پوماك

پوماك
Pomaks
Помаци
Pomaklar
Πομάκοι
	Pomaks in the early 20th century
التعداد الإجمالي
	ح. 1 million
المناطق ذات التواجد المعتبر
تركيا	350,000- 600,000
بلغاريا	67,350 Muslim Bulgarians (2011 census); up to 250,000 incl. of Turkish and of no ethnic identity
شمال مقدونيا	40,000 Muslim Macedonians; up to 100,000 incl. Turkified
اليونان	50,000 in Western Thrace
اللغات
	البلغارية كلغة أم،including different Bulgarian dialects as part of the wider Bulgarian dialect continuum as native language; كلغة ثانية: التركية، اللغة الألبانية، اليونانية.
الديانة
	إسلام سني
الجماعات العرقية ذات الصلة
	بلغار، Macedonians، مسلمون سلاڤ

پوماك (بالبلغارية: Помаци, باليونانية: Πομάκοι, تركية: Pomaklar؛ إنگليزية: Pomaks) هم جماعة سكانية من المسلمين السلاڤ موطنهم في بلغاريا، تركيا، اليونان، جمهورية مقدونيا، ألبانيا وكوسوڤو. ولغتهم الأم هي اللغة البلغارية ^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7] وبعضهم يتحدث بطلاقة التركية والألبانية واليونانية كلغة ثانية.^[8]^[9] هناك جدل حول أصل البوماك،^[10]^[11]ولكنهم يُعتبروا اليوم أحفاد البلغار الأصليين الذين اعتنقوا الإسلام أثناء الحكم العثماني للبلقان.^[12]^[13]^[14]^[15]^[16] ويدعي أعضاء من تلك الجماعة هويات عرقية مختلفة: بلغار،^[17]^[18] پوماك،^[19]^[20]^[21] المسلمون،^[22] أتراك، ألبان وغيرهم.

العلم القومي/العرقي للپوماك.

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التاريخ

خريطة عرقية لتركيا الاوروبية من أواخر القرن 19، تبين المناطق التي يتركز فيها الپوماك (باللون البني).

مسجد تهوڤيشتا.

نظريات أخرى عن الأصل

مسجد في Madan in the Rhodopes, a region largely populated by Pomaks

المصادر

^ ^أ ^ب ^ت ^ث ^ج Carl Skutsch (7 November 2013). Encyclopedia of the World's Minorities. Routledge. pp. 974–. ISBN 978-1-135-19388-1.
^ "Türkiye'deki Kürtlerin sayısı!" (in Turkish). 6 June 2008. Retrieved 17 August 2010.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
^ 2011 Bulgarian census, p.29 (in Bulgarian)
^ ^أ ^ب Ethnologue, Languages of Greece.Bulgarian.
^ ^أ ^ب "Ethnologue: Languages of the World Fourteenth Edition.Bulgarian". Archived from the original on 16 يناير 2009. Retrieved 3 ديسمبر 2018.
^ ^أ ^ب Encyclopaedia Britannica, Pomak People.
^ ^أ ^ب Social Construction of Identities: Pomaks in Bulgaria, Ali Eminov, JEMIE 6 (2007) 2 © 2007 by European Centre for Minority Issues
^ [1] THE POMAKS, Report - Greek Helsinki Monitor
^ [2] The World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples
^ Vemund Aarbakke, The Muslim Minority of Greek Thrace, University of Bergen, Bergen, 2000, pp.5 and 12 (pp. 27 and 34 in the pdf file). [3]
^ Olga Demetriou, "Prioritizing 'ethnicities': The uncertainty of Pomak-ness in the urban Greek Rhodoppe, in Ethnic and Racial Studies, Vol. 27, No. 1, January 2004, pp.106-107 (pp. 12-13 in the pdf file). [4]
^ The Balkans, Minorities and States in Conflict (1993), Minority Rights Publication, by Hugh Poulton, p. 111.
^ Richard V. Weekes; Muslim peoples: a world ethnographic survey, Volume 1; 1984; p.612
^ Raju G. C. Thomas; Yugoslavia unraveled: sovereignty, self-determination, intervention; 2003, p.105
^ R. J. Crampton, Bulgaria, 2007, p.8
^ Janusz Bugajski, Ethnic politics in Eastern Europe: a guide to nationality policies, organizations, and parties; 1995, p.237
^ http://www.nsi.bg/Census/StrReligion.htm
^ Muslim identity and the Balkan State; Hugh Poulton, Suha Taji-Farouki; 1997, p. 102
^ Interview With Mr. Damjan Iskrenov* and Mr. Shikir Bujukov* from the Village of Kochan – Pomaks from Chech, Western Rodop Mountains (Pirin Part of Macedonia), R. Of Bulgaria
^ READING ROOM 3: Raw deal for the Pomaks
^ Помаците искат да бъдат признати като етнос
^ Histories and Identities: Nation-state and Minority Discourses. The Case of the Bulgarian Pomaks. Ulf Brunnbauer, University of Graz

وصلات خارجية

http://www.pomak.eu/
http://www.greekhelsinki.gr/english/reports/pomaks.html (related to Greek Pomaks)

الكلمات الدالة:

[pomaks-1] أ ^ب ^ت ^ث ^ج Carl Skutsch (7 November 2013). Encyclopedia of the World's Minorities. Routledge. pp. 974–. ISBN 978-1-135-19388-1.

[Türkiye'deki_Kürtlerin_sayısı!-2] "Türkiye'deki Kürtlerin sayısı!" (in Turkish). 6 June 2008. Retrieved 17 August 2010.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

[nsi2011-3] 2011 Bulgarian census, p.29 (in Bulgarian)

[ethnologue.com-4] أ ^ب Ethnologue, Languages of Greece.Bulgarian.

[ReferenceA-5] أ ^ب "Ethnologue: Languages of the World Fourteenth Edition.Bulgarian". Archived from the original on 16 يناير 2009. Retrieved 3 ديسمبر 2018.

[britannica.com-6] أ ^ب Encyclopaedia Britannica, Pomak People.

[ecmi.de-7] أ ^ب Social Construction of Identities: Pomaks in Bulgaria, Ali Eminov, JEMIE 6 (2007) 2 © 2007 by European Centre for Minority Issues

[8] [1] THE POMAKS, Report - Greek Helsinki Monitor

[9] [2] The World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples

[10] Vemund Aarbakke, The Muslim Minority of Greek Thrace, University of Bergen, Bergen, 2000, pp.5 and 12 (pp. 27 and 34 in the pdf file). [3]

[11] Olga Demetriou, "Prioritizing 'ethnicities': The uncertainty of Pomak-ness in the urban Greek Rhodoppe, in Ethnic and Racial Studies, Vol. 27, No. 1, January 2004, pp.106-107 (pp. 12-13 in the pdf file). [4]

[12] The Balkans, Minorities and States in Conflict (1993), Minority Rights Publication, by Hugh Poulton, p. 111.

[13] Richard V. Weekes; Muslim peoples: a world ethnographic survey, Volume 1; 1984; p.612

[14] Raju G. C. Thomas; Yugoslavia unraveled: sovereignty, self-determination, intervention; 2003, p.105

[15] R. J. Crampton, Bulgaria, 2007, p.8

[16] Janusz Bugajski, Ethnic politics in Eastern Europe: a guide to nationality policies, organizations, and parties; 1995, p.237

[17] ttp://www.nsi.bg/Census/StrReligion.htm

[18] Muslim identity and the Balkan State; Hugh Poulton, Suha Taji-Farouki; 1997, p. 102

[19] Interview With Mr. Damjan Iskrenov* and Mr. Shikir Bujukov* from the Village of Kochan – Pomaks from Chech, Western Rodop Mountains (Pirin Part of Macedonia), R. Of Bulgaria

[20] READING ROOM 3: Raw deal for the Pomaks

[21] Помаците искат да бъдат признати като етнос

[22] Histories and Identities: Nation-state and Minority Discourses. The Case of the Bulgarian Pomaks. Ulf Brunnbauer, University of Graz

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