سلاح الجو الپاكستاني
سلاح الجو الپاكستاني (أردو: پاک فضائیہ, Pak Faza'ya) ، هو فرع من القوات المسلحة الپاكستانية وهو المسئول عن الدفاع عن الفضاء الجوي الپاكستاني ضد أي تدخلات. ويقوم أيضا بالإمداد الجوي للقوات الأرضية. ويحتفل في 6 سبتمبر من كل عام بعيد سلاج الجو الپاكستاني في پاكستان. وفي هذا اليوم تقوم القوات الجوية بعمل عروض لوحداتها ودورها في الدفاع عن البلاد.
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التاريخ
النشأة (1947 - 1951)
عصر النفاثات (1951 - 1961)
الحرب الهندية الپاكستانية 1965
الحرب الهندية الپاكستانية 1971
حرب يوم خيبر
الحرب السوفيتية الپاكستانية
الجيل الجديد (1983 - 1989)
وقت الحظر (1991 - 2001)
Kargil war
عصر مكافحة الإرهاب
الهيكل
المقر الرئيسي
القيادات
- Northern Air Command (NAC), Peshawar
- Central Air Command (CAC), Sargodha
- Southern Air Command (SAC), Karachi
- Air Defence Command (ADC), Rawalpindi
- Air Force Strategic Command (AFSC), Islamabad
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Training Establishments
- Pakistan Air Force Academy, Risalpur
- Combat Commanders' School (CCS), Sargodha
- PAF Airpower Centre of Excellence (PAF ACE), Sargodha
- PAF Air War College, Karachi
Weapons Production Establishments
- Pakistan Aeronautical Complex (PAC), Kamra
- Air Weapons Complex (AWC), Kamra
القواعد
The PAF has 22 airbases of which 14 are flying bases and 8 are non-flying bases. Flying bases are operational bases from which aircraft operate during both peacetime and wartime; whereas non-flying bases conduct either training, administration, maintenance, air defence operations, or mission support.[8]
Flying bases
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Non-flying bases
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الأسراب
هيكل الرتب
- Structure of commissioned officer ranks:
Equivalent NATO Code |
OF-10 | OF-9 | OF-8 | OF-7 | OF-6 | OF-5 | OF-4 | OF-3 | OF-2 | OF-1 | OF(D) and student officer | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Abbreviation | MAF | ACM | AM | AVM | Air Cdre | Gp Capt | Wg Cdr | Sqn Ldr | Ft Lt | F Off | P Off | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pay grade | O-11 | O-10 | O-9 | O-8 | O-7 | O-6 | O-5 | O-4 | O-3 | O-2 | O-1 |
- Structure of enlisted ranks:
Equivalent NATO Code |
OR-9 | OR-8 | OR-7 | OR-6 | OR-5 | OR-4 | OR-3 | OR-2 | OR-1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Abbreviation | CWO | WO | AWO | Snr Tech | – | Cpl Tech | Jnr Tech | SAC | LAC | AC | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pay grade | OR-9 | OR-8 | OR-7 | OR-6 | – | OR-4 | OR-3 | OR-2 | OR-2 | OR-1 |
- Civilian occupations
- Gazetted Officer
- Steganographer
- Stenotypist
- Warehouse and Factory Personnel
- Clerk
Special forces
The Pakistan Air Force's Special Services Wing (SSW) is the branch's elite special operations fighting force. Originally coming into existence following the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965, the SSW is heavily modelled off of the United States Air Force's Special Tactics Squadrons with some elements inspired by the United States Army Rangers. The unit remained active but saw little prioritization by the Pakistani military until after the Kargil War. In late 1999, the SSW was largely revived and restructured for active service and is currently fielding around 1,200 troops.[بحاجة لمصدر]
Women in the Pakistan Air Force
No nation can ever be worthy of its existence that cannot take its women along with the men. No struggle can ever succeed without women participating side by side with men. There are two powers in the world; one is the sword and the other is the pen. There is a great competition and rivalry between the two. There is a third power stronger than both, that of the women.[9]
— Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, c. 1947–1948
In its early history, women had been employed by Pakistan's armed forces—albeit in non-combat roles only. It was commonplace to find women serving in service branches such as the medical corps (as nurses or in other similar disciplines).[10] Aside from these exceptions, the Pakistan Air Force (PAF) had remained strictly all-male throughout its history, and women (as well as male youths under the age of 18) were prohibited from being deployed for combat, despite Muhammad Ali Jinnah's contradictory views on the subject upon Pakistan's independence.[11] However, since 2003, women have been allowed to enrol in the aerospace engineering program and others at the PAF Academy in Risalpur—including fighter pilot training programmes.[10][12] It has been stated that physical and academic standards are not compromised or exploited to favour women, and those who do not achieve the same performance as their male counterparts are immediately dropped from the course, however the level of enforcement of this rule is unknown. Within the structure of the PAF, a level of segregation between the genders is maintained in line with traditional views. For example, early-morning parades are performed together but some parts of training—mainly physical exercises—are done with males and females separated. According to Squadron Leader Shazia Ahmed, the officer in charge of the first female cadets in the PAF and a psychologist, this seems to improve the confidence levels of women.[13]
In 2005, it was reported that two batches in the PAF Academy's flying wing contained at least ten women, with many more in the engineering and aerospace wings. One such woman—Cadet Saba Khan from Quetta, Balochistan—applied after reading a newspaper advertisement stating that the PAF was seeking female cadets. She was one of the first four women to pass the first stages of flying training on propeller-driven light aircraft and move onto faster jet-powered training aircraft.[13]
In March 2006, the PAF officially inducted a batch of 34 fighter pilots which included the organization's first four female fighter pilots. Three years of training had been completed by the pilots at PAF Academy - Risalpur before they graduated and were awarded their Flying Badges during the ceremony. Certificates of honour were handed to the successful cadets by General Ahsan Saleem Hayat, then the vice-chief of the Pakistan Army, who acknowledged that the PAF was the first branch of the Pakistani military to introduce women to its combat units. One of the women, Flying Officer Nadia Gul, was awarded a trophy for best academic achievement. The other female graduates were Mariam Khalil, Saira Batool and the above-mentioned Cadet Saba Khan.[10] A second batch of pilots, including three female pilots, graduated from the 117th GD(P) course at PAF Academy - Risalpur in September 2006. The Sword of Honour for best all-round performance was awarded to Aviation Cadet Saira Amin, the first female pilot to win the award. Aviation Cadet Saira Amin also had won the Asghar Hussain Trophy for best performance in academics.[14]
A news report on the PAF's first operationally qualified female fighter pilots. | |
An interview with Ambreen Gul. (Urdu) |
In September 2009, it was reported that seven women had qualified as operational fighter pilots on the Chengdu F-7, the first female combat pilots to do so in the PAF's history. Commanding Officer Tanvir Piracha emphasized that if the female pilots "are not good enough as per their male counterparts, we don't let them fly." It was noted that some of the female pilots wear the hijab while others do not, as it is an optional exception to uniform standards should the woman wish to don one.[15]
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الأقليات الدينية في سلاح الجو الپاكستاني
Since its inception, religious minorities have been free to pursue careers within the Pakistan Armed Forces, with the exception of Hindus until 2001. Following its involvement in the global U.S.-led War on Terror, Pakistan released the Hindu minority in the country from the discriminatory law and granted them the same freedoms that were already present for their Christian, Sikh and other various counterparts.[16] Some notable religious minority figures in the Pakistan Air Force include: Air Vice Marshal Eric Gordon Hall, a Christian who served as the Base Commander of Chaklala Air Base during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965. Air Commodore Nazir Latif and Group Captain Cecil Chaudhry (both Christians) fought in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 and later helped establish the Combat Commanders School (CCS). Wing Commander Melvin Leslie Middlecoat was the Commanding Officer of No. 9 Squadron during the 1965 war, he and Squadron Leader Peter Christy fought and were KIA in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971. Patrick Desmond Callaghan was another Christian officer who rose to the rank of Air Vice Marshal.[17] Wing Commander Ronald Felix has been a notable Christian pilot known for being the first to fly the jointly-built Chinese and Pakistani JF-17 Thunder fighter jet since 2010 and was one of two PAF pilots flying the JF-17 at the 2011 Izmir Air Show in Turkey.
In 2020, the Pakistan Air Force recruited Rahul Dev, a Hindu from Tharparkar, Sindh in a major breakthrough for the Hindu minority from this remote distant area of Sindh .[16][18][19] He was commissioned as a general duty pilot officer on 6 May 2020.[20]
القوات الخاصة
القواعد
يوجد عشر قواعد لسلاح الجو الپاكستاني:
- PAF Mushaf (Sargodha)
- PAF Masroor (Karachi)
- PAF Rafiqui (Shorkot)
- PAF Peshawar (Peshawar)
- PAF Samungli (Quetta)
- PAF Mianwali (Mianwali)
- PAF Minhas (Kamra)
- PAF Chaklala (Rawalpindi)
- PAF Faisal (Karachi)
- PAF Risalpur (Risalpur)
- Multan Airport (Multan)
الأسطول
Current Aircraft | ||||
Aircraft | Inducted | Attrition | Current | Role |
---|---|---|---|---|
/ Chengdu JF-17 Thunder | 10 | 0 | 10 | Multi-Role (240 more planned) |
Chengdu J-10B Vigorous Dragon | 0 | 0 | 0 | Multi-Role J-10B 36 to be delivered in 2009 under the designation "FC-20" |
General Dynamics F-16A Block-15 Fighting Falcon | 38 | 6 | 28 | Multi-Role |
General Dynamics F-16B Block-15 Fighting Falcon | 24 | 2 | 16 | Training & Multi-Role |
General Dynamics F-16 C/D Block 52+ Fighting Falcon | 0 | 0 | 0 | Multi-Role 18 ordered(Deliveries in 2010) + 18 options [21] |
Chengdu F-7PG Skybolt | 48 | 2 | 46 | Interceptor [22] |
Chengdu F-7MP Skybolt | 120 | 30 | 90 | Interceptor & Ground-Support [23] |
Chengdu FT-7P Skybolt | 15 | 0 | 15 | Training[22] |
Chengdu FT-7PG Skybolt | 9 | 0 | 9 | Training[22] |
Dassault Mirage ROSE-I (Mirage-IIIO) (Refurbished: Ex-Australian)[24] | 32 | 4 | 28 | Interceptor |
Dassault Mirage ROSE-I (Mirage-IIIDP)[24] | 5 | 1 | 4 | Training & Interceptor |
Dassault Mirage ROSE-II (Mirage-VEF) (Refurbished: Ex-French)[25] | 19 | 3 | 16 | Strike & Ground-Support |
Dassault Mirage ROSE-II (Mirage-VDF) (Refurbished: Ex-French)[25] | 6 | 0 | 6 | Training & Strike & Ground-Support |
Dassault Mirage ROSE-III (Mirage-VEF) (Refurbished: Ex-French)[26] | 14 | 0 | 14 | Precision Strike |
Dassault Mirage-IIIEP | 18 | 6 | 12 | Interceptor & Ground-Support |
Dassault Mirage-IIIEL (Refurbished: Ex-Lebanese) | 10+1DP | 0 | 11 | Interceptor & Ground-Support |
Dassault Mirage-IIIDA (Refurbished: Ex-Australian) | 7 | 0 | 7 | Training |
Dassault Mirage-IIIRP | 13 | 3 | 10 | Reconnaissance |
Dassault Mirage-VPA3 | 12 | 3 | 9 | Naval Support |
Dassault Mirage-VPA2 | 18 | 3 | 15 | Ground Support |
Dassault Mirage-VPA | 28 | 2 | 26 | Ground Support |
Dassault Mirage-VDPA2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | Training |
Dassault Mirage-V (Refurbished: Ex-Libyan) | 10 | 0 | 10 | Interceptor & Ground-Support |
Nanchang Q-5/A-5C Fantan | 52 | 12 | 40 | Ground-Support & Tactical Strike (Currently being phased out). |
Shenyang J-5 Fresco | 20 | 0 | 20 | Fighter Conversion (Advanced Jet Training) |
Karakoram K-8 | 24 | 0 | 24 | Basic & Intermediate Jet Training |
Cessna 172 | 50 | ?? | ?? | |
Ilyushin Il-78 | 2 | 0 | 2 | Air Borne Aerial Refueling |
Super Mushak MFI-395 | 20 | 0 | 20 | Primary Training |
Mushak MFI-17 | 80 | 0 | 80 | Primary Training |
Dassault Falcon 20 | 2 | 0 | 2 | ELINT/ECM |
Lockheed Martin C-130B/E | 18 | 6 | 12 | Medium-Lift Transport |
Antonov An-26 'Curl' | 1 | 0 | 1 | Medium-Lift Transport |
/ CN-235 | 4 | 0 | 4 | V.I.P & Light-Lift Transport |
HAMC Y-12(II) | 1 | 0 | 1 | Light-Lift Transport |
Boeing 707 | 3 | 0 | 3 | VIP Transport(expected to be retired by end of 2008-no longer used for VIP role) |
Fokker F-27 200 | 2 | 1 | 1 | Light Transport |
Dassault Falcon 20 | 11 | 0 | 1 | VIP Transport |
KJ2000 | 5 | 0 | 5 | Airborne Warning and Control System |
Beechcraft Super King Air | 1 | 0 | 1 | Light Transport |
Lockheed L-100 | 1 | 0 | 1 | Tactical Transport |
Airbus A310 | 1 | 0 | 1 | VIP Transport |
Saab 2000 | 5(order)[27] | 0 | 1[28] | Airborne Early Warning |
Baaz[29] | ?? | ?? | ?? | Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) |
Ababeel[29] | ?? | ?? | ?? | Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) |
Uqaab[29] | ?? | ?? | ?? | Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) |
الصيانة
المستقبل
الطائرة | الرقم | الاستنزاف | حاليا | الدور |
---|---|---|---|---|
Chengdu FC-20 | 36 | 0 | 36 | Advance Multirole & Air Superiority |
Lockheed Martin F-16 C/D | 18 | 0 | 18 | Advance Multi-Role |
Lockheed Martin F-16AM/BM | 60 | 0 | 60 | Multi-Role (44 Present) |
Dassault Mirage Rose Upgrade | 60 | 0 | 60 | Multi-Role (60 Present) |
PAC JF-17 Thunder | 250 | 0 | 250 | Multi-Role (8 Present) |
Chengdu F-7PG/T Skybolt-G | 50 | 0 | 55 | Interceptor ((55 Present) |
Saab Erieye 2000 AEW | 5 | 0 | 5 | Airborne Early Warning (1 Present) |
/ Harbin ZDK-03 AEW&C | 5 | 0 | 5 | Air Borne Early Warning |
Ilyushin IL-78 Airborne Refueling Aircraft | 4 | 0 | 4 | Airborne Aerial Refueling Tanker (2 Present) |
Lockheed Martin C-130B/E | 30 | 6 | 24 | Medium-Lift Transport (24 Present) |
CN-235 | 4 | 0 | 4 | Light-Lift Transport (4 Present) |
Karakouram K-8 | 60 | 0 | 60 | Intermediate Jet Trainer (40 Present) |
انظر أيضا
- القواعد الجوية لسلاح الجو الپاكستاني
- Pakistan Aeronautical Complex
- متحف سلاح الجو الپاكستاني, كراتشي
- الميراج في سلاح الجو الپاكستاني
- List of F-104 Starfighter operators
ملاحظات
- ^ Barvarz, Fartash (2012). Islamic Atomic Bomb (google books) (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية) (1st ed.). Bloomington, Indiana, U.S.: AuthorHouse. p. 116. ISBN 9781426923661. Retrieved 10 February 2019.
- ^ أ ب Iqbal, Saghir (2018). "(§Air Force)". Pakistan's War Machine (Google books (Paperback)) (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية) (1st ed.). New York, U.S.: CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. p. 366. ISBN 9781986169424. Retrieved 10 February 2019.
- ^ "Air Force Civilians". paf.gov.pk. ISPR Air Force. Archived from the original on 8 July 2018. Retrieved 12 February 2019.
- ^ "Pakistan Air Force - A Symbol of Pride for the Nation." Pakistan Air Force, 17 May 2020, Retrieved: 17 May 2020.
- ^ File:Pakistan Air Force Official Logo White Background.jpg
- ^ "A Hostile Middle East". 7 December 2020.
- ^ "Saudi-Pak relations are unique".
- ^ "PAF Active Bases" Archived 26 يونيو 2010 at the Wayback Machine PAF Official Website. Retrieved 28 February 2010
- ^ http://www.parc.gov.pk/index.php/en/quotes-of-quaid-e-azam "Quotes of Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah"
- ^ أ ب ت Abbas, Zaffar (30 March 2006). "Pakistan gets women combat pilots". BBC News. Archived from the original on 27 February 2009. Retrieved 21 May 2011.
- ^ "Quotes of Quaid-e-Azam". www.parc.gov.pk. Retrieved 16 May 2020.
- ^ Ghori, Umaima. "The Sword, The Pen and The Women in Pakistan's Counter-Terrorism Efforts". NAOC (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). Retrieved 16 May 2020.
- ^ أ ب Abbas, Zaffar (11 May 2005). "Pakistan's first women fighter pilots". BBC News. Islamabad. Archived from the original on 2 September 2007. Retrieved 21 May 2011.
- ^ "Woman aviation cadet makes PAF hiory". Daily Times. Islamabad. 23 September 2006. Archived from the original on 7 June 2011. Retrieved 21 May 2011.
- ^ "Pakistan's female fighter pilots break down barriers – CNN". CNN. 14 September 2009. Archived from the original on 13 February 2010. Retrieved 20 May 2010.
- ^ أ ب "The White of the Flag: Contributions of Non-Muslims for National Defense of Pakistan". Centre for Strategic and Contemporary Research (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). 6 September 2017. Retrieved 14 May 2020.
- ^ "The News International: Latest News Breaking, Pakistan News". The News International. Archived from the original on 18 October 2015. Retrieved 30 March 2016.
- ^ "Know All About Rahul Dev, First Hindu Pilot Appointed In Pakistan Air Force". ABP News. 5 May 2020. Retrieved 17 September 2020.
- ^ "Rahul Dev: The first Hindu youth to join Pakistan Air Force". Devan Herald. 6 May 2020. Retrieved 16 September 2020.
- ^ "In a first, minority Hindu young man selected to become GD pilot in PAF". The Express Tribune. 6 May 2020. Archived from the original on 19 August 2020. Retrieved 16 September 2020.
- ^ Northrop Grumman to Provide Pakistan Air Force with F-16 Fire Control Radar Systems
- ^ أ ب ت Aircraft Inventory
- ^ Pakistan News PakTribune.Com
- ^ أ ب ROSE-I: Retrofit Of Strike Element (ROSE) is actually the major (Avionics + Radar) upgrade that the PAF Mirage fleet under went during the 90s. ROSE-I includes upgraded cockpit instrumentation, Grifo-M Radar and weapons system reconfiguration. (BVR-able).
- ^ أ ب ROSE-II: This included the Sagem implemented MAESTRO Nav/Attack System. (Strike).
- ^ ROSE-III: This included the Sagem MAESTRO Nav/Attack and FLIR. (Precision Strike).
- ^ PAF inducts SAAB system into fleet -DAWN - National; April 04, 2008
- ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم
<ref>
غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماةautogenerated2
- ^ أ ب ت Both UAVs are manufactured at Pakistan Aeronautical Complex in Kamra, Pakistan.
المصادر
- PAF Falcons - Today In History
- PakDef Site & Online Forum
- History of PAF
- Pak Tribune on PAF's history (story 01)
- Pak Tribune on PAF's history (story 02)
- Strategy Center
- Air Weapons Complex
- PAF s' Squadron
- Pakistan Aeronautical Complex (PAC) at Kamra
- Pakistani Defense Industry - Export Prospects
- PAF Enthusiast Website
- Deterrence of Pakistan Air Force
- PAF Fleet Upgrades & Strength
- Mirage Fleet Acquisition History
- Mirage-IIIRP attrition
- F-16 Attrition history
- PAF s' Chief of the Air Staffs
- F-7 Fleet Serial# and Strength
- PAF Fleet Strength: Without Attrition Adjustments
- PAF Attrition History
- PAF Attrition - Queryable Database
- Number of Tempest II flights that were divided amongst India & Pak.
وصلات خارجية
| سلاح الجو الپاكستاني
]].- Pakistan Air Force Official Website
- Inter Services Public Relations
- PAF Falcons website PAF Falcons Website
- PAF Falcons News Section Air Force News Section
- Pakistan Air Force Air Combat Website
- Pakistan Air Force Overview courtesy of Scramble
- Information on the Pakistan Air Force by GlobalSecurity.org
- 3D images of major Pakistan Airfields
- Pakistan Tribune Article on PAF Fighter Planes: Mirage III/V
- Memoirs of a Pakistan Air Force pioneer - 'A Lucky Pilot'
- Shahpar - A 31 part Pakistani television seriel based on the daily life in the PAF
- Pakistan Fiza'ya - Pakistan Air Force (PakAF)
- Integrated Dynamics Systems,Pakistan
- Pakistan's Medals
- CS1 الإنجليزية الأمريكية-language sources (en-us)
- Short description is different from Wikidata
- صفحات بالمعرفة فيها قوالب حماية خاطئة
- صفحات شبه محمية للأبد في المعرفة
- Articles containing أردو-language text
- Pages using Lang-xx templates
- Articles containing فارسية-language text
- Articles with hatnote templates targeting a nonexistent page
- Articles with unsourced statements from May 2020
- سلاح الجو الباكستاني
- وحدات عسكرية وتشكيلات تأسست في 1947