أوزون پارك، كوينز

Coordinates: 40°40′13″N 73°50′18″W / 40.670198°N 73.838317°W / 40.670198; -73.838317
أوزون پارك
Ozone Park
حي في كوينز
لافتة ترحيب في أوزون پارك، كوينز
لافتة ترحيب في أوزون پارك، كوينز
البلدالولايات المتحدة
الولايةنيويورك
المقاطعةكوينز
التعداد
 (2010)
 • الإجمالي21٬376 (الجزء الرئيسي فقط)
الأعراق (إحصاء 2010)
 • بيض30.5%
 • سود5.6%
 • هسپان34%
 • آسيويون19.4%
 • غيرهم3.4%
الاقتصاد
 • الدخل الأوسط$41,291
الرمز البريدي
11416, 11417
مفتاح الهاتف718, 347, 917

أوزون پارك Ozone Park هي حي طبقة عاملة يقع في الجزء الجنوبي الغربي من قسم كوينز، في مدينة نيويورك، ولاية نيويورك، الولايات المتحدة. وتحاذي وودهيڤن، ريتشموند هيل، وهاورد بيتش، وسيتي لاين، بروكلن.[1][2][3] Different partsأجزاء مختلفة من الحي يغطيها مجلس الحي رقم 9 في كوينز و رقم 10.[4] ويقع الحي في دائرة الكونگرس السادسة، ويمثلها الديمقراطي گريگوري ميكس.

الحد الشمالي هو أتلانتك آڤنيو؛ والحد الجنوبي هو ساوث كوندويت آڤنيو، والحد الشرقي هو شارع 108.[1] الحد الغربي هو حد المقاطعة مع بروكلن (معظمهم بطول شارعي روبي و درو[5]). وهي مقر حلبة سباق أكويدكت، المكان الشهير لـ سباق الخيول المهجنة. وتشتهر المجاورة بجاليتها الإيطالية-الأمريكية الكبيرة.

The current ground level of Ozone Park is about four feet higher than the original ground level.[original research?] Initially the avenues and cross streets were raised above ground level and then all of the basements were set on ground level and the land was back filled around the houses. The older houses that were at the original ground level now appear "sunken"; these can be observed on the south side of Sutter Avenue between 83rd and 85th streets.

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أصل الاسم

الاسم "أوزون پارك" أختير حين كان الحي قيد الإنشاء "لجذب المشترين بفكرة النسيم المنعش الذي يهب من المحيط الأطلسي إلى حي يشبه المنتزه،"[6] إذ أن كلمة "أوزون" meaning not the alternate form of oxygen, but "fresh healthy air, especially from the sea."[7]


التاريخ

حلبة سباق أكويدكت، في أوزون پارك

An area now part of Ozone Park that pre-dated that community was called "Centreville". It was founded in the 1840s and was centered around Centreville Street and the Centreville Community Church. Part of Ozone Park is still called "Centreville".[8] The church merged with the United Methodist Church of Ozone Park in 1957 and a new church, the Community Methodist Church of Ozone Park, was built at the Southeast corner of Sutter Avenue and Cross Bay Boulevard. It was completed for Christmas 1958. The old church and the property that surrounded it were sold to Aqueduct Racetrack and the old, historic church was torn down in mid-1959. The lot is still vacant as of 2013.

During the 1870s, an economic depression caused residents of New York City to look for better housing opportunities in the suburbs of Manhattan and Brooklyn, where housing would be cheaper. Two partners, Benjamin W. Hitchcock and Charles C. Denton, first began carving farmland into building lots. They were able to do this because of their wealth and substantial capital. Housing was first developed in the area after the Long Island Rail Road began service through the area in 1880 as part of its route from Long Island City to Howard Beach. Ozone Park was created and settled in 1882.[9]

Before the turn of the 20th century, there was an attempt[من؟] to develop up to nine neighborhoods with the "park" title. Ozone Park was the only one of these neighborhoods that continues to exist, mostly because of the daily service at the now-defunct Ozone Park station on the Long Island Rail Road. The name persisted because of the many commuters[من؟] who passed through the Ozone Park station and referred to it as an important landmark. The railroad station was also responsible for the increasing development of the neighborhood because the access to the railroad allowed people to get into the city easily, increasing its popularity among families looking to move into a suburb.

The final improvement to the local transit system was the Fulton Street Elevated train line at Liberty Avenue in 1914. In addition to this railroad station came the nickel fare, which was another major factor in the development of Ozone Park. The nickel fare gave residents the ability to travel anywhere along the railroad line for a set price of 5¢. This new fare was considered to be the "single most effective stimulus to home building"قالب:Cite quote in the Ozone Park area because the real estate developers began buying up all the lots on either side of Liberty Avenue in hopes the new station would attract more people to want to live in Ozone Park.

Historic clock tower built during the 1860s that is a relatively small remnant of the Lalance & Grosjean porcelain enamelware factory complex on Atlantic Avenue at north end of Ozone Park or, alternatively, the south end of Woodhaven. The factory was mostly razed in the 1980s and what remains is now "adaptively reused" as a medical clinic.

Extensive housing construction occurred in the 1920s. The houses featured enclosed front porches, open back porches and stained-glass windows in the living rooms. Most of the houses were detached or semi-detached (very close to the neighboring house, but not sharing a common wall) built to roughly the same plan, with the living room, dining room and kitchen all in line and three bedrooms and a bath upstairs. The stairs were usually in the dining room. One of the builders was named Weyerman.

Prior to 1922, Woodhaven Boulevard was the only important north-south street in town. However, it ended at Liberty Avenue. Then officials decided to expand Woodhaven Boulevard all the way south to the Rockaways and finally opened it to traffic in 1925. This made Ozone Park more accessible by both bus and car. Since cars were also becoming more popular at that time, the land became much more valuable, leading to a construction boom in an attempt to fill any empty lot. Between 1921 and 1930, Ozone Park saw a population increase of over 180% from 40,000 to 112,950 people. With this extraordinary increase in population came the need for schools and sources of entertainment. In response to this demand came the construction of John Adams High School in 1930. This school was built just as the construction boom slowed down and right before the Great Depression. Furthermore, in 1925 the development of the Cross-Bay Movie Theatre gave residents the ability to go and see a show while also connecting with neighbors.

In 1996, a scandal broke surrounding two Ozone Park Jewish cemeteries, Mokom Sholom Cemetery and Bayside Cemetery, which share a coterminous tract bounded by 80th and 84th Streets and Liberty and Pitkin Avenues with Acacia Cemetery, which was not involved. Allegations of the re-using of graves of long-dead mostly infants and small children from the mid-to-late 19th Century, for re-sale to recent Russian Jewish immigrants, were made against the owners of Mokom Sholom, and both it and Bayside had also been ravaged (Mokom Sholom more) by a combination of vandals, grave-robbers, and self-styled necromancers. The former was exposed by WABC-TV Channel 7 in a series of news items, while the latter spawned philanthropic efforts to repair the damage.

One infamous[weasel words] area of Ozone Park is known as "The Hole", and includes the area bounded by 75th (Ruby) Street, South Conduit Avenue, 78th Street and Linden Boulevard. It is named as such because the houses in this area were built below grade. In the 1930s, the city of New York decided to install sewers and sewer lines in Ozone Park to stop the serious flooding that was a major problem. In order to install the sewers, the houses had to be raised almost an entire floor. Owners were given a stipend to raise their homes but some chose not to do so. The first floor in some of the non-raised homes subsequently became basements. And even today, there are still a few homes that remain below grade.[original research?]

مسجد الحي الثاني في أوزون بارك. في 13 أغسطس 2016، اقتحمه مسلح وقتل الإمام والمؤذن.

في 13 أغسطس 2016، في الساعة 1:55 بعد صلاة الظهر، قام شخص باقتحام مسجد الحي الثاني في أوزون بارك، وأطلق النار على رأسي الإمام والمؤذن، فأرداهما قتيلين، ثم فر هارباً. القتيلان من الجالية البنغالية. وقال الشهود أن شخصاً هسبانياً طويل القامة شوهد يركض وبيده مسدساً كبير الحجم. وعلى الفور قام المسلمون بمظاهرات في الحي.[10]

السكان

Since its beginnings, Ozone Park has been largely populated by various groups of immigrants. The first wave were French immigrants associated with a pot factory on Atlantic Avenue. Germans and the Irish made up a large part of Ozone Park in the late 19th century and early 20th century. Eventually, the Italians, who are one of the largest ethnic groups in the neighborhood (giving it the name "the Little Italy of Queens"), started to migrate into Ozone Park from East New York, Brooklyn. Most of the current Italians in the neighborhood are originally from Brooklyn. Fears of changing neighborhoods caused a stir amongst the Italians that caused them to move into Ozone Park, which at the time was mostly Germans and Irish who had migrated themselves from neighboring East New York. A significant Polish population also developed based around Saint Stanislaus Bishop and Martyr Roman Catholic Church and its associated elementary school.

Census data from the early years[when?] shows how Ozone Park was a sparsely populated neighborhood because of the lack of transportation. By 1915, the Fulton Street Line opened, connecting Ozone Park with the rest of New York City, thus starting the enormous influx by the Italians. Ozone Park then formed many smaller sub-neighborhoods with specific identities. The Tudor Village section, which is still known by this name, was located on the south bordered by Pitkin Avenue and North Conduit Avenue and from east to west Cross Bay Boulevard and North Conduit Avenue. Centreville, which also still uses this name, is bordered by Aqueduct on the east, Cross Bay Boulevard on the west, North Conduit Avenue on the south, and Rockaway Boulevard on the north. Liberty Heights, which is only known by the old-timers, is a triangular area bordered by Liberty Avenue on the south, diagonal-running 101st Avenue (Jerome Avenue) from the southwest to the northeast, and Woodhaven Boulevard to the east. Balsam Village, which is also known by the old-timers, was named after Balsam Farms, which sold off parcels of land for development, and is bordered by Liberty Avenue on the north, 84th Street on the west, and Cross Bay Boulevard on the east.

In the 1980s, Ozone Park's 106th police precinct became the source and scene of several police brutality incidents, including April 17, 1985's stun gunning of high schooler Mark Davidson, who was arrested on marijuana possession charges.

At the turn of the 21st century immigrants from Latin America, South Asia (بنگلادش)، وجزر الهند الغربية وأمريكا الجنوبية (Indo-Guyanese & Indo-Surinamese) moved in, adding a diverse atmosphere to the neighborhood, which is especially apparent along 101st Avenue and Liberty Avenue near the neighborhood's border with Richmond Hill.[11] The neighborhood remains largely Italian-American; however, these new arrivals have made Ozone Park become one of the fastest-growing and most ethnically diverse neighborhoods in New York City. Aside from these larger groups, there is a large Hispanic population in Ozone Park, mainly concentrated in the northern portion of the neighborhood near the Woodhaven border, and an African-American minority, spread throughout the neighborhood.

Residents vary from working-class to middle-class families, who own or rent private homes on the neighborhood's tree-lined residential streets. There are pockets of wealthier areas in the southern part of the neighborhood close to the Belt Parkway.

الأقسام

Rockaway Boulevard in South Ozone Park

أوزون پارك الجنوبية

South Ozone Park is a neighborhood in Ozone Park, but despite its name, South Ozone Park is mostly in the east of the neighborhood of Ozone Park.[12] It extends from the Aqueduct Racetrack eastward to the Van Wyck Expressway.[12] Its main thoroughfare is Rockaway Boulevard. The neighborhood is part of Queens Community Board 10.[4]

South Ozone Park is home to a more diverse population of about 45,498, with many Indians, Pakistani, Guyanese, Trinidadian, and Blacks living in the area, in addition to the area's longtime Italian-American population; Italian-Americans are most prevalent in the southern and western areas in the neighborhood near the Conduit. There has been a recent surge of development in South Ozone Park that rivals many of the surrounding communities in terms of home value.[بحاجة لمصدر] Rockaway Boulevard is South Ozone Park's main business strip. There is also a high concentration of small businesses along Liberty Avenue in nearby Richmond Hill. In 2000, the population was 7.8% white, 45.7% Asian Indian, 12.7% Hispanic, 12.8% non-Indian Asian, and 25.6% black. The Median income is $80,000, and the ZIP code is 11420 & 11436

قرية تيودور

The neighborhood, in western Ozone Park, is extremely small, consisting of approximately two hundred and fifty homes; it spans only five residential streets and two avenues. Its population consists mostly of Italian Americans. Its residents consist of approximately six hundred people, mostly families. Most of its inhabitants have lived there for many years. The village was incorporated in the late 1800s and has since flourished. Tudor Village hosts suburban tree-lined streets with what is referred to as the "Tudor Malls" in its center, boasting floral arrangements throughout. The village is also home to Tudor Park, a 20-acre (81,000 m2) recreational park which features a baseball field, racquetball courts, picnic area, and a fountain as well as a play area with slides, swings and almost everything else one would expect to find in a suburban park. Located on the southeast end of the village are another baseball field and benches and shaded areas for resting. Tudor Village is on the border of Howard Beach.


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النقل

Numerous New York City Bus routes stop in the area, such as the Q7, Q8, Q10, Q11, Q21, Q24, Q37, Q40, Q41, Q52, Q53, Q112. The B15 runs through the neighborhood without stopping.[13] The New York City Subway's IND Fulton Street Line (قالب:NYCS Fulton east trains) and IND Rockaway Line (قالب:NYCS Rockaway trains) also run through the neighborhood.[14]

المدارس

P.S. 63

المدارس العامة

مدارس خاصة

  • St Elizabeth's RC Elementary
  • St Mary Gate of Heaven RC Elementary
  • Divine Mercy Catholic Academy (originally Nativity B.V.M. and St. Stanislaus Schools, which were combined renamed in 2007)
  • Little Dolphin Pre-School
  • Our Lady's Catholic Academy Our Lady’s Catholic Academy is a diverse, child-centered Catholic elementary school with 2 campuses that serves the South Ozone Park community. The first school campus located on 126th Street and Rockaway Boulevard, was founded in September 2009, under the direction and guidance of the Board of Directors. The school expanded to a second campus in September 2012 and is located on 128th Street and 111th Avenue [15]
  • Our Lady of Perpetual Help School is the parish school for the church of the same name. It is located on 115th Street and is within the Roman Catholic Diocese of Brooklyn. Established on September 12, 1927, it educates in grades PK-8. The principal is Mrs. Frances DeLuca.
  • Al-Ihsan Academy, established in 1989 to provide education to the burgeoning Muslim populace of Ozone Park

مدارس مغلقة

  • Our Lady of Wisdom RC Secondary

الملحوظية

في الثقافة الشعبية

Ozone Park has served as the setting and subject of numerous media works.

أفلام:

التلفزيون:

أبرز الأحداث

أبرز السكان

جاك كرواك عاش فوق هذا المحل لبيع الزهور في أوزون بارك.

Notable current and former residents of Ozone Park include:

الهامش

  1. ^ أ ب "2008 Map of Queens neighborhoods". Archived from the original on July 31, 2008. Retrieved September 1, 2010.
  2. ^ "NYC Community Boards" (pdf). Retrieved October 16, 2009.
  3. ^ "Ozone Park". Wikimapia.
  4. ^ أ ب Queens Community Boards, مدينة نيويورك. Accessed September 3, 2007.
  5. ^ Liff, Bob (April 27, 1999). "WHERE CITY DREW THE LINE DOUBLE LIVES THE NORM IN BORDER NABE". New York Daily News. Retrieved October 16, 2009.
  6. ^ "Ozone Park" on the Queens Economic Development Corporation website
  7. ^ "Ozone" on the Merriam-Webster dictionary website
  8. ^ Centreville Forgotten New York
  9. ^ [1]
  10. ^ DALE EISINGER, RICH SCHAPIRO, ELLEN MOYNIHAN, LARRY MCSHANE, THOMAS TRACY (2016-08-13). "Queens imam and his assistant shot to death by gunman in attack local Muslims blame on Donald Trump: 'His drama has created Islamophobia'". نيويورك ديلي ميل.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  11. ^ Ozone Park: Changing faces - Article from NY Times
  12. ^ أ ب "Map of Queens neighborhoods". Archived from the original on August 22, 2008.
  13. ^ http://web.mta.info/nyct/maps/busqns.pdf
  14. ^ http://web.mta.info/maps/submap.html
  15. ^ "All About the Academy." Our Lady's Catholic Academy. September 24, 2009. Web. September 25, 2009.
  16. ^ أ ب Shaman, Diana. "If You're Thinking of Living In/Ozone Park; Changing Faces, Enduring Values", The New York Times, October 5, 2003. Accessed October 19, 2007. "It's a great community, said Councilman Joseph P. Addabbo Jr., who represents Ozone Park and lives there with his wife, Dawn.... At the foot of the tree-shaded enclave, which stretches from North Conduit Avenue to Pitkin Avenue and from 81st to 87th Streets, lies the 2.8-acre Joseph P. Addabbo Park, named after Representative Addabbo, a lifelong resident of Ozone Park who served in Congress from 1960 until his death in 1986."
  17. ^ O'Donnell, Michelle. "CITYPEOPLE; Remember Then", The New York Times, May 11, 2003. Accessed November 11, 2007. "...at which members of long-forgotten groups like the Elegants (from Staten Island) and the Capris (Ozone Park, Queens) examined the Italian-American influence on doo-wop."
  18. ^ Gerald Edelman - 1972 Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine, Israel High-Tech Magazine, July 1, 2005.
  19. ^ "Elizabeth Eden, Transsexual Who Figured in 1975 Movie", The New York Times, October 1, 1987. Accessed December 26, 2007.
  20. ^ Huang, Paul. "John Frascatore beefs up Lions' pitching", Taipei Times, August 15, 2003. Accessed October 18, 2007. "Contributing four of those 10 wins is former major leaguer John Frascatore of Ozone Park, New York (4-2 with a 2.05 ERA)."
  21. ^ 'Dapper Don' John Gotti dead: Brought down by the Bull, CNN.com, June 11, 2002.
  22. ^ "CAROL HEISS GAINS 3D WORLD CROWN IN FIGURE SKATING; Ozone Park Girl Adds to Her Compulsory Phase Lead in Free-Style Exhibition", The New York Times, February 16, 1958. Accessed November 11, 2007. "Carol Heiss of Ozone Park, Queens, Miss Personality of the ice, skated off with her third world figure skating championship tonight with a perfectly-executed freestyle exhibition."
  23. ^ Keighron, Robert. "My Vocation Story" (PDF). Vocation News. Roman Catholic Diocese of Brooklyn. Retrieved July 9, 2012.
  24. ^ http://www.queenstribune.com/feature/OnTheRoadinQueensJackKerou.html
  25. ^ "The Wizard of Ozone Park". Retrieved March 13, 2011.
  26. ^ Hoffman, Jan. "PUBLIC LIVES; She Just Wanted to Have Fun. And She's Having It.", The New York Times, December 31, 2003. Accessed October 10, 2007. "She found simpatico musicians to help her repossess the songs that reverberated through her childhood block in Ozone Park, Queens. And she felt ready to celebrate a lifetime of spirited dancing."
  27. ^ Artshound.com biography of Bernadette Peters, accessed December 16, 2006.
  28. ^ Connelly, Sherryl. "SURVIVING THE INFERNO The vital memoir of NYC's ex-Fire Commissioner", Daily News (New York), July 28, 2002. Accessed January 18, 2009. "After relating such immediate events, the book, which will be in stores Aug. 6, recounts Von Essen's life story. It's that of a boy from Ozone Park, Queens, who was adrift until he joined the Fire Department in 1970 at age 24."


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وصلات خارجية

40°40′13″N 73°50′18″W / 40.670198°N 73.838317°W / 40.670198; -73.838317

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