قطار أراگوا

(تم التحويل من Tren de Aragua)
قطار أراگوا
Tren de Aragua
Tren de Aragua in Aurora, Colorado.png
أعضاء العصابة المسلحون في شقة بمدينة أورورا، كولورادو، بالولايات المتحدة.
تأسس2009–2010
مكان التأسيسأراگوا، ڤنزويلا
الإقليم
العضوية50.000+
الزعيمنينو گيريرو
الأنشطةالقتل، ابتزاز الحماية، الاتجار بالمخدرات، الاتجار بالبشر، الدعارة القسرية، تهريب البشر، الاختطاف مقابل فدية، سرقة المتاجر، السرقة بالإكراه, التعدين الغير شرعي، الرشوة، وغسيل الأموال[1][2]
الحلفاءPrimeiro Comando da Capital

قطار أراگوا (إسپانية: Tren de Aragua، إنگليزية: Aragua Train)، هي منظمة إجرامية ڤنزويلية،، مصنفة في الولايات المتحدة كمنظمة إرهابية[3] ويعتقد أن عدد أعضائها أكثر من 5.000 شخص.[4] يتزعمها هيكتور روسثنفورد گيريرو، وشهرته "نينو گيريرو"؛ الذي كان مسجوناً في سجن توكورون، الذي يعتبر بمثابة المقر الرئيسي الفعلي للمنظمة. منذ ذلك الحين توسع نشاط العصابة في جميع أنحاء أمريكا اللاتينية والولايات المتحدة بسبب أزمة اللاجئين الڤنزويليين، مع نمو العصابة بعد هجرة الڤنزويليين إلى الدول المضيفة.[4][5] ونظرا لخطورة جرائمها، أصبحت مكافحة العصابة أولوية بالنسبة للعديد من الدول التي دخلتها عصابة قطار أراگوا.[4] على الرغم من أن قوات الأمن الڤنزويلية سيطرت على سجن توكورون عام 2023، إلا أن قيادة العصابة تمكنت من الفرار وتستمر أنشطة العصابة حتى يومنا هذا.


الوصف

أوشام عصابة قطار أراگوا


أعضاء العصابة هم في الأساس ڤنزويليون. Although some members have tattoos, Tren De Aragua does not have tattoos that actually signify membership, such as the Maras in Central America, MS13 or 18th Street. Tren de Aragua is more similar to the other criminal organizations in South America, such as the Medellin Cartel or Cali Cartel، الذين لا يستخدمون الوشم لتمييز أعضائهم. وهذا يحمي أعضاء العصابة من التعرف عليهم عليهم بسهولة.[4]


العمليات

تواجد العصابة في الأمريكتين.
     تواجد مؤكد
     أفادت تقارير بتواجدها.

Tren de Aragua is also the first Venezuelan criminal organization to expand abroad; it has a presence in Colombia, Brazil, Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia, Panama, Costa Rica, Chile, Mexico, Trinidad and Tobago, and the United States. It holds a particularly dominant role in human-trafficking and human smuggling in Latin America.[6] The organization engages in a variety of criminal activities, such as arms trafficking, bribery, drug-trafficking, illegal mining, kidnappings-for-ransom, and money laundering.[4][7] The gang has alliances with Primeiro Comando da Capital in Brazil.[7]

تشيلي

Tren de Aragua's branch in Chile is known as "the Pirates of Aragua".[8] Amidst the Tarapacá migrant crisis in northern Chile, Tren de Aragua engaged in trafficking of women across from the Bolivian border to Santiago.[9][10] By October 2021 there were reports that Chilean authorities were conducting four different investigations related to the criminal organization.[10] On March 24, 2022 Investigations Police of Chile (PDI) declared to have dismantled the Chilean branch of Tren de Aragua.[9] One of the Tren de Aragua members captured in March 2022 had Interpol arrest warrants for murders in Venezuela and Peru.[11] Six other migrant traffickers of Tren de Aragua were also captured in March 2022 by Chilean police.[11] The leader of Chile's Tren de Aragua branch, Rafael Gámez, was arrested in the U.S. state of Texas in December 2024 on charges of human trafficking. Chile initiated proceedings to extradite Gámez.[8]

On 11 April 2024, Chilean authorities implicated the Tren de Aragua in the murder of Ronald Ojeda, a Venezuelan political dissident and opponent to Nicolás Maduro who had been living in exile in Chile.[12] Ronald was kidnapped on 21 February and his body was discovered 10 days later inside a bag which had been cemented over.[12] Chilean authorities accused Venezuela's interior minister, Diosdado Cabello, of ordering Tren de Aragua to carry out the killing and paying the assassins.[8]

پيرو

Due to Tren de Aragua's heavy presence in Lima, increased sentiments of xenophobia against Venezuelans from Peruvians resulted.[13] Following clashes between Peruvians and Venezuelan migrants at the Gamarra Market in Lima, the "Los Gallegos" chapter of the Tren de Aragua released a video stating "There will be no peace for Peruvians who support xenophobia. We will begin to kill all the Peruvian motorized people", threatening to kill Peruvian motortaxi drivers.[14] In 2023 alone, at least 183 suspected members were arrested.[5]

الولايات المتحدة

Tren de Aragua began emerging throughout the United States during the early 2020s, which saw a surge of migrants crossing the Mexico-U.S. border, particularly from Venezuela.[15] Telemundo, citing multiple criminal cases against suspected members of the gang, wrote in March 2024 that the group evidently "also has an increasingly widespread presence in the United States."[16] In January 2024, the Federal Bureau of Investigation confirmed reports that the gang was operating in the United States.[17] On July 11, 2024, the US Treasury Department and the White House announced sanctions against the gang and designated it a "transnational criminal organization". The State Department is also offering a $12 million reward for information leading to the arrest of the organization's leaders.[18] In 2024, U.S. officials at the U.S.-Mexico border implemented enhanced interviews of single Venezuelan male migrants in order to screen for Tren de Aragua members. Tren de Aragua members have been linked to crimes throughout the United States, including murders.[1]

Tren de Aragua first appeared in Chicago and its suburbs in October 2023.[4][19] Chief Garry McCarthy of Willow Springs estimated that hundreds of gang members were present in the city.[19] The Chicago Sun-Times reported in November 2023 that "A Sun-Times analysis found shoplifting and domestic violence arrests, but little proof of the gang's presence among migrants."[20]

In New York City, the gang has been linked to shootings, thefts in retail stores, street robberies, forced prostitution, extortion, and drug dealing.[1][15][21] Members of the gang frequently live or have lived in the city's migrant shelters. The New York Times reported that Tren de Aragua is believed to recruit new gang members from within the migrant shelters.[15]

In Aurora, Colorado, surveillance footage of gunmen attempting to enter apartments went viral,[22][23] leading the city's mayor, Mike Coffman, to state that the gang had "infiltrated" various apartment buildings in the area.[24] Such claims were downplayed by the Aurora Police Department, which stated that, "[b]ased on [their] initial investigative work, we believe reports of [Tren de Aragua] influence in Aurora are isolated."[22] Claims that Aurora was overrun by the gang were highlighted on right-wing news outlets. President Donald Trump, as part of his presidential campaign's focus on illegal immigration, claimed parts of the city were controlled by the gang.[25]

FBI agents in El Paso, Texas reported that 41 suspected members of the Tren de Aragua were arrested in 2023.[26]

In 2024, the Salt Lake City metropolitan area experienced an uptick of crime linked to Tren de Aragua, including a September 2024 shooting in Herriman. Most, if not all, of the reported crimes, including theft, illegal drug distribution, and sextortion, was “gang-on-gang”.[27]

The gang was prominently featured in Donald Trump's 2024 presidential campaign. An opinion piece in Americas Quarterly said that Tren de Aragua's reach in the United States was in fact exaggerated, with the gang only having permanent cells outside of Venezuela in Peru and Chile, and even having limited success in setting up operations in Venezuela's neighboring country of Colombia.[28]

In 2025, after federal agents stormed the complex in Aurora, Denver, the Drug Enforcement Administration said they'd arrested a suspected member of the feared Tren de Aragua. [28]

On Wednesday, January 29th, 2025, 8 Tren de Aragua gang members were arrested at an apartment complex in Queens, New York. 2 others were wanted outstanding. Police seized 36 firearms in the bust.[بحاجة لمصدر]

ڤنزويلا

In addition to its home state of Aragua, the organization has a presence in other states in Venezuela, such as Carabobo, Sucre, Bolívar, Guárico, Trujillo and Miranda.[بحاجة لمصدر]

In September 2023, 11,000 members of the Venezuelan security forces took the Aragua Penitentiary Center, which served as the gang's headquarters.[29][30]

انظر أيضاً

المصادر

  1. ^ أ ب ت "Venezuelan Gang's Path to U.S. Stokes Fear, Crime and Border Politics". The New York Times. September 22, 2024.
  2. ^ Klug, Johann (22 August 2022). "'Los Malditos del Tren de Aragua', la organización criminal que opera en Perú y que tiene más de 2.500 miembros". Infobae (in الإسبانية الأوروبية).
  3. ^ orinat2 (2025-01-21). "Designating Cartels And Other Organizations As Foreign Terrorist Organizations And Specially Designated Global Terrorists". The White House (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). Retrieved 2025-01-21.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  4. ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح "La megabanda delictiva el Tren de Aragua ya está en ciudades de EE.UU. como Chicago y Miami: qué se sabe y qué implica" [The Tren de Aragua mega-criminal gang is already in US cities such as Chicago and Miami: what is known and what it entails]. Telemundo (in الإسبانية). 2024-01-26. Retrieved 2024-03-07.
  5. ^ أ ب Chavez Yacila, Rosa; Castile, Oscar; Cardenas, Abel; Huaman, Gianfranco (2023-08-11). "Tren de Aragua: expansión y evolución de una megafranquicia del crimen en América Latina" [Tren de Aragua: Expansion and evolution of a mega crime franchise in Latin America]. Ojo Público (in الإسبانية). Retrieved 2024-03-07.
  6. ^ "1: Americas". Armed Conflict Study. 9 (1): 18–64. 31 December 2023. doi:10.1080/23740973.2023.2277530. ISSN 2374-0973.
  7. ^ أ ب "1: Americas". Armed Conflict Survey (in الإنجليزية). 8 (1): 39–101. 2022-12-31. doi:10.1080/23740973.2022.2135784. ISSN 2374-0973.
  8. ^ أ ب ت "Chile Accuses Top Venezuelan Official of Ordering Dissident's Assassination". The Wall Street Journal (in الإنجليزية). 23 January 2025.
  9. ^ أ ب ""Tren de Aragua", peligrosa banda de Venezuela" ["Tren de Aragua", a dangerous gang from Venezuela]. swissinfo.ch (in Spanish). EFE. 2022-03-24. Retrieved 2022-04-07.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  10. ^ أ ب "El Tren de Aragua ya opera en Chile: la peligrosa banda criminal venezolana está involucrada en el tráfico de miles de migrantes" [The Tren de Aragua is already operating in Chile: the dangerous Venezuelan criminal gang is involved in the trafficking of thousands of migrants]. Infobae (in Spanish). 2021-10-23. Retrieved 2022-04-07.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  11. ^ أ ب Díaz Montero, Felipe (2022-03-24). "Secuestros con homicidios en Chile: cae brazo del "Tren de Aragua", banda más grande de Venezuela" [Kidnappings with homicides in Chile: the arm of the "Tren de Aragua", the largest gang in Venezuela, is taken down]. Radio Bío-Bío (in Spanish). Retrieved 2022-04-06.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  12. ^ أ ب "La protesta de Chile contra Venezuela por el caso del asesinato del exmilitar Ronald Ojeda" (in الإسبانية). 6 June 2024. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
  13. ^ "Bandas de extorsionistas venezolanos provocan violentas reacciones en Perú" [Venezuelan extortion gangs provoke violent reactions in Peru]. InSight Crime (in الإسبانية الأوروبية). 2023-11-13. Retrieved 2024-01-12.
  14. ^ Jama, Ramón (2023-11-02). "Facción del Tren de Aragua amenaza de muerte a mototaxistas de Lima: "No habrá paz para peruanos que apoyen la xenofobia"" [Tren de Aragua faction threatens Lima motorcycle taxi drivers with death: "There will be no peace for Peruvians who support xenophobia"]. Emol (in Spanish). Retrieved 2024-01-12.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  15. ^ أ ب ت "A Venezuelan Gang Reaches New York". The New York Times. September 23, 2024. Archived from the original on November 10, 2024.
  16. ^ "Vinculan con la banda criminal Tren de Aragua al hermano del migrante detenido en Georgia por la muerte de una universitaria" [Brother of migrant detained in Georgia for the death of a university student linked to the Tren de Aragua criminal gang]. Telemundo (in الإسبانية). 2024-03-08. Retrieved 2024-03-11.
  17. ^ "El FBI sostiene que Tren de Aragua opera en EE.UU | Video" [FBI claims Tren de Aragua operates in the US | Video]. CNN (in الإسبانية). 2024-01-26. Retrieved 2024-03-11.
  18. ^ "Explainer: What is the Venezuelan prison gang Tren de Aragua? | Video". Reuters (in الإنجليزية). 2024-07-11. Retrieved 2024-07-13.
  19. ^ أ ب Reyes, Mariana (2024-01-23). "Miembros de la temida banda criminal Tren de Aragua ya están en Chicago, según autoridades" [Members of the feared criminal gang Tren de Aragua are already in Chicago, according to authorities]. Telemundo Chicago (in الإسبانية). Retrieved 2024-03-07.
  20. ^ "Despite internal police alerts, scant evidence of violent gang members among Venezuelan migrants in Chicago". Chicago Sun-Times. 2023-11-10. Retrieved 2024-03-31.
  21. ^ Gaskins, Kayla (2024-02-27). "Gangs in US cities recruiting illegal migrants, spurs politicians to pivot on policy". KGAN (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2024-03-07.
  22. ^ أ ب Mason, Tori (2024-08-30). "Venezuelan gang activity confirmed by Aurora officials after release of Colorado woman's surveillance video". CBS News (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). Retrieved 2024-09-01.
  23. ^ "Aurora names 3 in viral video, Venezuelan gang connections unknown". 20 September 2024.
  24. ^ McKinley, Carol (2024-08-29). "Aurora Mayor Mike Coffman admits Venezuelan gangs infiltrated apartment complexes in city". Denver Gazette (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2024-09-01.
  25. ^ "Aurora names 3 in viral video, Venezuelan gang connections unknown". 20 September 2024.
  26. ^ "El Tren de Aragua está en Estados Unidos, dice agente del FBI de El Paso, Texas". CNN (in الإسبانية). 2024-01-26. Retrieved 2024-03-11.
  27. ^ KUTV, Brian Mullahy (2024-11-22). "Herriman shooting now linked to notorious gang Tren de Aragua". KUTV (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2024-11-24.
  28. ^ أ ب Larratt-Smith, Charles; Polga-Hecimovich, John (December 9, 2024). "How Much of a Threat is Tren de Aragua in the U.S.?". American Quarterly. Retrieved January 3, 2024. خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صالح؛ الاسم "status" معرف أكثر من مرة بمحتويات مختلفة.
  29. ^ "Con 11.000 agentes, Venezuela desalojó una cárcel copada por la "delincuencia organizada" ¡". Télam. 20 September 2023.
  30. ^ Zulia, El Regional del (2023-09-20). "Murió mayor de la GNB durante operativo en Tocorón". El Regional Del Zulia (in الإسبانية). Retrieved 2023-09-22.
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