تشانغ شو

Coordinates: 31°39′22″N 120°45′11″E / 31.656°N 120.753°E / 31.656; 120.753
يجب ألا يـُخلـَط بينها وبين Changsha.
Changshu
常熟市
County-level city
Residential area in Changshu
Residential area in Changshu
Changshu is located in جيانگ‌سو
Changshu
Changshu
Location in Jiangsu
الإحداثيات (Changshu government): 31°39′22″N 120°45′11″E / 31.656°N 120.753°E / 31.656; 120.753
CountryPeople's Republic of China
ProvinceJiangsu
Prefecture-level citySuzhou
الحكومة
 • CPC Changshu Committee SecretaryWang Xiang
المساحة
[1]
 • الإجمالي1٬264 كم² (488 ميل²)
التعداد
 (2018)
 • الإجمالي1٬515٬900
 • الكثافة1٬200/km2 (3٬100/sq mi)
منطقة التوقيتUTC+8 (China Standard)
Postal code
215500
مفتاح الهاتف0512
الموقع الإلكترونيchangshu.gov.cn

چانگ‌شو ( Changshu ؛صينية: 常熟؛ پن‌ين: Chángshú؛ ويد–جايلز: Ch'ang-shu'؛ حرفياً: 'evergrow'�; Suzhounese: /d͡ʐan¹³ ʐoʔ²³/)[2] is a county-level city under the jurisdiction of Suzhou, Jiangsu province, and is part of the Yangtze River Delta. It borders the prefecture-level city of Nantong to the northeast across the Yangtze River. Due to the mild climate and terrain there, it has enjoyed a high level of agricultural civilization since ancient times, and is named after this, for the first character of its name (常) means "always, often", while the second (熟) means "ripe". The name of the adjacent county-level city of Taicang means "great granary".

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التاريخ

Changshu first became an independent county in 540 AD, but in 581 was made subordinate to Suzhou. It was promoted to seat of a full prefecture in 1295, was rebuilt and fortified in the 14th century, but in 1370 was reduced again to the level of a county. In the 15th and 16th centuries Changshu was several times attacked by Japanese pirates.

Changshu has traditionally been a market town for locally produced rice, corn, wheat, tea, and mulberry leaves, and since the 13th century has been a major cotton-producing district. Although administratively still a subordinate city to Suzhou, it is a provincial base of foreign trade. Currently a harbour is being developed on the Yangtze River near Changshu to service Suzhou and Wuxi.


الاقتصاد

The city's major industries include textiles, paper-making, fine chemicals, machinery, steel and forestry products. The city has more than 4,000 textile and apparel companies with combined annual sales of RMB50 billion. The paper-making industry has attracted more the US$15 billion of FDI. By the end of 2007, this industry exceeded 2.4 million tons.[3]

More than 2,000 foreign enterprises have invested in Changshu including big names such as Sharp and Dunlop. Of the contracted investment at least one-third has come from Taiwan – more than 500 Taiwan enterprises have invested more than US$100 million in the city.[بحاجة لمصدر] UPM-Kymmene from Finland has been running a paper mill in the city since 1999 and now has an annual capacity of 200,000 tons of coated and 600,000 tons of uncoated fine paper.[بحاجة لمصدر]

Administrative divisions

Changshu is divided into 2 subdistricts and 9 towns.[4]

2 Subdistricts

9 Towns

Discontinued/Merged towns

Climate

Climate data for Changshu (1981−2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 21.5
(70.7) 		26.2
(79.2) 		28.3
(82.9) 		33.1
(91.6) 		35.6
(96.1) 		37.3
(99.1) 		39.1
(102.4) 		38.9
(102.0) 		36.5
(97.7) 		32.6
(90.7) 		27.2
(81.0) 		22.0
(71.6) 		39.1
(102.4)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 7.6
(45.7) 		9.4
(48.9) 		13.6
(56.5) 		19.6
(67.3) 		25.3
(77.5) 		28.3
(82.9) 		32.0
(89.6) 		31.6
(88.9) 		27.7
(81.9) 		22.8
(73.0) 		16.7
(62.1) 		10.4
(50.7) 		20.4
(68.8)
Daily mean °C (°F) 3.6
(38.5) 		5.4
(41.7) 		9.2
(48.6) 		14.9
(58.8) 		20.4
(68.7) 		24.3
(75.7) 		28.2
(82.8) 		27.8
(82.0) 		23.8
(74.8) 		18.5
(65.3) 		12.4
(54.3) 		6.1
(43.0) 		16.2
(61.2)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 0.7
(33.3) 		2.3
(36.1) 		5.8
(42.4) 		11.1
(52.0) 		16.5
(61.7) 		21.0
(69.8) 		25.2
(77.4) 		24.9
(76.8) 		20.7
(69.3) 		14.9
(58.8) 		8.8
(47.8) 		2.8
(37.0) 		12.9
(55.2)
Record low °C (°F) −8.6
(16.5) 		−7.1
(19.2) 		−3.7
(25.3) 		0.6
(33.1) 		8.6
(47.5) 		13.3
(55.9) 		18.8
(65.8) 		17.4
(63.3) 		12.1
(53.8) 		3.8
(38.8) 		−2.1
(28.2) 		−9.1
(15.6) 		−9.1
(15.6)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 59.1
(2.33) 		56.5
(2.22) 		88.8
(3.50) 		77.0
(3.03) 		87.7
(3.45) 		187.2
(7.37) 		188.4
(7.42) 		146.1
(5.75) 		94.7
(3.73) 		59.2
(2.33) 		55.5
(2.19) 		35.3
(1.39) 		1٬135٫5
(44.71)
Average relative humidity (%) 75 76 75 75 75 80 81 82 80 76 75 73 77
Source: China Meteorological Data Service Center[5]


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البنية التحتية

The China National Highway 204 Yantai-Nantong-Changshu-Shanghai, Sujiahang Expressway and Suzhou-Jiaxing-Hangzhou all pass through Changshu. Changshu has one Yangtze River crossing, the Sutong Yangtze River Bridge, one of the longest cable-stayed bridges in the world.[6]

Education facilities

College and universities

High schools

Tourism

Gardens and parks

Hills

Archaeological sites

Religion

Local people generally believe in Buddhism, Taoism, Protestantism and Catholicism. Changshu Christian Church is a Protestant church in the city.

Transportation

Notable people

  • Huang Gongwang (1269–1354), one of the Four Masters of the Yüan dynasty
  • Shiwu (1272–1352), a Chan poet and hermit who lived during the Yuan Dynasty
  • Wang Hui (1632–1717), one of the "Four Wangs" representing the orthodox school of painting during the Ming and early Qing dynasties
  • Wu Li (1632–1718), one of the orthodox school of "literati painting" (wenrenhua) in the early Qing dynasty
  • Jiang Tingxi (1669–1732), official painter and grand secretary to the Imperial Court
  • Weng Tonghe (1830–1904), Confucian scholar and imperial tutor of two emperors during the Qing dynasty
  • Wang Ganchang (1907–1998), nuclear physics scientist
  • Zhang Guangdou (1911–2013), hydrologist

See also

References

  1. ^ "Table showing land area and population". Suzhou People's Government. 2003. Archived from the original on 2007-12-02. Retrieved 2007-09-07.
  2. ^ Spelling variants in older written sources might be Chansu (e.g. Encyclopædia Britannica, 1911) or Chanzu (e.g. The New Larned History for Ready Reference, 1922).
  3. ^ China Briefing Business Guide: Changshu Economy
  4. ^ 中国常熟-信息公开 (in Chinese (China)). Changshu People's Government. Retrieved 2015-11-02.
  5. ^ 中国地面气候标准值月值(1981-2010) (in الصينية المبسطة). China Meteorological Data Service Center. Retrieved 24 September 2022.
  6. ^ China Briefing Business Guide: Changshu Infrastructure

External links

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Changshu.

قالب:County-level divisions of Jiangsu

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