بذلة فضاء
بذلة فضاء Space suit أو البدلة الفضائية أو الرداء الفضائي هى رداء خاص خاص يرتدية رائد الفضاء لمواجهة ظروف فضائية عديمة الهواء وهى تشبه الى حد ما مركبة فضائية شخصية مجهزة باحتياجات الرائد الفضائي كافة.
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عملها
تقوم البدلة الفضائية بإمداد رائد الفضاء بالهواء اللازم للتنفس وحمايته من حالة الإغماء والغليان وتحتوى على راديو للمكالمة وتحصل على الأوكسجين من خلال أنبوب متصل بالمركبة الفضائية الرئيسية أو من حقيبة يحملها الرائد على ظهره . وفى حالة المكوك الفضائي فإن رواد الفضاء يرتدون البزات الفضائية السابقة كان رواد الفضاء يرتدون البدلات الفضائية خلال فترة الإنطلاق والالتحام أو الهبوط فقط ويخلعونها بقية الأوقات.
التعرض للفضاء بدون البذلة
نظريات التصميم الفضائية
الدعاوى المختلطة
الموديلات الروسية
- SK-1, the space suit of Yuri Gagarin, the first man in space
- Berkut (Беркут = "golden eagle"), the space suit of Alexei Leonov, the cosmonaut who first made a spacewalk
- Krechet (Кречет = "gyrfalcon") suit, designed for the cancelled Soviet manned moon landing
- Yastreb (Ястреб = "hawk") space suit for extra-vehicular activity, based on the Krechet
- Orlan (Орлан = "sea-eagle" or "bald eagle") suits for extra-vehicular activity
- Sokol (Сокол = "falcon") suits worn by Soyuz crew members during lift-off and re-entry
- Strizh (Стриж = "swift (bird)") spacesuit developed for pilots of the Buran space shuttle
SK-1 space suit
Berkut space suit
Krechet space suit
Orlan space suit
Sokol space suit
الموديلات الأمريكية
- In the early 1950s Siegfried Hansen and colleagues at Litton Industries designed and built a working hard-shell suit, which was used inside vacuum chambers and was the predecessor of hard space suits used in NASA missions.[1]
- Navy Mark IV high-altitude/vacuum suit used for Project Mercury
- Gemini spacewalk suits, used for Project Gemini
- Manned Orbiting Laboratory MH-7 space suits
- Apollo/Skylab A7L EVA and moon suits. The A7L Apollo & Skylab spacesuit is the primary pressure suit worn by NASA astronauts for Project Apollo, the three manned Skylab flights, and the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project between 1968 and the termination of the Apollo program in 1975.
- Advance Crew Escape System Pressure Suit used on the Space Shuttle. The Advanced Crew Escape Suit or ACES suit, is a full pressure suit currently worn by all Space Shuttle crews for the ascent and entry portions of flight. The suit is a direct descendant of the U.S. Air Force high-altitude pressure suits worn by SR-71 Blackbird and U-2 spy plane pilots, X-15 and Gemini pilot-astronauts, and the Launch-Entry Suits worn by NASA astronauts starting on the STS-26 flight, the first flight after the Challenger Disaster
- Extravehicular Mobility Unit used on both the Space Shuttle and International Space Station. The EMU is an independent anthropomorphic system that provides environmental protection, mobility, life support, and communications for a Shuttle or ISS crew member to perform extra-vehicular activity (EVA) in earth orbit.
Navy Mark IV vacuum suit
Gemini spacewalk suit
Manned Orbiting Laboratory MH-7 space suit
Apollo/Skylab A7L EVA and moon suit
Advance Crew Escape System Pressure Suit
Extravehicular Mobility Unit
الموديلات الصينية
- Shuguang space suit. First generation EVA space suit developed by China for the 1967 Project 714 manned space program. Weighing about 10 kilograms, of orange colour, made of high-resistance multi-layers polyester fabric. The astronaut could use it inside the cabin and conduct EVA as well. [2][3][4]
- Project 863 space suit. Cancelled project of second generation Chinese EVA space suit. [5]
- Shenzhou 5 space suit. The suit worn by Yang Liwei on Shenzhou 5, the first manned Chinese space flight, closely resembles a Sokol-KV2 suit, but it is believed to be a Chinese-made version rather than an actual Russian suit.
- Shenzhou 6 space suit. Pictures show that the suits worn by Fei Junlong and Nie Haisheng on Shenzhou 6 differ in detail from the earlier suit, they are also reported to be lighter.
- Feitian EVA space suit (飞天号航天服). New generation indigenously developed Chinese-made EVA space suit to be used for the Shenzhou 7 mission. [6] New space suits for the extravehicular activity (舱外航天服) will be used, notably made with intelligent materials ("聪明材").[1]. The suit is designed for a spacewalk mission of up to seven hours.[7] The astronauts had been training in the out-of-capsule space suits since July 2007, and movements are seriously restricted in the suits, with a mass of more than 110 kilograms each.[8]
Shenzhou 5 space suit
أنظر ايضا
- إستكشاف الفضاء
- عصر الفضاء
- مركبة فضائية
- مكوك الفضاء
- Pressure Suit
- Sokol space suit
- Orlan space suit
- Space activity suit ("Bio-Suit")
- Extra-vehicular activity
- Manned maneuvering unit
- Human adaptation to space
- List of spacewalks
- List of Mir spacewalks
- List of ISS spacewalks
- List of spacewalks and moonwalks
- List of cumulative spacewalk records
المصادر
- مؤمن, عبد الأمير (2006). قاموس دار العلم الفلكي. بيروت، لبنان: دار العلم للملايين.
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- ^ "Siegfried Hansen, space suit father; inventor was 90". New York Times. 2002-07-24. Retrieved 2008-02-09.
- ^ "为中华航天史册再添辉煌". 国防科工委新闻宣传中心. November 14, 2005. Retrieved July 22.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|accessdate=(help); Unknown parameter|accessyear=ignored (|access-date=suggested) (help) - ^ "航天服充压实验". 雷霆万钧. September 19, 2005. Retrieved July 24.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|accessdate=(help); Unknown parameter|accessyear=ignored (|access-date=suggested) (help) - ^ "中国最早研制的航天服为桔黄色 重10千克". 雷霆万钧. September 16, 2005. Retrieved July 24.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|accessdate=(help); Unknown parameter|accessyear=ignored (|access-date=suggested) (help) - ^ "舱外航天服液冷服散热特性研究". 北京航空航天大学图书馆. March 1, 2000. Retrieved July 23.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|accessdate=(help); Unknown parameter|accessyear=ignored (|access-date=suggested) (help) - ^ "神七准备中俄产两套航天服 出舱者穿国产航天服". 搜狐. July 22, 2008. Retrieved July 22.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|accessdate=(help); Unknown parameter|accessyear=ignored (|access-date=suggested) (help) - ^ "China's astronaut outfitters design material for spacewalk suits". Xinhua. June 1, 2007. Retrieved June 1.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|accessdate=and|date=(help); Unknown parameter|accessyear=ignored (|access-date=suggested) (help) - ^ "Chinese astronauts begin training for spacewalk". People Daily Online. July 18, 2007. Retrieved August 1.
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وصلات خارجية
مشاع المعرفة فيه ميديا متعلقة بموضوع [[commons: Category:Space suits
| Space suits
]].- A Field Guide to American Spacecraft: A list compiled by Lee Sledge and James H. Gerard of American space suits and the museum locations where they are displayed.
- Astronautix.com complete list of Space Suits
- Russian Space Suits
- Design of Soviet/Russian Space Suits
- NASA JSC Oral History Project: See link near page end to Walking to Olympus: An EVA Chronology PDF document.
- NASDA Online Space Notes
- Apollo Extravehicular mobility unit. Volume 1: System description - 1971 (PDF document)
- Apollo Extravehicular mobility unit. Volume 2: Operational procedures - 1971 (PDF document)
- Skylab Extravehicular Activity Development Report - 1974 (PDF document)
- Analysis of the Space Shuttle Extravehicular Mobility Unit - 1986 (PDF document)
- NASA Space Shuttle EVA tools and equipment reference book - 1993 (PDF document)
- Engineering Aspects of Apollo: Section on the Apollo space suit and portable life support system.