سيريماڤو بندرانايكه
سيريماڤو بندرانايكه | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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සිරිමාවෝ බණ්ඩාරනායක Sirimavo Bandaranaike | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
رئيسة وزراء سريلانكا | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
في المنصب 14 نوفمبر 1994[1] – 10 أغسطس 2000[1] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
الرئيس | چاندريكا كمراتونگا | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
سبقه | چاندريكا كمراتونگا | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
خلـَفه | راتنسيري ويكرمنياكه | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
في المنصب 29 مايو 1970[1] – 23 يوليو 1977[1] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
العاهل | إليزابث الثانية (حتى 22 مايو 1972) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
الرئيس | وليام گوپالاوا (من 22 مايو 1972) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
الحاكم العام | وليام گوپالاوا (حتى 22 مايو 1972) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
سبقه | ددلي سنانياكه | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
خلـَفه | ج. ر. جاياوردنه | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
في المنصب 21 يوليو 1960[1] – 27 مارس 1965[1] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
العاهل | إليزابث الثانية | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
الحاكم العام | أوليڤر گونتليك وليام گوپالاوا | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
سبقه | ددلي سنانياكه | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
خلـَفه | ددلي سنانياكه | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
زعيمة المعارضة رقم 5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
في المنصب 9 مارس 1989[2] – 24 يونيو 1994[2] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
الرئيس | رناسنگه پرماداسا دينگيري بندا ويجتونگا | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
رئيس الوزراء | دينگيري بندا ويجتونگا رنيل وكرمسنگه | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
سبقه | أنورا بندرانياكه | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
خلـَفه | جاميني ديسانياكه | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
في المنصب 5 أبريل 1965[2] – 25 مارس 1970[2] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
العاهل | إليزابث الثانية | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
الحاكم العام | وليام گوپالاوا | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
رئيس الوزراء | ددلي سنانياكه | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
سبقه | ددلي سنانياكه | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
خلـَفه | ج. ر. جاياوردنه | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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تفاصيل شخصية | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
وُلِد | Sirima Ratwatte سيريما راتواته 17 أبريل 1916 راتناپورا، سيلان البريطانية | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
توفي | 10 أكتوبر 2000 كداواتا، المقاطعة الغربية، سريلانكا | (aged 84)||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
المثوى | هوراگولا بندرانياكه سمدي | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
الحزب | حزب حرية سريلانكا | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
الزوج | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
القرابة | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
الأنجال | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
الوالدان |
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الإقامة | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
التعليم |
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الوظيفة |
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سيريما راتواته دياس باندرانايكه (بالسنهالية: සිරිමා රත්වත්තේ ඩයස් බණ්ඩාරනායක، بالتاميل: சிறிமா ரத்வத்தே டயஸ் பண்டாரநாயக்கே؛ و. 17 أبريل 1916 - ت. 10 أكتوبر 2020، شهرتها سيريماڤو بندرانايكه،[note 1]، هي سيدة دولة سريلانكية. عُينت كأول رئيسة وزراء في العالم، عندما أصبحت رئيسة وزراء سريلانكا (دومنيون سيلان في ذلك الوقت) عام 1960.[17] خدمت ثلاث فترات: 1960-1965، 1970-1977، و1997-2000.
وُلدت لعائلة كنديانية أرستقراطية، ودرست في مدارس إنگليزية-متوسطة كاثوليكية، لكنها ظلت على ديانتها البوذية، وكانت تتحدث السنهالية بالإضافة للإنگليزية. بعد تخرجها من المدرسة الثانوية، عملت في عدة برامج اجتماعية، قبل أن تتزوج وتنشئ عائلة. لعبت دوراً بارزاً في حياة زوجها س. و. ر. د. بندرانايكه، السياسي الذي أصبح رئيساً للوزراء فيما بعد، واكتسبت ثقته كمستشارة غير رسمية. تركز عملها الاجتماعي على تحسين حياة النساء والفتيات في المناطق الريفية بسريلانكا. في أعقاب اغتيال زوجها عام 1959، دخلت بندرنايكه الحياة السياسية، لتصبح رئيسة حزب حرية سريلانكا؛ وقادت الحزب للفوز في انتخابات يوليو 1960.
حاولت بندرنايكه إصلاح مستعمرة سيلان البريطانية السابقة لتصبح جمهورية اشتراكية عن طريق تأميم المنظمات العاملة في قطاع الصرافة، التعليم، الصناعة، الإعلام والقطاع. غيرت اللغة الإدارية من الإنگليزية إلى السنهالية، مما زاد السخط بين السكان التاميل، الأمر الذي زادت حدته عندما التاميل مواطنين من درجة أقل بموجب قانون المواطنة لعام 1948. خلال فترة ولايتها الأولى كرئيسة وزراء، كانت البلاد تعاني من التضخم والضرائب، وكانت في إطعام السكان على الواردات الغذائية، مع ارتفاع معدل البطالة، والاستقطاب بين السكان السنهاليين والتاميل بسبب سياساتها الوطنية السنهالية. صمدت بندرانايكه أمام محاولة انقلاب 1962، وانتفاضة الشباب الراديكاليين 1971، وأشرفت عام 1972 على صياغة مسودة للدستور الجديد وتأسيس جمهورية سريلانكا. In 1975, Bandaranaike created what would eventually become the Sri Lankan Ministry of Women and Child Affairs, also appointing the first woman to serve in the Sri Lankan Cabinet. Bandaranaike's tenure was marked by inadequate economic development at the national level. She played a large role abroad as a negotiator and a leader among the Non-Aligned Nations.
Ousted from power in the 1977 elections, Bandaranaike was stripped of her civil rights in 1980 for abuses of power during her tenure and barred from government for seven years. Her successors initially improved the domestic economy, but failed to address social issues, and led the country into a protracted civil war. When she returned to party leadership in 1986, Bandaranaike opposed allowing the Indian Peace Keeping Force to intervene in the civil war, believing it violated Sri Lankan sovereignty. Failing to win the office of President in 1988, she served as Leader of the Opposition in the legislature from 1989 to 1994. When her daughter won the presidential election that year, Bandaranaike was appointed to her third term as Prime Minister and served until her retirement in 2000, two months prior to her death.
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السنوات المبكرة (1916–1940)
تكوين الأسرة، العمل الاجتماعي (1940–1959)
مسيرتها السياسية
أول رئيسة وزراء (1960–1965)
زعيمة المعارضة (1965–1970)
رئاسة الوزراء الثانية (1970–1977)
زعيمة الحزب (1977–1988)
زعيمة المعارضة (1989–1994)
رئاسة الوزراء الثالثة (1994–2000)
وفاتها وذكراها
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
التاريخ الانتخابي
الانتخابات | الدائرة | الحزب | الأصوات | النتائج |
---|---|---|---|---|
البرلمانية 1965 | أتانگيلا | حزب حرية سريلانكا | 26٫150 | أنتخبت |
البرلمانية 1970 | أتانگيلا | حزب حرية سريلانكا | 31٫612 | أنتخبت |
البرلمانية 1977 | أتانگيلا | حزب حرية سريلانكا | 30٫226 | أنتخبت |
البرلمانية 1988 | حزب حرية سريلانكا | 2,289,860 | لم تنتخب | |
البرلمانية 1989 | گمپاها | حزب حرية سريلانكا | 214٫390 | أنتخبت |
مرئيات
رئيس الوزراء الصيني ژو إنلاي يستقبل سيريماڤو بندرانايكه في المطار، حيث لاقت بندرانايكه ترحيباً كبيراً في زيارتها لبكين عام 1964. |
الهوامش
المصادر
الحواشي
- ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح Richards 2014, p. 194.
- ^ أ ب ت ث Parliament of Sri Lanka 2015a.
- ^ أ ب Schaffer 1995, p. 419.
- ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح Parliament of Sri Lanka 2018.
- ^ أ ب Sri Lanka Year Book 1975 1976, p. 18.
- ^ أ ب Rajasingham 2002.
- ^ The Times 1960a, p. 10.
- ^ Schaffer 1995, p. 412.
- ^ International Business Publications USA 2008, pp. 14–15.
- ^ Ganguly 2000.
- ^ Parliament of Sri Lanka 2015c.
- ^ Government of Sri Lanka 1994, pp. 47–48.
- ^ Parliament of Sri Lanka 2015b.
- ^ The Guardian 1980, p. 7.
- ^ Peiris 1964b, p. 21.
- ^ Rettie 2000.
- ^ "Sirimavo Bandaranaike". The Economist. 19 October 2000. Retrieved 21 July 2020.
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(help) قالب:Subscription needed - DeVotta, Neil (April 2017). "Majoritarian Politics in Sri Lanka: The Roots of Pluralism Breakdown" (PDF). pluralism.ca. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada: Global Centre for Pluralism. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 November 2018. Retrieved 1 November 2018.
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(help) - Murdoch, Lindsay (24 February 1990). "Sri Lanka rejects killings appeal". The Age. Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. p. 9. Retrieved 6 November 2018 – via Newspapers.com.
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(help) - Nakkawita, Wijitha (26 September 2010). "SWRD's vision lives on". Sunday Observer. Colombo, Sri Lanka. Archived from the original on 25 February 2018. Retrieved 7 November 2018.
{{cite news}}
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(help) - Nossiter, Bernard D. (6 March 1968). "Price of Austerity Is High in Ceylon". The Calgary Herald. Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Washington Post News Service. p. 5. Retrieved 2 November 2018 – via Newspapers.com.
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(help) - Omar, Imtiaz (1996). Rights, Emergencies, and Judicial Review. The Hague, The Netherlands: Kluwer Law International. ISBN 978-90-411-0229-4.
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(help) - Perera, K. K. S. (13 April 2016). "Centennial retrospection". Daily News. Colombo, Sri Lanka. Archived from the original on 29 October 2018. Retrieved 29 October 2018.
{{cite news}}
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(help) - Peiris, Denzil (3 May 1964). "Marxist Aid Sought: 'Left Turn' for Ceylon Brings on Political Storm". The El Paso Times. El Paso, Texas. Associated Press. p. 17. Retrieved 1 November 2018 – via Newspapers.com.
- Peiris, Denzil (11 December 1964). "Mrs. Bandaranaike's Defeat Traced to Plan to Nationalize Newspapers". The Sun-Democrat. Paducah, Kentucky. Associated Press. p. 21. Retrieved 1 November 2018 – via Newspapers.com.
- Peiris, Denzil (29 June 1963). "Struggle Underway in Ceylon". The Capital Journal. Salem, Oregon. Associated Press. p. 13. Retrieved 1 November 2018 – via Newspapers.com.
{{cite news}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Phadnis, Urmila (June 1971). "The UF Government in Ceylon: Challenges and Responses". The World Today. Vol. 27, no. 6. pp. 267–276. JSTOR 40394514.
{{cite magazine}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Rajakaruna, Lucien (10 September 1966). "Ceylon Today". The Calgary Herald. Calgary, Alberta, Canada. The London Observer News Service. p. 5. Retrieved 2 November 2018 – via Newspapers.com.
{{cite news}}
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(help) - Rajakaruna, Lucien (20 December 1972). "Civil war threatens Sri Lanka". Ottawa Citizen. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. The London Observer News Service. p. 7. Retrieved 4 November 2018 – via Newspapers.com.
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(help) - Rajasingham, K. T. (5 January 2002). "Sri Lanka: The Untold Story—Chapter 21: A further lack of perspicuity". Asia Times Online. Hong Kong. Archived from the original on 17 July 2016.
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: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Rambukwella, Harshana; Ruwanpura, Kanchana N. (July 2016). "The paradox of Sri Lanka's elite political women". dangerouswomenproject.org. University of Edinburgh. Archived from the original on 22 September 2017. Retrieved 7 December 2018.
{{cite web}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Ramirez-Faria, Carlos (2007). Concise Encyclopedia of World History. New Delhi, India: Atlantic Publishers & Distributors Ltd. ISBN 978-81-269-0775-5.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Ratwatte, Charitha (30 September 2014). "Sri Lanka's Dynastic Politics And Comrade Number Eleven (XI)". Colombo Telegraph. Colombo, Sri Lanka. Archived from the original on 23 June 2018. Retrieved 29 October 2018.
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(help) - Rettie, John (24 May 1993). "New ruler eases Sri Lanka tension". The Guardian. London, England. p. 8. Retrieved 6 November 2018 – via Newspapers.com.
{{cite news}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Rettie, John (10 October 2000). "Sirima Bandaranaike". The Guardian. London, England. Archived from the original on 10 July 2018. Retrieved 14 February 2018.
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: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Richards, Rebecca S. (2014). "Bandaranaike, Sirimavo". Transnational Feminist Rhetorics and Gendered Leadership in Global Politics: From Daughters of Destiny to Iron Ladies. Lanham, Maryland: Lexington Books. pp. 194–195. ISBN 978-0-7391-9826-1.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Richardson, John Martin (2005). Paradise Poisoned: Learning about Conflict, Terrorism, and Development from Sri Lanka's Civil Wars. Kandy, Sri Lanka: International Center for Ethnic Studies. ISBN 978-955-580-094-5.
{{cite book}}
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(help) - Riswan, M. (June 2014). "A Historical Survey of Social Class and Caste System in Sri Lanka" (PDF). Kalam. Oluvil, Sri Lanka: South Eastern University of Sri Lanka. 8 (1): 40–47. ISSN 1391-6815. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 February 2018. Retrieved 29 November 2018.
{{cite journal}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Rosenblum, Mort (16 July 1972). "Prime Minister Bandaranaike Faces More Violence". The Lansing State Journal. Lansing, Michigan. Associated Press. p. 27. Retrieved 4 November 2018 – via Newspapers.com.
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(help) - Ross, Russell R.; Savada, Andrea Matles (1990). Sri Lanka: A country study. Area Handbook Series (2nd ed.). Washington, D. C.: Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress. OCLC 1044318527.
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(help) - Rowan, F. C. (1971). "Bandaranaike, Solomon West Ridgeway Dias (1899–1959)". In Williams, E. T.; Palmer, Helen M. (eds.). Dictionary of National Biography 1951–1960. London, England: Oxford University Press. pp. 58–59. OCLC 650436979.
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: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Saha, Santosh C. (1999). "Bandaranaike, Sirimavo (1916-2000)". In Commire, Anne; Klezmer, Deborah (eds.). Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia. Vol. 2: BA-Brec. Waterford, Connecticut: Yorkin Publications. pp. 122–126. ISBN 978-0-7876-4061-3.
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: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Sala, Ilaria Maria; Lahiri, Tripti (12 February 2018). "Sri Lanka's new electoral quota is seeing thousands of women run for office". Quartz. Archived from the original on 7 March 2018. Retrieved 10 November 2018.
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(help) - Schaffer, Howard B. (May 1995). "The Sri Lankan Elections of 1994: The Chandrika Factor". Asian Survey. 35 (5): 409–425. doi:10.2307/2645745. JSTOR 2645745.
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: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Sebastian, Rita (10 November 1994). "Sri Lanka-Politics: Kumaratunga Is First Woman President". Rome, Italy. Inter Press Service. Archived from the original on 7 November 2018. Retrieved 7 November 2018.
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(help) - Seneviratne, Maureen (1975). Sirimavo Bandaranaike, the World's First Woman Prime Minister: A Biography. Colombo, Sri Lanka: Hansa Publishers. OCLC 1695062.
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(help) - Sims, Watson (12 May 1974). "The Open Window". The Battle Creek Enquirer. Battle Creek, Michigan. p. 16. Retrieved 4 November 2018 – via Newspapers.com.
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(help) - Sims, Watson (11 May 1969). "Trade-About Likely Again in Leadership of Ceylon". The Lansing State Journal. Lansing, Michigan. Associated Press. p. 57. Retrieved 2 November 2018 – via Newspapers.com.
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(help) - Skard, Torild (2015). Women of Power: Half a Century of Female Presidents and Prime Ministers Worldwide. Bristol, England: Policy Press. ISBN 978-1-4473-1580-3.
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(help) - Spencer, Christina (19 February 1989). "Sri Lankan election exercise in indigenous rule-bending". Ottawa Citizen. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. p. 47. Retrieved 6 November 2018 – via Newspapers.com.
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(help) - Thurai, Truda (6 December 2014). "Sir Oliver Goonetilleke: Life In Exile". The Colombo Telegraph. Colombo, Sri Lanka. Archived from the original on 1 November 2018. Retrieved 1 November 2018.
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(help) - Wilson, A. Jeyaratnam (2000). Sri Lankan Tamil Nationalism: Its Origins and Development in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries. Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada: University of British Columbia Press. ISBN 978-0-7748-0759-3.
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(help) - Woolacott, Martin (2 September 1976). "Turn of the tide for Mrs. Bandaranaike". The Guardian. London, England. p. 4. Retrieved 4 November 2018 – via Newspapers.com.
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وصلات خارجية
مناصب سياسية | ||
---|---|---|
سبقه ددلي سنانايكه |
رئيس وزراء سيلان 1960–1965 |
تبعه ددلي سنانايكه |
رئيس وزراء سريلانكا 1970–1977 |
تبعه ج. جايواردنه | |
سبقه چاندريكا كمراتونگا |
رئيس وزراء سريلانكا 1994–2000 |
تبعه رتناسيري وكرمانايكه |
- Short description matches Wikidata
- Articles containing سنهالا-language text
- Articles containing تاميلية-language text
- Articles with hatnote templates targeting a nonexistent page
- CS1 errors: generic name
- وزراء دفاع سريلانكا
- مواليد 1916
- وفيات 2000
- سياسيات القرن 20
- سياسيات القرن 21
- حاكمات القرن 20
- خريجو دير سانت بردجت، كولومبو
- عائلة بندرانايكه
- عائلة بندرانايكه-راتواته
- اشتراكيون ديمقراطيون
- وزيرات دفاع
- وزيرات خارجية
- معارضون دوليون للتفرقة العنصرية في جنوب أفريقيا
- قادة المعارضة (سريلانكا)
- أعضاء برلمان سيلان رقم 6
- أعضاء برلمان سيلان رقم 7
- أعضاء برلمان سريلانكا رقم 8
- أعضاء برلمان سريلانكا رقم 9
- أعضاء برلمان سريلانكا رقم 10
- أعضاء مجلس شيوخ سيلان
- أشخاص من سيلان البريطانية
- عائلة راتواته
- سياسيون سنهاليون
- سياسيو حزب حرية سريلانكا
- بوذيون سريلانكيون
- مشرعات في سريلانكا
- رئيسات وزراء
- دبلوماسيات سريلانكيات
- Sri Lankan social workers