ياقة

وليام شكسبير يرتدي قميص له ياقة منذ القرن السابع عشر.

الياقة هي جزء من أجزاء الملابس العلوية كالقميص أو الثوب أو المعطف التي تحيط بالرقبة. قد تكون الياقة متصلة بقطعة الملابس العلوية أو منفصلة عنها وتوضع كإضافة حول العنق بشكل مشابه لربطة العنق.

في 5 فبراير 1825، الزوجة ربة المنزل هانا لورد مونتاگو (1794-1878) المقيمة في 139 الشارع الثالث، تروي، نيويورك أخذت مقصها وصنعت أول ياقة يمكن فصلها عن أحد قمصان زوجها لكي تقلل كمية الغسيل إلى الياقة فقط. زوجها، اورلاندو مونتاگو، عرض اختراع زوجته على باقي الرجال في البلدة. فاقتنعت باقي الزوجات في البلدة بالاختراع. ولحق بهن التجار، فصنعوا ياقات بكميات تجارية للبيع للعالم الخارجي. فتحولت الأكواخ والسندرة وواجهات المحلات إلى أماكن لصنع الياقات، وانجذب الكثير من الناس للعمل في تلك الصناعة لبساطة متطلباتها: طاولة، مقص، لفة قماش، بالة قطن. وأصبحت تروي، نيويورك "مدينة الياقات" لباقي أمريكا.

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أنماط الياقات

Type	Other names	Information
Ascot collar	stock collar	a very tall standing collar with the points turned up over the chin, to be worn with an Ascot tie.
Albany collar		a standard turndown cutaway collar, worn predominantly in early 20th century.
Band	Grandad collar	a collar with a small standing band, usually buttoned, in the style worn with detachable collars.
Barrymore collar		a turnover shirt collar with long points, as worn by the actor John Barrymore. The style reappeared in the 1970s; particularly during that time it was often known as a "tapered collar", and could accompany fashionable wide ties on dress shirts.
Bertha collar		a wide, flat, round collar, often of lace or sheer fabric, worn with a low neckline in the Victorian era and resurrected in the 1940s.
Buster Brown collar		a wide, flat, round collar, sometimes with a ruffle, usually worn with a floppy bow tie, characteristic of boys' shirts from c. 1880-1920.
Butterfly collar		same as wing collar but with rounded tips.
Button-down collar		a collar with buttonholes on the points to fasten them to the body of the shirt.
Camp collar	convertible collar, notched collar	a one-piece collar that lays flat, part of the shirt also lays flat to create a notch.
Cape collar		a collar fashioned like a cape and hanging over the shoulders.
Chelsea collar		a woman's collar for a low V-neckline, with a stand and long points, popular in the 1960s and 1970s.
Clerical collar		band collar worn as part of clerical clothing
Convertible collar		a collar designed to be worn with the neck button either fastened or unfastened.
Cossack collar		a high standing collar opening to one side and frequently trimmed with embroidery; popular under the influence of the 1965 film Doctor Zhivago.
Detachable collar ملف:Grafton.JPG	false-collar	a collar made as a separate accessory to be worn with a band-collared shirt (currently worn styles are turndown, tab, and dog collars; as well as historical styles such as Imperial or Gladstone)
Double Round Collar		a turn down collar with rounded tips.
Eton collar		a wide stiff buttoned collar forming part of the uniform of Eton College starting in the late 19th century.
Falling band		a collar with rectangular points falling over the chest, worn in the 17th century and remaining part of Anglican clerical clothing into the 19th century.
Fichu collar		a collar styled like an 18th century fichu, a large neckerchief folded into a triangular shape and worn with the point in the back and the front corners tied over the breast.
Gladstone collar		a standing collar with the points pressed to stick out horizontally at the side-fronts, worn with a scarf or ascot; popularized by the British Prime Minister William Ewart Gladstone.
High neck collar		a collar that covers all or most of the neck, popular among women in Edwardian times.
HRH collar	Stand-up turned-down collar	a shirt collar created^[1] by Charvet for Edward VII, which became very popular^[2] at the end of the 19th century.
Imperial/Poke collar		a stiff standing collar for men's formal wear, differentiated from other tall styles by the lack of tabs at the front
Jabot collar		a standing collar with a pleated, ruffled, or lace-trimmed frill down the front.
Johnny collar		a women's style with an open, short V-neck and a flat, often knit collar.
Lacoste collar		the un-starched, flat, protruding collar of a tennis shirt, invented by René Lacoste.
Mandarin	Cadet collar, Chinese collar	a small standing collar, open at the front, based on traditional Manchu or Mongol-influenced Asian garments.
Man-tailored collar		a woman's shirt collar made like a man's shirt collar with a stand and stiffened or buttoned-down points.
Mao collar		a short, almost straight standing collar folded over, with the points extending only to the base of the band, characteristic of the Mao suit.
Medici collar		a flared, fan-shaped collar with a V-opening at the front popular in the 1540s and 1550s, after similar styles seen in portraits of Catherine de' Medici.
Middy collar		a sailor collar (from midshipman), popular for women's and children's clothing in the early 20th century
Mock	mockneck	a knitted collar similar to a turtleneck but without a turnover
Nehru collar		a small standing collar, meeting at the front, based on traditional الهندn garments, popular in the 1960s with the Nehru jacket.
Notched collar		a wing-shaped collar with a triangular notch in it. Often seen in blazers and blouses with business suits. Also, rounded notched collars appear in many forms of pajamas.
Peter Pan collar		a small, flat, round-cornered collar without a stand, popular for women's and children's clothing in the early- and mid-20th century. Peter Pan collars are a popular collar style for younger children. The rounded Peter Pan collars are generally but not always worn without ties or bows.
Picadilly collar		a wing collar made of plastic or celloid.
Pierrot collar		a round, flat, limp collar based on the costume worn by the Commedia dell'Arte character Pierrot.
Poet collar		a soft shirt collar, often with long points, worn by Romantic poets such as Lord Byron, or a 1970s style reminiscent of this.
Revere collar		flat V-shaped collar often found on blouses.
Rolled collar		any collar that is softly rolled where it folds down from the stand (as opposed to a collar with a pressed crease at the fold).
Round collar		any collar with rounded points.
Ruff collar		a high standing pleated collar popular in the renaissance period made of starched linen or lace, or a similar fashion popular late seventeenth century and again in the early nineteenth century.
Sailor collar		a collar with a deep V-neck in front, no stand, and a square back, based on traditional sailor's uniforms
Shawl collar		a round collar for a V-neckline that is extended to form lapels, often used on cardigan sweaters, dinner jackets and women's blouses.
Spread collar	cut away collar	a shirt collar with a wide spread between the points, which can accommodate a bulky necktie knot.
Tab collar		a shirt collar with a small tab that fastens the points together underneath the knot of the necktie.
Tunic collar		a shirt collar with only a short (1 cm) standing band around the neck, with holes to fasten a detachable collar using shirt studs.
Upturned collar		an otherwise flat, protruding collar of either a shirt (especially a tennis shirt), jacket, or coat that has been turned upward, either for sport use, warmth, or as either a "fashion signal" or a perceived status symbol.
Van Dyke	ياقة ڤان‌دايك vandyke collar	a large collar with deep points standing high on the neck and falling onto the shoulders, usually trimmed with lace or reticella, worn in the second quarter of the 17th century, as seen in portraits by Anthony Van Dyck.
ياقة ونزر Windsor collar		for a cutaway collar: a dress-shirt collar that is slightly stiff, with a wide spread (space between the points) to accommodate a Windsor knot tie, popularized in the 1930s; for a wing collar, a standard wing collar.
Wing collar	(incorrectly) wingtip collar	a small standing collar with the points pressed to stick out horizontally, resembling "wings", worn with men's evening dress (white tie or black tie); a descendant of Gladstone collar. Used by barristers in the UK and كندا.
جناحية Wing	whisk	a stiffened half-circle collar with a tall stand, worn in the early 17th century.
Y-collar		similar to a Johnny collar, only with one or two buttons at the bottom of the v-neck line, creating a y-shape.

انظر أيضاً

الهامش

^ "Try our "98'Curzons!" A few fashion hints for men". Otago Witness. November 3, 1898. Retrieved 2010-01-26. It was actually the Prince of Wales who introduced this shape. He got them originally about eight years ago from a manufacturer called Charvet, in Paris.
^ Levitt, Sarah (1991). Fashion in photographs 1880-1900. London: Batsford. p. 81. ISBN 0713461209.

Oxford English Dictionary
Picken, Mary Brooks: The Fashion Dictionary, Funk and Wagnalls, 1957. (1973 edition ISBN 0-308-10052-2)

وصلات خارجية

Stylopedia -- an online dictionary of fashion details
ApparelSeach glossary of textile and apparel terms
Textile Glossary -- an online textile glossary
Collars on Boys Shirts and Blouses: From the Historical Boys' Clothing website

[1] "Try our "98'Curzons!" A few fashion hints for men". Otago Witness. November 3, 1898. Retrieved 2010-01-26. It was actually the Prince of Wales who introduced this shape. He got them originally about eight years ago from a manufacturer called Charvet, in Paris.

[2] Levitt, Sarah (1991). Fashion in photographs 1880-1900. London: Batsford. p. 81. ISBN 0713461209.

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