الطاقة في رومانيا
Energy in Romania describes energy and electricity production, consumption and import in Romania.
Romania has significant oil and gas reserves, substantial coal deposits and it has substantial hydroelectric power installed. However, Romania imports oil and gas from Russia and other first world countries, (it mainly imports from the EU). To ease this dependency Romania seeks to use nuclear power as an alternative to electricity generation. So far, the country has two nuclear reactors, located at Cernavodă, accounting for about 18–20% of the country's electricity production, with the second one online in 2007. Nuclear waste is stored on site at reprocessing facilities.
Electric power in Romania is dominated by government enterprises, although privately operated coal mines and oil refineries also existed. Accordingly, Romania placed an increasingly heavy emphasis on developing nuclear power generation. Electric power was provided by the Romanian Electric Power Corporation (CONEL). Energy used in electric power generation consisted primarily of nuclear, coal, oil, and liquefied natural gas (LNG). Of the electricity generated in 2007, 13.1 percent came from nuclear plants then in operation, 41.69 percent from thermal plants (oil and coal), and 25.8 percent from hydroelectric sites.[1] It was predicted in 2007 that the generation structure by the year 2010 would be 10.2 percent hydroelectric, 12.2 percent oil, 22.9 percent coal, 10.2 percent LNG, and 44.5 percent nuclear.
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استعراض
| Capita | Prim. energy | Production | Import | Electricity | CO2-emission | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Million | TWh | TWh | TWh | TWh | Mt | |
| 2004 | 21.69 | 448 | 327 | 133 | 49.2 | 91.5 |
| 2007 | 21.55 | 453 | 320 | 141 | 52.8 | 91.9 |
| 2008 | 21.51 | 458 | 335 | 124 | 53.5 | 89.9 |
| 2009 | 21.48 | 400 | 329 | 77 | 48.7 | 78.4 |
| 2012 | 21.39 | 417 | 321 | 89 | 53.2 | 81.8 |
| 2012R | 0.08 | 406 | 316 | 92 | 52.2 | 79.0 |
| 2013 | 19.98 | 370 | 301 | 69 | 49.9 | 68.8 |
| Change 2004–09 |
−1.0% | −10.8% | 0.7% | −42.0% | −1.1% | −14.4% |
| Mtoe = 11.63 TWh . Prim. energy includes energy losses that are 2/3 for nuclear power [3]
2012R = CO2 calculation criteria changed, numbers updated | ||||||
الهيدروكربون
الطاقة الكهربائية
الطاقة الكهرومائية
Romania has an estimated total usable hydropower of 36,000 GWh per year.[4]
انظر أيضاً
- Energy policy of Romania
- Wind power in Romania
- Solar power in Romania
- Geothermal power in Romania
- Hydroelectricity in Romania
- Renewable energy by country
الهامش
- ^ Report from state power company
- ^ IEA Key World Energy Statistics Statistics 2015, 2014 (2012R as in November 2015 + 2012 as in March 2014 is comparable to previous years statistical calculation criteria, 2013, 2012, 2011, 2010, 2009, 2006 IEA October, crude oil p.11, coal p. 13 gas p. 15
- ^ Energy in Sweden 2010 Archived أكتوبر 16, 2013 at the Wayback Machine Facts and figures The Swedish Energy Agency Table 8 Losses in nuclear power stations Table 9 Nuclear power brutto
- ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم
<ref>غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماةNine O'Clock, issue 4013, page 7
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