پوماك

پوماك
Pomaks
Помаци
Pomaklar
Πομάκοι
	Pomaks in the early 20th century
التعداد الإجمالي
	ح. 1 million
المناطق ذات التواجد المعتبر
تركيا	350,000- 600,000
بلغاريا	67,350 Muslim Bulgarians (2011 census); up to 250,000 incl. of Turkish and of no ethnic identity
شمال مقدونيا	40,000 Muslim Macedonians; up to 100,000 incl. Turkified
اليونان	50,000 in Western Thrace
اللغات
	البلغارية كلغة أم،including different Bulgarian dialects as part of the wider Bulgarian dialect continuum as native language; كلغة ثانية: التركية، اللغة الألبانية، اليونانية.
الديانة
	إسلام سني
الجماعات العرقية ذات الصلة
	بلغار، Macedonians، مسلمون سلاڤ

پوماك (بالبلغارية: Помаци, باليونانية: Πομάκοι, تركية: Pomaklar؛ إنگليزية: Pomaks) هم جماعة سكانية من المسلمين السلاڤ موطنهم في بلغاريا، تركيا، اليونان، جمهورية مقدونيا، ألبانيا وكوسوڤو. ولغتهم الأم هي اللغة البلغارية ^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7] وبعضهم يتحدث بطلاقة التركية والألبانية واليونانية كلغة ثانية.^[8]^[9] هناك جدل حول أصل البوماك،^[10]^[11]ولكنهم يُعتبروا اليوم أحفاد البلغار الأصليين الذين اعتنقوا الإسلام أثناء الحكم العثماني للبلقان.^[12]^[13]^[14]^[15]^[16] ويدعي أعضاء من تلك الجماعة هويات عرقية مختلفة: بلغار،^[17]^[18] پوماك،^[19]^[20]^[21] المسلمون،^[22] أتراك، ألبان وغيرهم.

العلم القومي/العرقي للپوماك.

التاريخ

خريطة عرقية لتركيا الاوروبية من أواخر القرن 19، تبين المناطق التي يتركز فيها الپوماك (باللون البني).

مسجد تهوڤيشتا.

نظريات أخرى عن الأصل

مسجد في Madan in the Rhodopes, a region largely populated by Pomaks

المصادر

^ ^أ ^ب ^ت ^ث ^ج Carl Skutsch (7 November 2013). Encyclopedia of the World's Minorities. Routledge. pp. 974–. ISBN 978-1-135-19388-1.
^ "Türkiye'deki Kürtlerin sayısı!" (in Turkish). 6 June 2008. Retrieved 17 August 2010.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
^ 2011 Bulgarian census, p.29 (in Bulgarian)
^ ^أ ^ب Ethnologue, Languages of Greece.Bulgarian.
^ ^أ ^ب "Ethnologue: Languages of the World Fourteenth Edition.Bulgarian". Archived from the original on 16 يناير 2009. Retrieved 3 ديسمبر 2018.
^ ^أ ^ب Encyclopaedia Britannica, Pomak People.
^ ^أ ^ب Social Construction of Identities: Pomaks in Bulgaria, Ali Eminov, JEMIE 6 (2007) 2 © 2007 by European Centre for Minority Issues
^ [1] THE POMAKS, Report - Greek Helsinki Monitor
^ [2] The World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples
^ Vemund Aarbakke, The Muslim Minority of Greek Thrace, University of Bergen, Bergen, 2000, pp.5 and 12 (pp. 27 and 34 in the pdf file). [3]
^ Olga Demetriou, "Prioritizing 'ethnicities': The uncertainty of Pomak-ness in the urban Greek Rhodoppe, in Ethnic and Racial Studies, Vol. 27, No. 1, January 2004, pp.106-107 (pp. 12-13 in the pdf file). [4]
^ The Balkans, Minorities and States in Conflict (1993), Minority Rights Publication, by Hugh Poulton, p. 111.
^ Richard V. Weekes; Muslim peoples: a world ethnographic survey, Volume 1; 1984; p.612
^ Raju G. C. Thomas; Yugoslavia unraveled: sovereignty, self-determination, intervention; 2003, p.105
^ R. J. Crampton, Bulgaria, 2007, p.8
^ Janusz Bugajski, Ethnic politics in Eastern Europe: a guide to nationality policies, organizations, and parties; 1995, p.237
^ http://www.nsi.bg/Census/StrReligion.htm
^ Muslim identity and the Balkan State; Hugh Poulton, Suha Taji-Farouki; 1997, p. 102
^ Interview With Mr. Damjan Iskrenov* and Mr. Shikir Bujukov* from the Village of Kochan – Pomaks from Chech, Western Rodop Mountains (Pirin Part of Macedonia), R. Of Bulgaria
^ READING ROOM 3: Raw deal for the Pomaks
^ Помаците искат да бъдат признати като етнос
^ Histories and Identities: Nation-state and Minority Discourses. The Case of the Bulgarian Pomaks. Ulf Brunnbauer, University of Graz

وصلات خارجية

http://www.pomak.eu/
http://www.greekhelsinki.gr/english/reports/pomaks.html (related to Greek Pomaks)

الكلمات الدالة:

[pomaks-1] أ ^ب ^ت ^ث ^ج Carl Skutsch (7 November 2013). Encyclopedia of the World's Minorities. Routledge. pp. 974–. ISBN 978-1-135-19388-1.

[Türkiye'deki_Kürtlerin_sayısı!-2] "Türkiye'deki Kürtlerin sayısı!" (in Turkish). 6 June 2008. Retrieved 17 August 2010.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

[nsi2011-3] 2011 Bulgarian census, p.29 (in Bulgarian)

[ethnologue.com-4] أ ^ب Ethnologue, Languages of Greece.Bulgarian.

[ReferenceA-5] أ ^ب "Ethnologue: Languages of the World Fourteenth Edition.Bulgarian". Archived from the original on 16 يناير 2009. Retrieved 3 ديسمبر 2018.

[britannica.com-6] أ ^ب Encyclopaedia Britannica, Pomak People.

[ecmi.de-7] أ ^ب Social Construction of Identities: Pomaks in Bulgaria, Ali Eminov, JEMIE 6 (2007) 2 © 2007 by European Centre for Minority Issues

[8] [1] THE POMAKS, Report - Greek Helsinki Monitor

[9] [2] The World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples

[10] Vemund Aarbakke, The Muslim Minority of Greek Thrace, University of Bergen, Bergen, 2000, pp.5 and 12 (pp. 27 and 34 in the pdf file). [3]

[11] Olga Demetriou, "Prioritizing 'ethnicities': The uncertainty of Pomak-ness in the urban Greek Rhodoppe, in Ethnic and Racial Studies, Vol. 27, No. 1, January 2004, pp.106-107 (pp. 12-13 in the pdf file). [4]

[12] The Balkans, Minorities and States in Conflict (1993), Minority Rights Publication, by Hugh Poulton, p. 111.

[13] Richard V. Weekes; Muslim peoples: a world ethnographic survey, Volume 1; 1984; p.612

[14] Raju G. C. Thomas; Yugoslavia unraveled: sovereignty, self-determination, intervention; 2003, p.105

[15] R. J. Crampton, Bulgaria, 2007, p.8

[16] Janusz Bugajski, Ethnic politics in Eastern Europe: a guide to nationality policies, organizations, and parties; 1995, p.237

[17] ttp://www.nsi.bg/Census/StrReligion.htm

[18] Muslim identity and the Balkan State; Hugh Poulton, Suha Taji-Farouki; 1997, p. 102

[19] Interview With Mr. Damjan Iskrenov* and Mr. Shikir Bujukov* from the Village of Kochan – Pomaks from Chech, Western Rodop Mountains (Pirin Part of Macedonia), R. Of Bulgaria

[20] READING ROOM 3: Raw deal for the Pomaks

[21] Помаците искат да бъдат признати като етнос

[22] Histories and Identities: Nation-state and Minority Discourses. The Case of the Bulgarian Pomaks. Ulf Brunnbauer, University of Graz

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