سوپرمارين سپيتفاير

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سوپرمارين سپيتفاير
Ray Flying Legends 2005-1.jpg
Spitfire LF Mk IX, MH434, flown by Ray Hanna in 2005. This aircraft shot down a Fw 190 in 1943 while serving with 222 Squadron RAF.
الدور مقاتلة / طائرة استطلاع
الصانع سوپرمارين
المصمم ر. ج. ميتشيل
أول تحليق 5 مارس 1936[1]
التقديم 4 اغسطس 1938[1]
أحيلت للتقاعد 1961 فيلق الطيران الأيرلندي[2]
المستخدم الرئيسي سلاح الجو الملكي
المنتـَج 1938–1948
العدد المنتج 20,351[3]
ثمن الوحدة
£12,604 (Estonian order for 12 Spitfires in 1939)[nb 1].[4]
تنويعات Supermarine Seafire
Supermarine Spiteful

سوپرمارين سپيتفاير Supermarine Spitfire، هي طائرة حربية بريطانية ذات مقعد واحد استخدمت من قبل القوة الجوية الملكية والعديد من دول التحالف خلال الحرب العالمية الثانية وأيضاً في خمسينات القرن الماضي. تم إنتاج عدد كبير منها يفوق جميع أنواع الطائرات الحربية أثناء الحرب. صمم هذه الطائرة ر. ج. ميتشيل، وهو المصمم الرئيسي في شركة سوپرمارين لأعمال الطيران، والتي أصبحت فرعاً من فيكرز آرم سترونجس. واصل العمل على تصميم الطائرة حتى وفاته بسبب السرطان في عام 1937. بعدها أصبح زميله جوزيڤ سميث المصمم الرئيسي.

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التصميم والتطوير

The unpainted Spitfire prototype K5054 at Eastleigh airfield, just before the first flight. The angled rudder mass balance, fixed, unfaired main undercarriage and tailskid can be seen. This airframe was written off after a landing accident at the Royal Aircraft Establishment (R.A.E.) at Farnborough on 4 September 1939.[5]


هيكل الطائرة

Spitfire Mk IIa P7350 of the BBMF is the only existing airworthy Spitfire that fought in the Battle of Britain.

تصميم الجناح بيضاوي الشكل

The elliptical planform of a Spitfire PR.Mk.XIX is seen at a British air show in 2008.
Spitfire HF Mk VII. The shape of the ellipse was altered by the extended "pointed" wing tips used by the high altitude Mk VI and VIIs, and some early Mk VIIIs.

تحسين تصاميم الجناح

الكربوراتور مقابل ضخ الوقود

التسلح

الإنتاج

قلعة بروميتش

Spitfire Mk IIA, P7666, EB-Z, "Observer Corps", was built by Castle Bromwich, and delivered to 41 Squadron on 23 November 1940.[nb 2]

مشكلات الإنتاج

This Spitfire PR Mk XI (PL965) was built at RAF Aldermaston in southern England

اختبار الطيران

تاريخ التشغيل

K9795, the 9th production Mk I, with 19 Squadron in 1938.
المقالة الرئيسية: Supermarine Spitfire operational history

سرعة وسجلات الإرتفاع

The Spitfire Mk XI flown by Sqn. Ldr. Martindale, seen here after its flight on 27 April 1944 during which it was damaged achieving a true airspeed of 606 mph (975 km/h).


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المتغيرات

Pilots of 611 West Lancashire Squadron lend a hand pushing an early Spitfire Mark IXb, Biggin Hill, late 1942. (RAF Official)
المقالة الرئيسية: Supermarine Spitfire (early Merlin powered variants); Supermarine Spitfire (late Merlin powered variants); Supermarine Spitfire (Griffon powered variants); and Supermarine Spitfire variants: specifications, performance and armament

Seafire

متغيرات محركات-گريفون

The first Griffon-powered Spitfire, DP845, flown by Jeffrey Quill, 1942
المقالة الرئيسية: Supermarine Spitfire (Griffon powered variants)
Supermarine Spitfire LF Mk XIIs of 41 Squadron in April 1944.

المشغلون

انظر أيضاً: List of Supermarine Spitfire operators
Spitfires Mk Vc (Trop) of 352 (Yugoslav) Squadron RAF (Balkan Air Force) before first mission on 18 August 1944, from Canne airfield, إيطاليا.
هذه القائمة غير مكتملة؛ بإمكانك المساعدة بتنميتها.


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الناجون

Spitfire XVIe NH749 of the Commemorative Air Force, based at Camarillo airport, Southern California, seen with period-dressed crew members in 2011.
المقالة الرئيسية: List of Supermarine Spitfire survivors

التذكارات

النسخ

وسائل الاعلام

المواصفات

Replica Mk VB on display in 2009

البيانات من The Great Book of Fighters[7] and Jane’s Fighting Aircraft of World War II[8]

السمات العامة

الأداء

التسليح

  • المدافع:
  • القنابل: 2 × 250 lb (113 kg) bombs

انظر أيضاً

تطورات ذات صلة

طائرات شبيهة

قوائم ذات صلة

المصادر

الهوامش

  1. ^ Unit cost for airframe complete with engine, armament and equipment.[4]
  2. ^ The pilot standing in front of the aircraft is pre-War Olympic hurdler, Sqn. Ldr. Donald O. Finlay, the Commanding Officer of 41 Squadron from September 1940–August 1941, who adopted the aircraft as his personal mount. The same day P7666 was delivered to the Squadron, 23 November 1940, Finlay destroyed a Bf 109 on his first operational sortie in the aircraft.

استشهادات

  1. ^ أ ب خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة Ethell p.12
  2. ^ "Ireland Air Force." aeroflight.co. Retrieved: 27 September 2009.
  3. ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة Ethell p.117
  4. ^ أ ب خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة Price p.67
  5. ^ Price 2006, p. 53.
  6. ^ List of Spitfire I and II aircraft used by Polish Air Force squadrons (PDF file)
  7. ^ Green and Swanborough 2001[صفحة مطلوبة]
  8. ^ Jane 1946, pp. 139–141.

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