بيرا، موزمبيق

بيرا
Beira
Beira Cathedral
Beira Cathedral
بيرا is located in موزمبيق
بيرا
بيرا
بيرا is located in أفريقيا
بيرا
بيرا
الإحداثيات: 19°50′S 34°51′E / 19.833°S 34.850°E / -19.833; 34.850
Country موزمبيق
ProvincesSofala Province
Founded1887
City Status1907
الحكومة
 • MayorDaviz Simango
المساحة
 • الإجمالي633 كم² (244 ميل²)
المنسوب
14 m (46 ft)
التعداد
 (2017 census)
 • الإجمالي533٬825
 • الكثافة840/km2 (2٬200/sq mi)
ClimateAw

Beira is the fourth largest city in Mozambique.[1] It lies in the central region of the country in Sofala Province, where the Pungwe River meets the Indian Ocean. Beira had a population of 397,368 in 1997, which grew to 530,604 in 2019. It holds the regionally significant Port of Beira which acts as a gateway for both the central interior portion of the country as well as the land-locked nations of Zimbabwe, Zambia and Malawi.

Beira was originally developed by the Portuguese Mozambique Company in the 19th century, and directly developed by the Portuguese colonial government from 1947 until Mozambique gained its independence from Portugal in 1975.

In March 2019, 90% of the city was destroyed by Cyclone Idai.[2]

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Geography

Beira is located on the Mozambique Channel, an arm of the Indian Ocean located between Madagascar and Mozambique. The city sits north of the mouth of the convergence of two major rivers of Mozambique: the Buzi River and the Pungwe River. The Buzi crosses 250 kilometres (160 mi) across Manica and Sofala provinces to form a wide estuary. The Pungwe crosses 400 kilometres (250 mi) from the Eastern Highlands of Zimbabwe also through Manica and Sofala provinces to Beira.[1]


التاريخ

الحكم البرتغالي

منظر Rua Conselheiro Ennes، بيرا، حوالي 1905.

The city was established in 1890 by the Portuguese and soon supplanted Sofala as the main port in the Portuguese-administered territory. Originally called Chiveve, after a local river, it was renamed to honor the Portuguese Crown prince Dom Luís Filipe who, in 1907, was the first member of the Portuguese royal family to visit Mozambique. Traditionally the Portuguese Crown prince carried the title of Prince of Beira, a historical province of mainland Portugal.

The Portuguese built the port and a railway to Rhodesia, Portuguese families settled in the newly founded locality and started to develop commercial activities. With the growth of the village, in 1907 the Portuguese Crown elevated Beira to the status of city (cidade). Headquarters of the Companhia de Moçambique (Mozambique Company) from 1891,[3] the city's administration passed from the trading company to the Portuguese government in 1942.

Climate

Beira features a tropical savanna climate (Köppen Aw). Average temperature in January is 28.5 °C (83 °F) and in July (the coldest month) it's 21 °C (70 °F). The rainy season runs roughly from November to April.

Climate data for Beira
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 40.0
(104.0) 		37.8
(100.0) 		37.2
(99.0) 		37.5
(99.5) 		36.8
(98.2) 		33.4
(92.1) 		34.6
(94.3) 		34.7
(94.5) 		39.6
(103.3) 		41.6
(106.9) 		43.0
(109.4) 		41.0
(105.8) 		43.0
(109.4)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 31.4
(88.5) 		31.0
(87.8) 		30.4
(86.7) 		29.4
(84.9) 		27.6
(81.7) 		25.8
(78.4) 		25.2
(77.4) 		26.1
(79.0) 		27.6
(81.7) 		28.9
(84.0) 		30.0
(86.0) 		30.8
(87.4) 		28.7
(83.7)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 23.8
(74.8) 		23.7
(74.7) 		23.2
(73.8) 		21.3
(70.3) 		18.4
(65.1) 		16.2
(61.2) 		15.7
(60.3) 		16.6
(61.9) 		18.4
(65.1) 		20.3
(68.5) 		21.8
(71.2) 		23.0
(73.4) 		20.2
(68.4)
Record low °C (°F) 18.5
(65.3) 		19.0
(66.2) 		18.5
(65.3) 		15.6
(60.1) 		13.2
(55.8) 		8.3
(46.9) 		8.2
(46.8) 		10.1
(50.2) 		12.0
(53.6) 		13.1
(55.6) 		16.2
(61.2) 		17.0
(62.6) 		8.2
(46.8)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 250.7
(9.87) 		302.3
(11.90) 		274.4
(10.80) 		139.6
(5.50) 		84.6
(3.33) 		48.3
(1.90) 		47.0
(1.85) 		42.4
(1.67) 		24.6
(0.97) 		38.0
(1.50) 		110.3
(4.34) 		231.6
(9.12) 		1٬593٫8
(62.75)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 10.8 12.5 11.7 8.2 7.0 7.2 7.7 5.4 3.4 5.1 7.3 10.2 96.5
Average relative humidity (%) 76 78 77 77 77 76 78 77 76 74 74 76 76
Mean monthly sunshine hours 244.9 226.0 241.8 246.0 254.2 222.0 232.5 254.2 243.0 257.3 228.0 235.6 2٬885٫5
Mean daily sunshine hours 7.9 8.0 7.8 8.2 8.2 7.4 7.5 8.2 8.1 8.3 7.6 7.6 7.9
Source 1: World Meteorological Organization[4]
Source 2: Deutscher Wetterdienst (extremes, humidity and sun)[5]

Demographics

Year (census) Population[6]
1997 397,368
2007 431,583
2019 530,604

Tourism

Beira, Central Mozambique


. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Transportation

Beira, at the mouth of Rio Púnguè, as seen from the International Space Station
Beira Airport

Beira has long been a major trade point for exports coming in and out of Zimbabwe, Malawi, Zambia and other Southern African nations. Because of this, the port of Beira is the second largest in Mozambique.


International relations

Beira has been twinned with Bristol, UK, since 1990 and the Bristol-Beira Link[7] manages a range of projects in education, culture, commerce, and disability.

مقال رئيسي: List of twin towns and sister cities in Mozambique

Twin towns — sister cities

Beira is twinned with:

شخصيات بارزة

انظر أيضاً

المراجع

  1. ^ أ ب "Beira". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. 2015. Retrieved 2015-10-12.
  2. ^ Onishi, Norimitsu. "Large City in Mozambique Nearly Wiped Out as Cyclone Leaves Vast Destruction". New York Times. New York Times. Retrieved 19 March 2019.
  3. ^ Derman & Kaarhus 2013, p. 42.
  4. ^ "World Weather Information Service–Beira". World Meteorological Organization. Retrieved June 18, 2015.
  5. ^ "Klimatafel von Beira / Mosambik" (PDF). Baseline climate means (1961-1990) from stations all over the world (in German). Deutscher Wetterdienst. Retrieved April 19, 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  6. ^ http://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/mozambique-population/cities/. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  7. ^ "Bristol-Beira Link". Bristol-Beira Link. September 28, 2011. Retrieved December 5, 2011.
  8. ^ "Bristol City - Town twinning". Bristol City Council. Archived from the original on June 22, 2009. Retrieved July 17, 2009. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  9. ^ Associação Porto Digital. "C.M. Porto". Cm-porto.pt. Retrieved December 5, 2011.
  10. ^ "Sister Cities" (in English). City of Boston. July 18, 2017. Retrieved July 20, 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

Bibliography

See also: Bibliography of the history of Beira

وصلات خارجية

  • Beira travel guide from Wikivoyage
  • Municipio da Beira an official site of the Municipality of Beira, with news and recent pictures
  • Cidade da Beira a Portuguese language site with some old and new pictures

قالب:Provincial capitals of Mozambique

الكلمات الدالة:
تمّ الاسترجاع من "https://www.marefa.org/w/index.php?title=بيرا،_موزمبيق&oldid=2022625"