". Missouri Secretary of State. Retrieved 2022-03-10.
- ^ "Section I-27, English language to be official". Justia Law. 2022-01-24. Retrieved 2022-03-10.
- ^ "Keetoowah Cherokee is the Official Language of the UKB" (PDF). keetoowahcherokee.org/. Keetoowah Cherokee News: Official Publication of the United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians in Oklahoma. April 2009. Retrieved 1 June 2014.
- ^ "UKB Constitution and By-Laws in the Keetoowah Cherokee Language (PDF)" (PDF). www.keetoowahcherokee.org/. United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians. Retrieved 2 June 2014.
- ^ "The Cherokee Nation & its Language" (PDF). University of Minnesota: Center for Advanced Research on Language Acquisition. 2008. Retrieved 2014-05-22.
- ^ Slipke, Darla (November 3, 2010). "Oklahoma elections: Republican-backed measures win approval". NewsOK. The Oklahoman. Retrieved April 28, 2011.
- ^ "Amendment For Printed Bill". South Dakota Legislature.
- ^ "Official Language Amendments". BillofError: the
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(in الإنجليزية). Utah Legislature. - ^ "U.S. English Efforts Lead West Virginia to Become 32nd State to Recognize English as Official Language". U.S. English. March 5, 2016. Retrieved March 22, 2016.
- ^ "(Un)Constitutionality of English as the Official Language of the US". Daily Kos.
- ^ Zavodny, Madeline (July 2000). "The Effects of Official English Laws on Limited‐English‐Proficient Workers". Journal of Labor Economics. The University of Chicago Press. 18 (3): 427–452. doi:10.1086/209965.
- ^ "Know Your Rights: Language Access | ohr". ohr.dc.gov.
- ^ ""I Speak" Cards for Language Assistance | ohr". ohr.dc.gov.
- ^ "Samoa now an official language of instruction in American Samoa". Radio New Zealand International. 2008-10-03. Retrieved 2011-04-28.
- ^ "Guam". Encyclopaedia Britannica. 2018-10-24. Retrieved 2018-10-25.
- ^ "Northern Mariana Islands". Encyclopaedia Britannica. 2018-10-19. Retrieved 2018-10-25.
- ^ Crawford, James. "Puerto Rico and Official English". languagepolicy.net. Retrieved April 27, 2011.
- ^ "Frequently Asked Questions". visitusvi.com. United States Virgin Islands. Retrieved April 27, 2011.