جائزة وولف في الفيزياء
(تم التحويل من Wolf Prize in Physics)
جائزة وولف في الفيزياء بالإنجليزية Wolf Prize in Physics ، هي جائزة سنوية تمنح من مؤسسة وولف. وهي واحدة من ست جوائز والتي تمنح من المؤسسة وذلك منذ عام 1978 ، وهم الكيمياء ، الزراعة ، الرياضيات ، الطب ، و الفنون. وتأتي جائزة وولف في الفيزياء مباشرة بعد جائزة نوبل.[1].
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الفائزون[2]
| Year | Name | Nationality | Citation |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1978 | Chien-Shiung Wu |  الولايات المتحدة /  تايوان
|
for her explorations of the weak interaction, helping establish the precise form and the non-conservation of parity for this natural force. |
| 1979 | George Eugene Uhlenbeck |  هولندا / الولايات المتحدة
|
for his discovery, jointly with the late S. A. Goudsmit, of the electron spin. |
| Giuseppe Occhialini |  إيطاليا
|
for his contributions to the discoveries of electron pair production and of the charged pion. | |
| 1980 | Michael E. Fisher Leo P. Kadanoff Kenneth G. Wilson |
 المملكة المتحدة الولايات المتحدة الولايات المتحدة
|
for pathbreaking developments culminating in the general theory of the critical behavior at transitions between the different thermodynamic phases of matter. |
| 1981 | Freeman J. Dyson Gerard 't Hooft Victor F. Weisskopf |
المملكة المتحدة / الولايات المتحدة; هولندا;  النمسا / الولايات المتحدة
|
for their outstanding contributions to theoretical physics, especially in the development and application of the quantum theory of fields. |
| 1982 | Leon M. Lederman Martin Lewis Perl |
الولايات المتحدة الولايات المتحدة
|
for their experimental discovery of unexpected new particles establishing a third generation of quarks and leptons. |
| 1983/84 | Erwin Hahn | الولايات المتحدة
|
for his discovery of nuclear spin echoes and for the phenomenon of self-induced transparency. |
| Peter B. Hirsch | المملكة المتحدة
|
for his development of the utilization of the transmission electron microscope as a universal instrument to study the structure of crystalline matter. | |
| Theodore H. Maiman | الولايات المتحدة
|
for his realization of the first operating laser, the pulsed three level ruby laser. | |
| 1985 | Conyers Herring Philippe Nozieres |
الولايات المتحدة  فرنسا
|
for their major contributions to the fundamental theory of solids, especially of the behaviour of electrons in metals. |
| 1986 | Mitchell J. Feigenbaum | الولايات المتحدة
|
for his pioneering theoretical studies demonstrating the universal character of non-linear systems, which has made possible the systematic study of chaos. |
| Albert J. Libchaber | فرنسا / الولايات المتحدة
|
for his brilliant experimental demonstration of the transition to turbulence and chaos in dynamic systems. | |
| 1987 | Herbert Friedman | الولايات المتحدة
|
for pioneering investigations in solar X-rays. |
| Bruno B. Rossi Riccardo Giacconi |
إيطاليا / الولايات المتحدة إيطاليا / الولايات المتحدة
|
for the discovery of extra-solar X-ray sources and the elucidation of their physical processes. | |
| 1988 | Roger Penrose Stephen W. Hawking |
المملكة المتحدة المملكة المتحدة
|
for their brilliant development of the theory of general relativity, in which they have shown the necessity for cosmological singularities and have elucidated the physics of black holes. In this work they have greatly enlarged our understanding of the origin and possible fate of the Universe. |
| 1989 | No award | ||
| 1990 | Pierre-Gilles de Gennes David J. Thouless |
فرنسا; المملكة المتحدة / الولايات المتحدة
|
for a wide variety of pioneering contributions to our understanding of the organization of complex condensed matter systems, de Gennes especially for his work on macromolecular matter and liquid crystals and Thouless for his on disordered and low-dimensional systems. |
| 1991 | Maurice Goldhaber Valentine L. Telegdi |
الولايات المتحدة;  سويسرا / الولايات المتحدة
|
for their separate seminal contributions to nuclear and particle physics, particularly those concerning the weak interactions involving leptons. |
| 1992 | Joseph H. Taylor, Jr. | الولايات المتحدة
|
for his discovery of an orbiting radio pulsar and its exploitation to verify the general theory of relativity to high precision. |
| 1993 | Benoît Mandelbrot | فرنسا / الولايات المتحدة
|
by recognizing the widespread occurrence of fractals and developing mathematical tools for describing them, he has changed our view of nature. |
| 1994/95 | Vitaly L. Ginzburg |  روسيا
|
for his contributions to the theory of superconductivity and to the theory of high-energy processes in astrophysics. |
| Yoichiro Nambu |  اليابان / الولايات المتحدة
|
for his contribution to elementary particle theory, including recognition of the role played by spontaneous symmetry breaking in analogy with superconductivity theory, and the discovery of the color symmetry of the strong interactions. | |
| 1995/96 | No award | ||
| 1996/97 | John Archibald Wheeler | الولايات المتحدة
|
for his seminal contributions to black holes physics, to quantum gravity, and to the theories of nuclear scattering and nuclear fission. |
| 1998 | Yakir Aharonov Michael V. Berry |
 إسرائيل المملكة المتحدة
|
for the discovery of quantum topological and geometrical phases. specifically the Aharonov–Bohm effect, the Berry phase, and their incorporation into many fields of physics. |
| 1999 | Dan Shechtman | إسرائيل
|
for the experimental discovery of quasi-crystals, non-periodic solids having long-range order, which inspired the exploration of a new fundamental state of matter. |
| 2000 | Raymond Davis, Jr. Masatoshi Koshiba |
الولايات المتحدة اليابان
|
for their pioneering observations of astronomical phenomena by detection of neutrinos, thus creating the emerging field of neutrino astronomy. |
| 2001 | No award | ||
| 2002/03 | Bertrand I. Halperin Anthony J. Leggett |
الولايات المتحدة; المملكة المتحدة / الولايات المتحدة
|
for key insights into the broad range of condensed matter physics: Leggett on superfluidity of the light helium isotope and macroscopic quantum phenomena; and Halperin on two- dimensional melting, disordered systems and strongly interacting electrons. |
| 2004 | Robert Brout François Englert Peter W. Higgs |
 بلجيكا بلجيكا المملكة المتحدة
|
for pioneering work that has led to the insight of mass generation whenever a local gauge symmetry is realized asymmetrically in the world of sub-atomic particles. |
| 2005 | Daniel Kleppner | الولايات المتحدة
|
for groundbreaking work in atomic physics of hydrogenic systems, including research on the hydrogen maser, Rydberg atoms and Bose–Einstein condensation. |
| 2006/07 | Albert Fert Peter Grünberg |
فرنسا  ألمانيا
|
for their independent discovery of the giant magnetoresistance phenomenon (GMR), thereby launching a new field of research and applications known as spintronics, which utilizes the spin of the electron to store and transport information. |
| 2008 | No award | ||
| 2009 | No award | ||
| 2010 | John F. Clauser Alain Aspect Anton Zeilinger |
الولايات المتحدة فرنسا النمسا
|
for their fundamental conceptual and experimental contributions to the foundations of quantum physics, specifically an increasingly sophisticated series of tests of Bell's inequalities, or extensions thereof, using entangled quantum states. |
| 2011 | Maximilian Haider Harald Rose Knut Urban |
النمسا ألمانيا ألمانيا
|
for their development of aberration-corrected electron microscopy, allowing the observation of individual atoms with picometer precision, thus revolutionizing materials science. |
| 2012 | Jacob D. Bekenstein | إسرائيل
|
for his work on black holes.[3] |
| 2013 | Peter Zoller Ignacio Cirac |
النمسا  إسپانيا
|
for groundbreaking theoretical contributions to quantum information processing, quantum optics and the physics of quantum gases. |
| 2014 | No award | ||
| 2015 | James D. Bjorken | الولايات المتحدة
|
for predicting scaling in deep inelastic scattering, leading to identification of nucleon's pointlike constituents. He made a crucial contribution for elucidating the nature of the strong force. |
| Robert P. Kirshner | الولايات المتحدة
|
for creating the group, environment and directions that allowed his graduate students and postdoctoral fellows to uncover the acceleration in the expansion of the universe. | |
| 2016 | Yoseph Imry | إسرائيل
|
for his work in mesoscopic physics – a branch of physics that studies objects that are smaller than macroscopic (visible to the naked eye) objects but bigger than atoms. |
| 2017 | Michel Mayor Didier Queloz |
سويسرا سويسرا
|
for the discovery of an extrasolar planet orbiting around a star similar to the sun. |
| 2018 | Charles H. Bennett Gilles Brassard |
الولايات المتحدة  كندا
|
for their collaborative work in the rapidly expanding field of quantum information science. |
| 2019 | No award | ||
| 2020 | Rafi Bistritzer Pablo Jarillo-Herrero Allan H. MacDonald |
إسرائيل إسپانيا كندا
|
for pioneering theoretical and experimental work on twisted bilayer graphene.[4] |
| 2021 | Giorgio Parisi | إيطاليا
|
for ground-breaking discoveries in disordered systems, particle physics and statistical physics.[5] |
المصادر
الكلمات الدالة: