العلم المسيحي
المؤسس | ماري بيكر إدي |
---|---|
المقرات الرئيسية والكنيسة الأم | كنيسة المسيح الأولى، العالم (تأسست 1879)، كريستيان ساينس پلازا، باك باي، بوسطن، مساتشوستس |
النصوص الرئيسية | ماري بيكر إدي، العلم والصحة (1875) وكتيب الكنيس الأم (1895) |
الأعضاء | أقل من 100,000[1] |
عدد الكنائس | 1,100 في الولايات المتحدة و600 في أماكن أخرى[1] |
الموقع الإلكتروني | |
christianscience.com |
العلم المسيحي Christian Science، هي مجموعة من الاعتقادات والممارسات تقوم بها عشيرة الحركات الدينية الجديدة ذات الفكر الجديد-الميتافيزيقي.[2] أسستها وطورتها في القرن التاسع عشر بالولايات المتحدة ماري بيكر إدي (1821–1910)، ووصفتها لأول مرة في كتابها العلم والصحة (1875)، نص ديني مرتبطالكتاب المقدس. بعد أربع سنوات، أسست إدي كنيسة المسيح الأولى، العالم في بوسطن، مساتشوستس.[3] وهي كغيرها من الكنائس المسيحية تؤمن بعلم الله المطلق وبسلطة الكتاب المقدس، وتعتبر صلب وموت وقيامة يسوع المسيح كأساس لخلاص البشرية. ولكنها تختلف عن المسيحية التقليدية بإيمانها أن المسيح هو كائن سماوي روحي ولكنه غير إلهي، وأيضا باعتبارها الخليقة على أنها وجود روحي كلي. وبسبب التشابه مع المجموعات الأخرى فإن الكثيرين يعتقدون أن العلم المسيحي هو بدعة غير مسيحية.
وتقول بأن الخطيئة تنفي وتقاوم سيادة الله على العالم وتشوه حقيقة أن الله هو مصدر الحياة، لذلك فأن علاج الأمراض بطريقة روحية يمثل عنصراً أساسياً للخلاص من الجسد، كما أنه من الممارسات الأكثر أهمية بالنسبة للكنيسة. استنادا على هذا يرفض معظم أتباع هذه الكنيسة المساعدة الطبية في الشفاء من الأمراض، وينخرط أتباع آخرون فيها بشكل كامل مع مؤسسة تعرف بممارسي العلم المسيحي. ويقوم قراء مختارون بترأس خدمة يوم الأحد والتي تتركز على قراءة مقاطع من الكتاب المقدس ومن كتاب ماري بيكر إيدي (العلوم والصحة ومفتاح نصوص الكتاب المقدس) والذي نشر لأول مرة عام 1875.
في تعداد 1936، وصلت شعبية الحركة لذروتها، بلغ أتباعها حوالي 270.000 في الولايات المتحدة. في 2010، كان عدد كنائس العلم المسيحي حوالي 1.100 كنيسة في الولايات المتحدة، و600 في أماكن أخرى، وعدد أفرادها كان 100.000 شخص.[4]
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التاريخ والتطور
خلفية
طائفة العلم المسيحي
الهيئات
|
ماري بيكر إدي
العلم المسيحي | |
---|---|
وُلِدَ | Mary Morse Baker يوليو 16, 1821 |
توفي | ديسمبر 3, 1910 | (aged 89)
المثوى | مقبرة مونت اوبرن، كمبردج، مساتشوتس |
الزوج | جورج واشنطن گلوڤر (m. 1843–1844) دانيال پاترسون (m. 1853–1873, separated 1866) أسا گلبرت إدي (m. 1877–1882)[6] |
الأنجال | جورج واشنطن گلوڤر الثاني (و. 1844)[7] |
الوالدان | ماري بيكر (ت. 1865) أبيگيل أمبروز بيكر (ت. 1849)[8] |
أسست ماري بيكر إيدي مذهب العلم المسيحي، وهي التي كانت رائدة الأفكار الجديدة فيما يتعلق بالروحانية والصحة. قضت إيدي سنوات في دراسة الكتاب المقدس والصلاة والبحث في أساليب الشفاء المختلفة بعدما اختبرت الشفاء بنفسها في 1866. وكانت النتيجة نظاماً للشفاء أطلقت عليه إسم "العلم المسيحي" عام 1879. لقد فتح كتابها "العلم والصحة مع مفاتيح الكلمة" أرضاً جديدة في فهم الصلة ما بين الذهن والجسد والروح. بعد ذلك أسست كلية، وكنيسة ودار للنشر والجريدة المحترمة المعروفة بإسم: "مراقب العلم المسيحي" (“The Christian Science Monitor.”).
كانت ماري بيكر إيدي، في شبابها ضعيفة تعاني المرض. توفي زوجها الأول، جورج گلوڤر، عام 1844 بسبب الحمى الصفراء وتركها من دون مال مع طفلها الذي ما لبثت أن تخلّت عنه ووضعته في بيت كافل. تزوجت من دانيال باترسون في عام 1853. ثم طلّقته عام 1873. وأثناء فترة عيشها في نيو هامشِر عام 1866، ادعت اكتشافها لسر العلم الإلهي بعد شفائها بأعجوبة من وقعة جعلتها مشلولة. مذاك راحت تعلّم تقنياتها الشفائية وفلسفتها الروحية للطلاب المهتمين.
تعليم إيدي على يد فينيس كيمبي
ميلاد الدين
الفشل في لين
انتقلت إيدي إلى لين، ماساشوستس عام 1875، وأسست جمعية العلم المسيحي ونشرت كتابها تحت عنوان Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures (S&H) أي العلم والصحة مع مفتاح الوصول إلى الكتاب المقدس. تزوجت من آسا ألبرت إيدي (مات سنة 1882) وأسسا معاً بشكل رسميّ كنيسة العلم المسيحي. أسّست السيدة إيدي عام 1890 "الكنيسة الأم"، وهي الكنيسة الأولى للمسيح، العالم، في بوسطن ماساتشوستس. ماتت السيدة إيدي سنة 1910 وصارت السلطة الأن في مجلس أمناء كنيسة العلم المسيحيّ.
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العلم والصحة
- مقالة مفصلة: Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures
فضل كويمبي على إدي
مزاعم الانتحال
المسمرية الخبيثة
محاكمات السحرة، ادعاء المؤامرة
نمو الحركة
تأسيس الكنيسة والكلية
- مقالة مفصلة: كنيسة المسيح الأولى، العالم
محاكمة أبي كورنر
آراء النقاد
مقالات مككلور
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جناح الأصدقاء الجدد
الاعتقادات والممارسات
اللاهوت
الوجود
اعتقادات حول الله، المسيح، الموت
يقول مذهب العلم المسيحي أن الله – وهو أب وأم للكل – هو صالح تماما وروحي بشكل كامل وأن كل خليقة الله بما فيها الطبيعة الحقيقية لكل إنسان هي الصورة الروحية الكاملة لله. وبما أن خليقة الله صالحة فإن الشرور مثل المرض والموت والخطية لا يمكن أن تكون جزء من الحقيقة الأساسية. بل إن هذه الشرور ناتجة عن الحياة بعيداً عن الله. الصلاة هي طريقة أساسية ومركزية للإقتراب إلى الله وشفاء الأمراض البشرية. وهذا يختلف عن الكتاب المقدس، الذي يعلمنا أن الإنسان مولود بالخطية الموروثة من سقوط آدم وأن الخطية تفصلنا عن الله. وبدون نعمة الله المخلصة من خلال موت المسيح على الصليب لا يمكن أن نشفى من المرض الأعظم الذي هو الخطية.
شفاء العلم المسيحي
المرض كخطية
بدلا من التعليم أن يسوع يشفي أمراضنا الروحية (أنظر أشعياء 53: 5)، فإن المؤمنين بالعلم المسيحي يرون خدمة المسيح كنموذج لهم للشفاء، ويؤمنون أنها تبين مركزية الشفاء بالنسبة للخلاص. يصلي أتباع مذهب العلم المسيحي يومياً لكي يدركوا المزيد من حقيقة الله ومحبة الله وأن يختبروا ويساعدوا آخرين لكي يختبروا التأثيرات الشافية لهذا الإدراك.[9]
الممارسون ودور التمريض
بالنسبة لمعظم أتباع مذهب العلم المسيحي فإن الشفاء الروحي هو الخيار الأول الفعال، ولهذا يتجهون لقوة الصلاة بدلا من طلب العلاج الطبي. لقد حاربت السلطات الحكومية هذا الإتجاه مراراً، خاصة في الحالات التي تمنع فيها العناية الطبية عن القصَّر. ولكن ليس هناك أي سياسة كنسية تجبر أعضائها على إتخاذ قرارات صحية معينة.
صلاة وعلاج العلم المسيحي
حقوق الأطفال، العلاقة مع الطب
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وفيات الأطفال والملاحقات القضائية
- مقالات مفصلة: Commonwealth v. Twitchell
- حرية الأديان في الولايات المتحدة
لوندمان ومككون
تجنب التطعيم
كنيسة العلم المسيحي
الحوكمة والخدمات
- مقالة مفصلة: كنيسة المسيح الأولى، العالم (توضيح)
الأعضاء
جمعية نشر العلم المسيحي
الجرائد
مصير الكنيسة الأم
- مقالة مفصلة: مصير الكنيسة الأم
أعمال لماري بيكر إدي
- العلم والصحة (1875)
- The Science of Man, By Which the Sick are Healed (1876)
- Christian Healing (1880)
- The People's God (1883)
- Historical Sketches of Metaphysical Healing (1885)
- Defence of Christian Science (1885)
- لاونعم (1887)
- Rudiments and Rules of Divine Science (1887)
- Unity of Good and Unreality of Evil (1888)
- Retrospection and Introspection (1891)
- Rudimental Divine Science (1894)
- Manual of the Mother Church (1895)
- Pulpit and Press (1895)
- Miscellaneous Writings, 1883–1896 (1897)
- Christ and Christmas (1897)
- Christian Science versus Pantheism (1898)
- The Christian Science Hymnal (1898)
- Christian Healing and the People's Idea of God (1908)
- قصائد (1910)
- The First Church of Christ Scientist and Miscellany (1913)
- Prose Works (1925)
انظر أيضاً
- Anne Hutchinson
- آ، لي / Shakers
- Ellen G. White / Seventh-day Adventism
- Andrew Jackson Davis
- John Alexander Dowie
- Warren Felt Evans
- Bone pointing / Voodoo death
- Efficacy of prayer
- Faith healing
- Hindu idealism
- Hospital-acquired infection
- Iatrogenesis
- العلم اليهودي
- Law of attraction
- Maya (illusion)
- Medical malpractice
- Mind over matter
- Placebo effect / Nocebo
- Psionics
- Psychosomatic medicine
- العلم الديني
- Jacobson v. Massachusetts (1905)
- Prince v. Massachusetts (1944)
- Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972)
الاهوامش
- ^ أ ب Vitello (New York Times) 2010, p. 1.
- ^ Saliba 2003, p. 26: "The Christian Science-Metaphysical Family. This family, known also as "New Thought" in academic literature, stresses the need to understand the functioning of the human mind in order to achieve the healing of all human ailments."
- Lewis 2003, p. 94: "Groups in the metaphysical (Christian Science–New Thought) tradition ... usually claim to have discovered spiritual laws which, if properly understood and applied, transform and improve the lives of ordinary individuals, much as technology has transformed society."
- Gallagher 2004, p. 54: ... the New Thought Movement ... combines ideas from [Mary Baker] Eddy and the prominent faith-healer Phileas Quimby."
- Melton 2005, p. 146: "Christian Science is a metaphysical religion that emerged in New England in reaction to the spiritual healing experienced by founder Mary Baker Eddy (1821–1910)."
- ^ Melton 2005, pp. 146–147.
- ^ For the 1936 figure of 268,915, see Schoeplin 2001, p. 119.
- ^ Gottschalk 2006, p. 64.
- ^ Gill 1998, pp. 244, 288.
- ^ Fraser 1999, p. 37.
- ^ Gill 1998, pp. 84–85.
- ^ ما هو العلم المسيحي؟ أسئلة علن الكتاب المقدس
- ^ Josephine Woodbury (back row, far right) was one of several in the photograph who became prominent as Eddy's adversaries.
المصادر
- كتب/فصول
- Bates, Ernest Sutherland and Dittemore, John V. Mary Baker Eddy: The Truth and the Tradition. A. A. Knopf, 1932.
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- Dresser, Julius. The True Story of Mental Science, 1887.
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- Eddy, Mary Baker. Rudimental Divine Science. The Christian Science Board of Directors, 1925, first published 1883.
- Eddy, Mary Baker. Historical Sketch of Christian Science Mind-healing, 1888.
- Eddy, Mary Baker. Manual of the Mother Church, 89th edition, The Christian Science Board of Directors, first published 1895.
- Eddy, Mary Baker. "The People's Idea of God", delivered as a sermon, 1908.
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- مقالات/محاضرات
- Asser, S.M. and Swan, R. "Child fatalities from religion-motivated medical neglect", Pediatrics, 101(4 Pt 1), April 1998, pp. 625–629.
- Associated Press. "Court Overturns Conviction of Christian Science Couple", August 12, 1993.
- Associated Press. "Measles Outbreak Began at Ski Trip in Colorado", May 8, 1994.
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- Cayuga Chief. "Mrs. Eddy Alters Creed", November 29, 1902.
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- Kaplan, Jeffrey. "New Religious Movements and Globalization", in Eugene V. Gallagher and Michael Ashcraft, Michael (eds.). Introduction to New and Alternative Religions in America. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2006.
- Klassen, P.E. "Textual Healing: Mainstream Protestants and the Therapeutic Text, 1900–1925", Church History, 75(4), 2009.
- Klein, Janice. "Ann Lee and Mary Baker Eddy: The Parenting of New Religions," Journal of Psychohistory, 6 (3), 1979.
- Lundman v. McKown et al, Court of Appeals of Minnesota, April 1995; Lundman v. McKown, North West Rep Second Ser, 4(530), April 1995, pp. 807-834.
- Margolick, David. "In Child Deaths, a Test for Christian Science", The New York Times, August 6, 1990.
- McDonald, Jean A. "Mary Baker Eddy and the Nineteenth-Century 'Public' Woman: A Feminist Reappraisal", Journal of Feminist Studies in Religion, 2(1), 1986.
- McKim, Randolph Harrison. "Christianity and Christian Science", The North American Review, 199(700), March 1914.
- McKim, Randolph Harrison. "What Christian Science Really Teaches", The North American Review, 200(704), July 1914.
- Melton, J. Gordon. "Christian Science," Encyclopedia of Protestantism. Infobase Publishing, 2005.
- Morrill, Susanna. "Christian Science", in Paul A. Djupe and Laura R. Olson (eds.). Encyclopedia of American Religion and Politics. Infobase Publishing, 2003.
- Morris, Henry. "'Suggestion' in the treatment of disease", British Medical Journal, 1(2581), 1910.
- New York Times, The. "Christian Science Killed Her", May 18, 1888.
- New York Times, The. "Mrs. Corner on Trial", May 22, 1888.
- New York Times, The. "The Christian Scientist Held", May 26, 1888.
- New York Times, The. "The Christian Scientist Not Indicted", June 10, 1888.
- New York Times, The. "True Origin of Christian Science", July 10, 1904.
- New York Times, The. "Dr. Alan McLane Hamilton Tells About His Visit to Mrs. Eddy", August 25, 1907.
- New York Times, The. Lay Eddyite Suicide to 'Death Thought', April 26, 1910.
- New York Times, The. "Eddyite is Held for Child's Death; London Coroner's Jury Renders a Verdict of Manslaughter", August 20, 1913.
- New York Times, The. "Christian Science Failed; English Father Appears in Court on a Manslaughter Charge", August 21, 1913.
- New York Times, The. "X-Scientist Escapes; Englishman Whose Child Died While Undergoing Treatment Is Freed", September 9, 1913.
- New York Times, The. "Congress library gets Eddy letters", April 6, 1930.
- New York Times, The. "Christian Science Text's Copyright Is Ruled Illegal by Appeals Court", September 23, 1987.
- New York Times, The. "Christian Scientists Found Liable in Death", August 19, 1993.
- North East Rep Second Ser, August 11, 1993
- North East Rep Second Ser. "Commonwealth v. Twitchell", 11(617), August 11, 1993, pp. 609–621.
- Novotny, T. et al. "Measles outbreaks in religious groups exempt from immunization laws", Public Health Reports, 103(1), Jan–Feb 1988, pp. 49–54.
- Parker, Gail. "Mary Baker Eddy and Sentimental Womanhood", The New England Quarterly, 43(1), March 1970, pp. 3–18.
- PBS. "Christian Science Healing", August 1, 2008.
- Prinz-Wondollek, Frank. "How does Christian Science heal?", Boston, Massachusetts, April 28, 2011.
- Roberts, John. "Religion should not put a child's health at risk", British Medical Journal, February 3, 1996.
- Schrager, Cynthia D. "Mark Twain and Mary Baker Eddy: Gendering the Transpersonal Subject", American Literature, 70(1), 1998.
- Schrager, Cynthia D. "Both Sides of the Veil: Race, Science, and Mysticism in W. E. B. Du Bois", American Quarterly, 48(4), 1996.
- Simpson, W.F. "Comparative Mortality of Two College Groups, 1945–1983",|MMWR Weekly, 40(33), August 23, 1991, pp. 579–582.
- Sparkman, John. "JSH-Online Progress", The Christian Science Journal, February 2012.
- Stark, Rodney. "The Rise and Fall of Christian Science," Journal of Contemporary Religion, 13 (2), 1998, pp. 189–214.
- Stecklow, Steve. "Church's Media Moves At Issue A Burgeoning Network Sparks Dissent", Philadelphia Inquirer, October 14, 1991.
- Stein, Stephen J. "America's Bibles: Canon, Commentary, and Community", Church History, 64(2), 1995.
- Steinfels, Peter. "Fiscal and Spiritual Rifts Shake Christian Scientists", The New York Times, February 29, 1992.
- Sugerman, D. E. et al. "Measles Outbreak in a Highly Vaccinated Population, San Diego, 2008: Role of the Intentionally Undervaccinated", Pediatrics, 125(4), April 1, 2010, pp. 747–755.
- Swami Yogananda. "Christian Science and Hindu Philosophy", East West Magazine.
- Swami Yogananda. "Christian Science and Hindu Philosophy", East West Magazine, 1926.
- Swan, Rita. "Faith healing, Christian Science, and the medical care of children",New England Journal of Medicine, 309(26), December 1983, pp. 1639–1641.
- Swan, Rita. "When Faith Fails Children", The Humanist, November/December 2000.
- Swan, Rita. "‘Matthew, you cannot be sick’", The Dublin Review, 2009–2010.
- Swanson, Douglas J. "'Standing Porter at the Door of Thought': The Social Order of the Christian Science Church," paper presented to the Western Social Science Association annual conference, 2001.
- The College of Physicians of Philadelphia. "Vaccination Exemptions", undated, accessed February 8, 2013.
- United Press International. "Court in Massachusetts upholds Christian Science Monitor's dismissal of a lesbian", The New York Times, August 22, 1985.
- Vitello, Paul. "Christian Science Church Seeks Truce With Modern Medicine", The New York Times, March 23, 2010.
- Voorhees, Amy Black. "Christian Science", in Jeffrey S. Siker (ed.). Homosexuality and Religion: An Encyclopedia. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2007.
- Voorhees, Amy Black. "Mary Baker Eddy, the Woman Question, and Christian Salvation", Journal of Feminist Studies in Religion, 28(2), Fall 2012, pp. 5–25.
- Weddle, David L. "The Christian Science Textbook: An Analysis of the Religious Authority of Science and Health by Mary Baker Eddy", The Harvard Theological Review, 84(3), 1991.
- Wessinger, Catherine; DeChant, Dell; and Ashcraft, William Michael. "Theosophy, New Thought and New Age Movements", in Eugene V. Gallagher and Michael Ashcraft (eds.). Introduction to New and Alternative Religions in America. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2006.
- Young, Beth Rapp. "Defending Child Medical Neglect: Christian Science Persuasive Rhetoric", Rhetoric Review, 20(3/4), 2001, pp. 268–292.
قراءات إضافية
- وصلات خارجية
- الموقع الرسمي للعلم المسيحي
- Christian Science publications (Journal, Herald and Sentinel)
- Eddy, Mary Baker. Manual of the Mother Church, 89th edition.
- New York Times, The. "Mary Baker Eddy", the newspaper's archive of articles, 1899–the present.
- Commonwealth vs. David R. Twitchell, decision of the 1993 appeal.
- Mary Baker Eddy Library
- Mary Baker Eddy Institute
- Resource for lectures on Christian Science
- Emergence International, LGBT advocacy within Christian Science.
- Longyear Museum, devoted to the life and work of Mary Baker Eddy.
- Christian Way, former Christian Scientists for Jesus.
- The Bookmark, independent source of literature on Christian Science.
- Interview with Virginia Harris, chair of the Christian Science board of directors, Larry King Live, CNN, May 4, 2001 (transcript).
- كتب ومقالات
- Ahlstrom, Sydney E. "Eddy, Mary Baker," in Edward T. James, Janet Wilson James, and Paul S. Boyer. Notable American Women: A Biographical Dictionary. Volume 2. Harvard University Press, 1971, p. 551ff.
- Alexander, Eben. Proof of Heaven: A Neurosurgeon's Journey into the Afterlife. Simon & Schuster, 2012.
- Bellwald, A.M. Christian Science and the Catholic Faith. Kessinger Publishing, 2005.
- Doyle, Laurance. "Science & Spirit: Where Do They Meet?" (lecture on Christian Science), Stanford University, May 6, 2008.
- Fraser, Caroline. God's Perfect Child (extract), The New York Times, August 22, 1999.
- Zaleski, Philip. "Thinking Made It So, for a While", The New York Times, August 22, 1999 (review of Caroline Fraser's God's Perfect Child).
- Fisher, H.A.L. Our New Religion. Kessinger Publishing, 2010, first published 1929.
- Fox, Margery. "Protest in Piety: Christian Science Revisited," International Journal of Women's Studies, 1(401), July/August 1978.
- Fraser, Caroline. "Overachiever", The New York Review of Books, April 27, 2000 (review of Gillian Gill's Mary Baker Eddy).
- Harrington, Anne. The Cure Within: A History of Mind-Body Medicine. W.W. Norton & Co, 2008.
- Hickey, K.S. and Lyckholm, L. "Child welfare versus parental autonomy: medical ethics, the law, and faith-based healing", Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics, 25(4), 2004, pp. 265–276.
- Kimball, Edward. "Facts and Fictions about Christian Science", lecture delivered April 8, 1898, from Lectures and Articles on Christian Science, Kessinger Publishing, 2005, first published 1921.
- Kimball, Edward. Christian Science and Legislation: The Endeavor to Handicap Truth. HardPress, 2012, first published 1909.
- James, William. The Varieties of Religious Experience. 1902 (Gifford Lectures).
- Manca, T. "Medicine and Spiritual Healing Within a Region of Canada: Preliminary Findings Concerning Christian Scientists' Healthcare Practices", Journal of Religion and Health, June 17, 2011.
- Merrick, Jana C. "Christian Science healing of minor children: Spiritual exemption statutes, First Amendment rights, and fair notice", Issues in Law and Medicine, 10(3), Winter 1994, pp. 321–342.
- Merrick, Jana C. "Spiritual healing, sick kids and the law: Inequities in the American healthcare system", American Journal of Law and Medicine, 29(2-3), 2003, pp. 269–299.
- Nudelman, A. E. "Christian Scientists' Beliefs About the Role of Suggestion in Illness and Healing", Psychological Reports, 47(2), 1980.
- Paget, Stephen. The Faith and Works of Christian Science. The MacMillan Company, 1909.
- Peel, Robert. Spiritual Healing in a Scientific Age. Harper and Row, 1987.
- Ruetenik, T. "The First Church of Christ, Pragmatist: Christian Science and Responsible Optimism", Journal of Religion and Health, 51(4), December 2012, pp. 1397–1405.
- Stores, Bruce. Christian Science: Its Encounter with Lesbian/Gay America. iUniverse, 2004.
- Snowden, James Henry. The Truth About Christian Science: The Founder and the Faith. Ulan Books 2012, first published 1920.
- Twain, Mark. Christian Science, 1907.
- Zindler, Frank R. "Mary 'Faker' Eddy and the Cult of Christian Science", American Atheists, September 1987.
- كتب لعلماء مسيحيين سابقين
- Fraser, Caroline. God's Perfect Child: Living and Dying in the Christian Science Church. Metropolitan Books, 1999.
- Kramer, Linda S. The Religion That Kills: Christian Science: Abuse, Neglect, and Mind Control. Bookworld Services, 1999.
- Simmons, Thomas. The Unseen Shore: Memories of a Christian Science Childhood. Beacon 1991.
- Swan, Rita. The Last Strawberry. Hag's Head Press, 2009.
- Wilson, Barbara. Blue Windows: A Christian Science Childhood. Picador 1997.
- مختارت لماري بيكر إدي (مرتبة زمنياً)
- Cather, Willa and Milmine, Georgine. "Mary Baker G. Eddy". McClure's magazine, 14 articles, January 1907 – June 1908; McClure's editorial, December 1906.
- Cather, Willa and Milmine, Georgine. The Life of Mary Baker G. Eddy and the History of Christian Science. Doubleday 1909; can be read at unz.org, and archive.org. Republished in 1971 by Baker Book House, and in 1993 by University of Nebraska Press.
- Wilbur, Sybil. The Life of Mary Baker Eddy, The Christian Science Publishing Society, 1907.
- Meehan, Michael. Mrs. Eddy and the Late Suit in Equity, Ulan Press 2012, first published 1908.
- Bancroft, Samuel P. Mrs. Eddy as I Knew Her in 1870. Geo H. Ellis Co, 1923.
- Dickey, Adam H. Memoirs of Mary Baker Eddy. Bookmark 2002, first published 1927.
- Dakin, Edwin Franden. Mrs. Eddy, the Biography of a Virginal Mind. C. Scribner's Sons, 1929.
- Powell, Lyman P. Mary Baker Eddy: A Life Size Portrait. The Christian Science Publishing Company, 1930.
- Springer, Fleta Campbell. According to the Flesh. Coward-McCann, 1930.
- Bates, Ernest Sutherland and Dittemore, John V. Mary Baker Eddy: The Truth and the Tradition. A. A. Knopf, 1932.
- Tomlinson, Irving C. Twelve Years with Mary Baker Eddy. Christian Science Publishing Society, 1945.
- Studdert Kennedy, Hugh A. Mrs. Eddy: Her Life, Her Work and Her Place in History. Farallon Press, 1947.
- Peel, Robert. Mary Baker Eddy: The Years of Discovery. The Christian Science Publishing Society, 1966.
- Peel, Robert. Mary Baker Eddy: The Years of Authority. The Christian Science Publishing Society, 1966.
- Peel, Robert. Mary Baker Eddy: The Years of Trial. The Christian Science Publishing Society, 1971.
- Gardner, Martin. The Healing Revelations of Mary Baker Eddy. Prometheus Books, 1993.
- Thomas, David. With Bleeding Footsteps: Mary Baker Eddy's Path to Religious Leadership. Knopf 1994.
- Nenneman, Richard A. Persistent Pilgrim: The Life of Mary Baker Eddy. Nebbadoon Press, 1997.
- Gill, Gillian. Mary Baker Eddy. Da Capo Press, 1998.
- Gottschalk, Stephen. Rolling Away the Stone: Mary Baker Eddy's Challenge to Materialism. Indiana University Press, 2006.
- مقالات موسوعية
- The New International Encyclopedia. "Christian Science", 1905.
- Encyclopædia Britannica. "Christian Science", 11th edition, 1911.
- Encyclopædia Britannica. [wikisource:1922 Encyclopædia Britannica/Christian Science|"Christian Science"], 12th edition, 1922.
- Encyclopædia Britannica. "Christian Science", 2013.
- كتب عن الفكر الجديد
- Braden, Charles S. Spirits in Rebellion: The Rise and Development of New Thought. Southern Methodist University Press, 1963.
- Dresser, Horatio. A History of the New Thought Movement, 1919.
- Mosley, Glenn R. New Thought, Ancient Wisdom: The History and Future of the New Thought Movement. Templeton Press, 2006.