قائمة مواقع التراث العالمي في جنوب شرق آسيا
![]() | اِقتـُرِح أن هذا المقال يجب أن تـُفصـَل إلى مقالات جديدة بعنوان [[::List of World Heritage Sites in Southeast Asia|List of World Heritage Sites in Southeast Asia]]، [[::Intangible Cultural Heritage Register of Southeast Asia|Intangible Cultural Heritage Register of Southeast Asia]]، [[::Southeast Asia Memories of the World Register|Southeast Asia Memories of the World Register]]و [[::UNESCO Biosphere Reserves of Southeast Asia|UNESCO Biosphere Reserves of Southeast Asia]] عدة. (ناقش) (April 2020) |
The UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) has designated 41 World Heritage Sites in eleven countries (also called "State parties") of Southeast Asia: Indonesia, Vietnam, Thailand, Philippines, Malaysia, Myanmar, Cambodia, Singapore, and Laos. Only Brunei and East Timor lack World Heritage Sites.[1][2]
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المفتاح
- Site; named after the World Heritage Committee's official designation[3]
- Location; at city, regional, or provincial level and geocoordinates
- Criteria; as defined by the World Heritage Committee[4]
- Area; in hectares and acres. If available, the size of the buffer zone has been noted as well. A value of zero implies that no data has been published by UNESCO
- Year; during which the site was inscribed to the World Heritage List
- Description; brief information about the site, including reasons for qualifying as an endangered site, if applicable.
مواقع التراث العالمي
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Location of sites
Southeast Asia has the fewest UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Asia, next to Central and North Asia, despite being the base of the UNESCO Asia-Pacific headquarters located in Bangkok, Thailand and having a diverse line of natural and cultural heritage sites. Due to this, numerous scholars have been calling on Southeast Asian governments to participate and nominate more sites in UNESCO annually.
Various institutions have also criticized UNESCO for its 'Europe-centric' designations. An example of which was when UNESCO declared 10 UNESCO sites in Italy (a European country) in just a single year (1997). During the same time, 8 sites were declared for the entire Asian continent, where no designated site was located in Southeast Asia at all.[51]
Green - Natural; Yellow - Cultural; Blue - Mixed; Red - In danger
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أداء جنوب شرق آسيا في اليونسكو
The performance of Southeast Asia is contrasted by the performance of South and East Asia. Southeast Asian countries are in blue.
![](/w/images/timeline/psd2m9r0thtkfnfgcc2c4twg7eykuhb.png)
UNESCO Tentative List of Southeast Asia
Brunei, Singapore and Timor-Leste currently have no tentative list sites. Both Brunei and Timor-Leste are presently undergoing comprehensive research for tentative site submissions[بحاجة لمصدر]. Malaysia, Thailand and Viet Nam revised their tentative lists in 2017. Laos, Philippines and Myanmar revised their tentative lists in 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Cambodia last revised its tentative list in 2020. Indonesia last revised their tentative lists in 2018. The following lists also include the current nomination process being focused on by each country.
- Cambodia: Currently in process of nominatins on 27 March 2020
- Beng Malea Temple (27/03/2020)
- Ancient City of Oudong (27/03/2020)
- Former M-13 prison/ Tuol Sleng Genocide Museum (former S-21)/ Choeung Ek Genocidal Centre (former Execution Site of S-21) (27/03/2020)
- Koh Ker: Archeological site of Ancient Lingapura Or Chok Gargyar (27/03/2020)
- Phnom Kulen: Archeological Site/Ancient Site of Mahendraparvata (27/03/2020)
- The ancient complex of Preah Khan Kompong Svay (27/03/2020)
- The Archeological complex of Banteay Chhmar (27/03/2020)
- The Site of Angkor Borei and Phnom Da (27/03/2020)
- process of nominating Kebun Raya and Yogyakarta since 2018.[52]
- Betung Kerihun National Park (Transborder Rainforest Heritage of Borneo) (2004)
- Bunaken National Park (2005)
- Raja Ampat Islands (2005)
- Taka Bone Rate National Park (2005)
- Wakatobi National Park (2005)
- Derawan Islands (2005)
- Tana Toraja Traditional Settlement (2009)
- Bawomataluo Site (2009)
- Muara Takus Compound Site (2009)
- Muarajambi Temple Compound (2009)
- Trowulan - Former Capital City of Majapahit Kingdom (2009)
- Prehistoric Cave Sites in Maros-Pangkep (2009)
- Sangkulirang - Mangkalihat Karts: Prehistoric rock art area (2015)
- Old Town of Jakarta (Formerly old Batavia) and 4 outlying islands (Onrust, Kelor, Cipir dan Bidadari) (2015) (Nominated for 2018)[53]
- Semarang Old Town (2015)
- Traditional Settlement at Nagari Sijunjung (2015)
- The Historic and Marine Landscape of the Banda Islands (2015)
- Historical City Centre of Yogyakarta (2017)
- Kebun Raya Bogor (2018)
- Laos: Currently in process of nomination Vientiane in the world heritage list since 1992.
- Pha That Luang (Vientiane) (1992)
- Hin Nam No National Protected Area (2016)
- Malaysia: Currently in process of nominating Taman Negara to the world heritage list since 2014.
- National Park (Taman Negara) of Peninsular Malaysia (2014)
- FRIM Selangor Forest Park (2017)
- Gombak Selangor Quartz Ridge (2017)
- Royal Belum State Park (2017)
- Sungai Buloh Leprosarium (2019)
- Myanmar: Currently in process of nominating Mrauk U and Shwedagon to the world heritage list since 1996.[54]
- Wooden Monasteries of Konbaung Period: Ohn Don, Sala, Pakhangyi, Pakhannge, Legaing, Sagu, Shwe-Kyaung (Mandalay) (1996)
- Badah-lin caves (1996)
- Ancient cities of Upper Myanmar: Innwa, Amarapura, Sagaing, Mingun, Mandalay (1996)
- Myauk-U Archaeological Area and Monuments (1996)
- Inle Lake (1996)
- Mon cities: Bago, Hanthawaddy (1996)
- Ayeyawady River Corridor (2014)
- Hkakabo Razi Forest Complex (2014)
- Indawgyi Lake Wildlife Sanctuary (2014)
- Natmataung National Park (2014)
- Myeik Archipelago (2014)
- Hukaung Valley Wildlife Sanctuary (2014)
- Taninthayi Forest Corridor (2014)
- Philippines: Currently in process of nominating Mayon Volcano and Batanes in the world heritage list since 1993.[55]
- Batanes Protected landscapes and seascapes (1993)
- The Tabon Cave Complex and all of Lipuun (2006)
- Paleolithic Archaeological Sites in Cagayan Valley (2006)
- Kabayan Mummy Burial Caves (2006)
- Butuan Archeological Sites (2006)
- Baroque Churches of the Philippines (Extension)(2006)
- Petroglyphs and Petrographs of the Philippines (2006)
- Neolithic Shell Midden Sites in Lal-lo and Gattaran Municipalities (2006)
- Chocolate Hills Natural Monument (2006)
- Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park (2006)
- Mt. Pulag National Park (2006)
- Apo Reef Natural Park (2006)
- El Nido-Taytay Managed Resource Protected Area (2006)
- Coron Island Natural Biotic Area (2006)
- Mt. Iglit-Baco National Park (2006)
- Northern Sierra Madre Natural Park and outlying areas inclusive of the buffer zone (2006)
- Mt. Mantalingahan Protected Landscape (2015)
- Mayon Volcano Natural Park (MMVNP) (2015)
- Turtle Islands Wildlife Sanctuary (2015)
- Thailand: Currently in process of nomination Phimai in the world heritage list since 2004.
- Phimai, its Cultural Route and the Associated Temples of Phanomroong and Muangtam (2004)
- Phuphrabat Historical Park (2004)(Nominated for 2016)
- Kaeng Krachan Forest Complex (KKFC) (2011)(Nominated for 2016)
- Wat Phra Mahathat Woramahawihan, Nakhon Si Thammarat (2012)
- Monuments, Sites and Cultural Landscape of Chiang Mai, Capital of Lanna (2015)
- Phra That Phanom, its related historic buildings and associated landscape (2017)
- Viet Nam: Currently in process of nominating Sapa in the world heritage list since 1997.
- The Area of Old Carved Stone in Sapa (1997)
- Huong Son Complex of Natural Beauty and Historical Monuments (1991)
- Cat Tien National Park (2006)
- Con Moong Cave (2006)
- The Complex of Yen Tu Monuments and Landscape (2014)
- Ha Long Bay – Cat Ba Archipelago (2017)
- Ba Be - Na Hang Natural Heritage Area (2017)
UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Register of Southeast Asia
The Intangible Cultural Heritage of Southeast Asia is represented by Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Vietnam. Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Singapore, Brunei, and East Timor have either not yet submitted an intangible heritage to UNESCO or they have yet to ratify and participate in the Intangible Cultural Registrar of UNESCO. Southeast Asia has two endangered intangible cultural heritage, Ca trung singing of Vietnam and Noken multifunctional knotted or woven bag, handcraft of the people of Papua of Indonesia. The latest inscription for Southeast Asia is Traditions of Pencak Silat in 2019, which was submitted by Indonesia.
Member state | Element[1] | Year Proclaimed[2] | Year Inscribed[3] | Description[4] | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
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The Royal Ballet of Cambodia | 2003 | 2008 | [56] | |
Sbek Thom, Khmer Shadow Theatre | 2005 | 2008 | [57] | ||
Chapei Dang Veng | 2016 | [58] | |||
Lkhon Khol Wat Svay Andet | 2018 | [59] | |||
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Wayang puppet theatre | 2003 | 2008 | [60] | |
Indonesian Kris | 2005 | 2008 | [61] | ||
Indonesian Batik | 2009 | 2009 | [62] | ||
Education and training in Indonesian Batik intangible cultural heritage for elementary, junior, senior, vocational school and polytechnic students, in collaboration with the Batik Museum in Pekalongan | 2009 | [63] | |||
Indonesian Angklung | 2010 | 2010 | [64] | ||
Saman dance | 2011 | [65] | |||
Noken multifunctional knotted or woven bag, handcraft of the people of Papua | 2012 | [66] | |||
Three genres of traditional dance in Bali | 2015 | [67] | |||
Pinisi, the art of boatbuilding in South Sulawesi | 2017 | [68] | |||
Traditions of Pencak Silat | 2019 | [69] | |||
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Mak Yong Theatre | 2005 | 2008 | [70] | |
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The Hudhud Chants of the Ifugao | 2001 | 2008 | [71] | |
The Darangen Epic of the Maranao People of Lake Lanao | 2005 | 2008 | [72] | ||
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Khon, masked dance drama in Thailand | 2018 | [73] | ||
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Nhã nhạc, Vietnamese Court Music | 2003 | 2008 | [74] | |
Space of Gong Culture | 2005 | 2008 | [75] | ||
Quan Họ Bắc Ninh folk songs | 2009 | 2009 | [76] | ||
Ca Trù singing | 2009 | 2009 | [77] | ||
Gióng festival of Phù Ðổng and Sóc Temples | 2010 | 2010 | [78] | ||
Xoan singing of Phú Thọ Province | 2011 | 2011 | [79] | ||
Worship of Hùng Kings in Phú Thọ | 2012 | 2012 | [80] | ||
Art of Đờn ca tài tử music and song in southern Việt Nam | 2013 | 2013 | [81] | ||
Ví and Giặm folk songs of Nghệ Tĩnh | 2014 | 2014 | [82] | ||
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Tugging rituals and games | 2015 | 2015 | [83] |
Southeast Asia Memories of the World Register
UNESCO's Memory of the World Programme is an international initiative launched to safeguard the documentary heritage of humanity against collective amnesia, neglect, the ravages of time and climatic conditions, and willful and deliberate destruction.[1] It calls for the preservation of valuable archival holdings, library collections and private individual compendia all over the world for posterity, the reconstitution of dispersed or displaced documentary heritage, and the increased accessibility to and dissemination of these items.
Southeast Asia's entry to the Memories of the World Register was through the submission of the Philippine Paleographs (Hanunoo, Build, Tagbanua and Pala’wan) by the National Museum of the Philippines in 1999, where it was inscribed on the same year as well. Following this landmark for the region, Malaysia followed with an immediate three submissions in 2001, all of which were inscribed the same year. Vietnam, Thailand, and Indonesia followed in 2003. After these landmark submissions and inscriptions, Southeast Asia's contribution to the Memories of the World Register has expanded into 24, 1 from Cambodia, 5 from Indonesia (1 of which is a multinational inscription), 4 from Malaysia, 3 from Myanmar (1 of which is a multinational site), 4 from the Philippines, 4 from Thailand, 1 from Timor-Leste, and 2 from Vietnam. Singapore, Laos, and Brunei have yet to inscript a submission in the Register.
Member state | Memory | Submission | Inscription | Submitted By | Detail | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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Tuol Sleng Genocide Museum Archives | 2008 | 2009 | [84] | ||
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Asian-African Conference Archives | 2014 | 2015 | [85] | ||
Babad Diponegoro or Autobiographical Chronicle of Prince Diponegoro (1785–1855). A Javanese nobleman, Indonesian national hero and pan-Islamist | 2012 | 2013 | [86] | |||
Nāgarakrĕtāgama or Description of the Country (1365 AD) | 2012 | 2013 | [87] | |||
La Galigo | 2010 | 2011 | [88] | |||
Multinational: ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
Archives of the Dutch East India Company | 2003 | 2003 | [89] | ||
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Batu Bersurat Terengganu (Inscribed Stone of Terengganu) | 2008 | 2009 | [90] | ||
Correspondence of the late Sultan of Kedah (1882–1943) | 2001 | 2001 | [91] | |||
Hikayat Hang Tuah | 2001 | 2001 | [92] | |||
Sejarah Melayu (The Malay Annals) | 2001 | 2001 | [93] | |||
Multinational: ![]() ![]() ![]() |
The Golden Letter of the Burmese King Alaungphaya to King George II of Great Britain | 2014 | 2015 | [94] | ||
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Myazedi Quadrilingual Stone Inscription | 2014 | 2015 | [95] | ||
Maha Lawkamarazein or Kuthodaw Inscription Shrines | 2012 | 2013 | [96] | |||
King Bayinnaung Bell Inscription | 2016 | 2017 | [97] | |||
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Presidential Papers of Manuel L. Quezon | 2010 | 2011 | The Manuel L. Quezon Papers, University of Michigan Library | [98] | |
José Maceda Collection | 2007 | 2007 | U.P. Center for Ethnomusicology, Quezon City | [99] | ||
Radio Broadcast of the Philippine People Power Revolution | 2003 | 2003 | [100] | |||
Philippine Paleographs (Hanunoo, Build, Tagbanua and Pala’wan) | 1999 | 1999 | National Museum, Manila | [101] | ||
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"The Minute Books of the Council of the Siam Society", 100 years of recording international cooperation in research and the dissemination of knowledge in the arts and sciences | 2012 | 2013 | [102] | ||
Epigraphic Archives of Wat Pho | 2010 | 2011 | [103] | |||
Archival Documents of King Chulalongkorn's Transformation of Siam (1868–1910) | 2008 | 2009 | [104] | |||
The King Ram Khamhaeng Inscription | 2003 | 2003 | [105] | |||
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On the Birth of a Nation: Turning points | 2012 | 2013 | [106] | ||
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Stone Stele Records of Royal Examinations of the Le and Mac Dynasties (1442–1779) | 2010 | 2011 | [107] | ||
Woodblocks of Nguyen Dynasty | 2008 | 2009 | [108] |
UNESCO Biosphere Reserves of Southeast Asia
Launched in 1971, UNESCO’s Man and the Biosphere Programme (MAB) is an Intergovernmental Scientific Programme that aims to establish a scientific basis for the improvement of relationships between people and their environments.
MAB combines the natural and social sciences, economics and education to improve human livelihoods and the equitable sharing of benefits, and to safeguard natural and managed ecosystems, thus promoting innovative approaches to economic development that are socially and culturally appropriate, and environmentally sustainable.
Its World Network of Biosphere Reserves currently counts more than 650 biosphere reserves in at least 120 countries all over the world. Southeast Asia is currently represented by 29 Biosphere Reserves; 1 from Cambodia, 10 from Indonesia, 2 from Malaysia, 1 from Myanmar, 2 from the Philippines, 4 from Thailand, and 9 from Vietnam. Brunei, Laos, Timor-Leste, and Singapore currently has no inscribed biosphere reserves in the list.[109]
Country | Biosphere Reserve | Representative Image | Designation Year (Periodic Reviews) | Description | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
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Tonle Sap | 1997 (2012) | [110] | ||
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Cibodas | 1977 (2011) | [111] | ||
Komodo | 1977 (1999, 2013) | [112] | |||
Lore Lindu | 1977 (1999, 2013) | [113] | |||
Tanjung Puting | 1977 (1998, 2013) | [114] | |||
Gunung Leuser | 1981 (1998, 2013) | [115] | |||
Siberut | 1981 (1998, 2013) | [116] | |||
Giam Siak Kecil-Bukit Batu | 2009 | [117] | |||
Wakatobi | 2012 | [118] | |||
Bromo Tengger Semeru-Arjuno | 2015 | [119] | |||
Taka Bonerate-Kepulauan Selayar | 2015 | [120] | |||
Belambangan | 2016 | [121] | |||
Berbak-Sembilang | 2018 | [122] | |||
Batang Kerihun-Danau Sentarum Kapuas Hulu | 2018 | [123] | |||
Rinjani-Lombok | 2018 | [124] | |||
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Tasik Chini | 2009 | [125] | ||
Crocker Range | 2014 | [126] | |||
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Inlay Lake | 2015 | [127] | ||
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Puerto Galera | 1997 (2014) | [128] | ||
Palawan | 1990 (2012) | [129] | |||
Albay | 2016 | [130] | |||
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Sakaerat | 1976 (1999) | [131] | ||
Hauy Tak Teak | 1997 (1999, 2014) | [132] | |||
Mae Sa-Kog Ma | 1997 (1999) | [133] | |||
Ranong | 1997 (2011, 2014) | [134] | |||
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Can Gio Mangrove | 2001 | [135] | ||
Dong Nai | 2001 (2012) - Extended in 2011 and renamed from Cat Tien | [136] | |||
Cat Ba | 2004 | [137] | |||
Red River Delta | 2004 | [138] | |||
Kien Giang | 2006 | [139] | |||
Western Nghe An | 2007 | [140] | |||
Mui Ca Mau | 2009 | [141] | |||
Cu Lao Cham - Hoi An | 2009 | [142] | |||
Langbiang | 2015 | [143] |
المجلس التنفيذي لليونسكو
Currently, 4 Southeast Asian countries are serving as members of the UNESCO Executive Board. Vietnam and Malaysia's terms shall expire in 2019, while the Philippines and Indonesia's terms shall expire in 2021. The Philippines has expressed a possible UNESCO Director-General bid in 2021 or 2025. The country has cited its possible candidate to be Senator Loren Legarda, a United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change National Adaptation Plan Champion, United Nations Global Champion for Resilience, Dangal ng Haraya Patron of Arts and Culture, Chevalier/Cavaliere to France and Italy, and an Honorary Royalty to the Indigenous Peoples of Mindanao, Panay, and the Cordilleras. She has also been cited by the United States as one of the most powerful woman in the Philippines and Southeast Asia. She initiated the formation of the Climate Vulnerable Forum, which encompasses initially 20 countries worldwide. The 10-nation ASEAN bloc, Timor-Leste, and Papua New Guinea support the possible candidature of the Philippines. The United States, Russia, Japan, China, and the Latin American bloc have expressed similar support as well.[144][145]
انظر أيضاً
- List of World Heritage Sites in Indonesia
- List of World Heritage Sites in Thailand
- List of World Heritage Sites in the Philippines
- List of World Heritage Sites in Malaysia
- List of World Heritage Sites in Cambodia
- List of World Heritage Sites in Vietnam
ملاحظات
المراجع
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<ref>
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- ^ "Pinisi, the art of boatbuilding in South Sulawesi". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2018-07-20.
- ^ "Tradition of Pencak Silat". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2019-12-12.
- ^ "Mak Yong Theatre". UNESCO Culture Sector. Archived from the original on October 7, 2012. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
- ^ "The Hudhud Chants of the Ifugao". UNESCO Culture Sector. Archived from the original on October 7, 2012. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
- ^ "The Darangen Epic of the Maranao People of Lake Lanao". UNESCO Culture Sector. Archived from the original on October 7, 2012. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
- ^ "Khon, masked dance drama in Thailand". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2018-11-29.
- ^ "Nha Nhac, Vietnamese Court Music". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2015-09-16.
- ^ "The Space of Gong Culture". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2015-09-16.
- ^ "Quan Họ Bắc Ninh folk songs". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2015-09-16.
- ^ "Ca trù singing". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2015-09-16.
- ^ "Gióng festival of Phù Ðông and Sóc temples". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2015-09-16.
- ^ "Xoan singing of Phú Thọ Province, Viet Nam". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2015-09-16.
- ^ "Worship of Hùng kings in Phú Thọ". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2015-09-16.
- ^ "Art of Đờn ca tài tử music and song in southern Viet Nam". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2015-09-16.
- ^ "Ví and Giặm folk songs of Nghệ Tĩnh". UNESCO Culture Sector. Retrieved 2015-09-16.
- ^ "Tugging rituals and games - intangible heritage - Culture Sector - UNESCO". www.unesco.org.
- ^ "Tuol Sleng Genocide Museum Archives - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization". www.unesco.org.
- ^ "Asian-African Conference Archives - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization". www.unesco.org.
- ^ "Babad Diponegoro or Autobiographical Chronicle of Prince Diponegoro (1785-1855). A Javanese nobleman, Indonesian national hero and pan-Islamist - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization". www.unesco.org.
- ^ "Nāgarakrĕtāgama or Description of the Country (1365 AD) - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization". www.unesco.org.
- ^ "La Galigo - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization". www.unesco.org.
- ^ "Archives of the Dutch East India Company - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization". www.unesco.org.
- ^ "Batu Bersurat Terengganu (Inscribed Stone of Terengganu) - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization". www.unesco.org.
- ^ "Correspondence of the late Sultan of Kedah (1882-1943) - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization". www.unesco.org.
- ^ "Hikayat Hang Tuah - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization". www.unesco.org.
- ^ "Sejarah Melayu (The Malay Annals) - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization". www.unesco.org.
- ^ "The Golden Letter of the Burmese King Alaungphaya to King George II of Great Britain - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization". www.unesco.org.
- ^ "Myazedi Quadrilingual Stone Inscription - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization". www.unesco.org.
- ^ "Maha Lawkamarazein or Kuthodaw Inscription Shrines - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization". www.unesco.org.
- ^ "King Bayinnaung Bell Inscription | United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization". www.unesco.org. Retrieved 2019-07-10.
- ^ "Presidential Papers of Manuel L. Quezon - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization". www.unesco.org.
- ^ "José Maceda Collection - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization". www.unesco.org.
- ^ "Radio Broadcast of the Philippine People Power Revolution - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization". www.unesco.org.
- ^ "Philippine Paleographs (Hanunoo, Buid, Tagbanua and Pala'wan) - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization". www.unesco.org.
- ^ ""The Minute Books of the Council of the Siam Society", 100 years of recording international cooperation in research and the dissemination of knowledge in the arts and sciences - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization". www.unesco.org.
- ^ "Epigraphic Archives of Wat Pho - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization". www.unesco.org.
- ^ "Archival Documents of King Chulalongkorn's Transformation of Siam (1868-1910) - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization". www.unesco.org.
- ^ "The King Ram Khamhaeng Inscription - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization". www.unesco.org.
- ^ "On the Birth of a Nation: Turning points - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization". www.unesco.org.
- ^ "Stone Stele Records of Royal Examinations of the Le and Mac Dynasties (1442-1779) - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization". www.unesco.org.
- ^ "Woodblocks of Nguyen Dynasty - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization". www.unesco.org.
- ^ "MAB Programme - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization". www.unesco.org.
- ^ "Tonle Sap - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization". www.unesco.org.
- ^ "Cibodas - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization". www.unesco.org.
- ^ "Komodo - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization". www.unesco.org.
- ^ "Lore Lindu - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization". www.unesco.org.
- ^ "Tanjung Puting - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization". www.unesco.org.
- ^ "Gunung Leuser - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization". www.unesco.org.
- ^ "Siberut - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization". www.unesco.org.
- ^ "Giam Siak Kecil-Bukit Batu - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization". www.unesco.org.
- ^ "Wakatobi - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization". www.unesco.org.
- ^ "Bromo Tengger Semeru-Arjuno - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization". www.unesco.org.
- ^ "Taka Bonerate Kepulauan-Selayar - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization". www.unesco.org.
- ^ "Belambangan - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization". www.unesco.org.
- ^ "Berbak-Sembilang Biosphere Reserve, Indonesia". www.unesco.org.
- ^ "Batang Kerihun Danau Sentarum Kapuas Hulu Biosphere Reserve, Indonesia". www.unesco.org.
- ^ "Rinjani-Lombok Biosphere Reserve, Indonesia". www.unesco.org.
- ^ "Tasik Chini - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization". www.unesco.org.
- ^ "Crocker Range - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization". www.unesco.org.
- ^ "Inlay Lake - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization". www.unesco.org.
- ^ "Puerto Galera - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization". www.unesco.org.
- ^ "Palawan - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization". www.unesco.org.
- ^ "Albay declared UNESCO biosphere reserve".
- ^ "UNESCO - MAB Biosphere Reserves Directory". www.unesco.org.
- ^ "UNESCO - MAB Biosphere Reserves Directory". www.unesco.org.
- ^ "UNESCO - MAB Biosphere Reserves Directory". www.unesco.org.
- ^ "UNESCO - MAB Biosphere Reserves Directory". www.unesco.org.
- ^ "Can Gio Mangrove - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization". www.unesco.org.
- ^ "Dong Nai - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization". www.unesco.org.
- ^ "Cat Ba - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization". www.unesco.org.
- ^ "Red River Delta - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization". www.unesco.org.
- ^ "Kien Giang - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization". www.unesco.org.
- ^ "Western Nghe An - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization". www.unesco.org.
- ^ "Mui Ca Mau - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization". www.unesco.org.
- ^ "Cu Lao Cham - Hoi An - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization". www.unesco.org.
- ^ "Langbiang - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization". www.unesco.org.
- ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم
<ref>
غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماةauto
- ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم
<ref>
غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماةauto1
مصادر عامة
- "World Heritage Committee: Sixteenth session" (PDF). UNESCO. Retrieved 28 May 2010.
- "World Heritage Committee: Twenty-eighth session" (PDF). UNESCO. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
- "List of World Heritage Sites in Southeast Asia with large pictures". Retrieved 6 March 2015.
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