الشركة الوطنية لتكرير وتوزيع نفط إيران

Iran's Abadan Refinery, built 1913.

الشركة الوطنية لتكرير وتوزيع نفط إيران (NIORDC) is part of the Ministry of Petroleum of Iran. NIORDC was established on 8 March 1991 and undertook to perform all operations relating to refining and distribution of oil products.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

المسئوليات والواجبات (في 2009)

  • Refining crude oil and producing a variety of oil products.
  • Transferring crude oil from production bases and “Khazar Terminal” to the refineries and also transferring oil products from refineries and import bases to distribution procurement depots and distribution centres.
  • Performing all refining projects and schemes, transfer and storing.
  • Production, transfer and distribution of 250 million litres (66,000,000 US gallons; 55,000,000 imperial gallons) of oil products per day.
  • Daily export of around 60 million litres (16,000,000 US gallons; 13,000,000 imperial gallons) of oil products abroad via oil terminals.
  • Providing different sectors – industry, agriculture and power plants – with fuel and feed regularly e.g. petrochemical complexes.
  • Providing consuming fuel to residential sector, business sector in urban and the peasantry communities all over the country.
  • Providing more than 7 million vehicles – heavy and light – in the transportation sector with their required daily fuel.


المنشآت والقدرات

انظر أيضاً: الشركة الوطنية لصناعة البتروكيماويات (إيران)
Iran's gasoline and gas-oil production and consumption projection (2008-2012)
مصفاة طهران للنفط

As of 2010, NIORDC had 19 subsidiaries and affiliated companies, including 9 oil existing refineries.[1] Between 2007 and 2012, oil refining capacity for crude oil and gas condensate would increase from 1,600,000 barrels per day (250,000 m3/d) to 3,300,000 barrels per day (520,000 m3/d).[2] By 2009, Iran had a total refining capacity of 1,860,000 barrels per day (296,000 m3/d).[3]

Crude Oil Refining capacity (2009)[4] (in process of being upgraded)[5]
Refinery Installed Capacity (bbl/d)
Abadan 350,000
إصفهان 280,000
Arak (Imam-Khomeini) 250,000
بندر عباس 230,000
Tehran (Shahid Tondgouyan) 220,000 (Euro 5 compliant by 2012)[بحاجة لمصدر]
Arvand Oil Refinery 120,000
Lavan Island 63,000 (Since 2012)
Tabriz 100
Kermanshah 40
Shiraz 30
Total: 1.45 Mbbl/d (231,000 m3/d).
Present Refinery Products - 2007[2]
Oil Products KBPD (thousand barrel per day) Percent
Gasoline 283 17%
Gas oil 511 32%
Kerosene (Jet fuel) 136 8%
Fuel oil 457 29%
LPG 50 3%
Others 184 11%

المنشآت الأخرى:

  • Fourteen thousand kilometers of crude oil and oil product transfer pipelines.
  • 150 pumping stations.
  • Oil industry telecommunication network.
  • Operational zones for pipelines and telecommunication.
  • 35 operational zones for NIOPDC.
  • 220 operational areas for NIOPDC.
  • Storage tank installations with 10 billion litres (2.6×109 US gallons; 2.2×109 imperial gallons) capacity (2009).[بحاجة لمصدر] As of 2010, the storage capacity of oil products in the country was around 11.5 billion litres (3.0×109 US gallons; 2.5×109 imperial gallons).

واردات الوقود

انظر أيضاً: 2007 Gas Rationing Plan in Iran, Smuggling in Iran, and Sanctions against Iran

Major gasoline suppliers to Iran historically have been India, Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan, the Netherlands, France, Singapore, and the United Arab Emirates.[6][7] The Financial Times reported that Vitol, Glencore, Trafigura and other (western) companies had since stopped supplying petrol to Iran because of international sanctions.[8] In 2006, Vitol, a MNC based in Switzerland, supplied Iran with 60% of its total gasoline cargo imports.[6]

  • Average daily gasoline consumption stood at 73 million litres (19,000,000 US gallons; 16,000,000 imperial gallons) in 2006 but fell to 64 million litres (17,000,000 US gallons; 14,000,000 imperial gallons) per day in 2007 concurrent with gasoline rationing plan and to 61 million litres (16,000,000 US gallons; 13,000,000 imperial gallons) after the full implementation of the first phase of the subsidy reforms plan.[9] Gasoline production would reach 70 million litres (18,000,000 US gallons; 15,000,000 imperial gallons) per day in 2013.[9]
  • In 2008 Iran has imported nearly 40% of its market needs because of lack of refining capacity and contraband.[بحاجة لمصدر]
  • In 2009, Iran spent paid $11 billion on imported fuel.[بحاجة لمصدر] In 2010, gasoline import declined to 30% of its market needs at 25 million litres (6,600,000 US gallons; 5,500,000 imperial gallons) of gasoline and 11 million litres (2,900,000 US gallons; 2,400,000 imperial gallons) of diesel fuel per day.[10][11]
  • In September 2010, Iran claimed that it has stopped importing gasoline according to the domestic capacity expansion plans.[12] This statement was later denied by the government of Hassan Rouhani.[13]
  • As of July 2010, Iran produces between 280,000 barrels (45,000 m3) and 285,000 barrels (45,300 m3) of gasoline a day and until recently had acquired the remaining 30 percent, which is about 115,000 barrels per day (18,300 m3/d) to 120,000 barrels per day (19,000 m3/d), through big oil companies.[بحاجة لمصدر]
  • In 2014 Iran will import 10–11 million litres (2,600,000–2,900,000 US gallons; 2,200,000–2,400,000 imperial gallons) of gasoline per day overall,[14] including 8–10 million litres (2,100,000–2,600,000 US gallons; 1,800,000–2,200,000 imperial gallons) of premium gasoline from India per day because some of the gasoline produced domestically does not meet the Euro-5 quality standards[15] (and also because of the fuel smuggling/price differential with neighboring countries.)
  • In 2016, fuel imports decreased 50% to about 4 million litres (1,100,000 US gallons; 880,000 imperial gallons) per day on average thanks to falling oil prices (i.e. falling price differential with neighboring countries and consequent fall in the smuggling activity).[16]
Oil product increase projection for gasoline, gas-oil, kerosene, LPG (2007-2012)
Iran: Company (Country) Source of Gasoline Imports[4]
2008 2009
BP (UK) CNPC (China)
ENOC (UAE) Glencore (Switzerland)
Glencore (Switzerland) IPG (Kuwait)
IPG (Kuwait) Litasco (Russia)
MEP (UAE) Petronas (Malaysia)
Reliance Industries (India) Reliance Industries (India)
Shell (Netherlands) Shell (Netherlands)
SPC (Singapore) Total (France)
Total (France) Trafigura (Switzerland)
Trafigura (Switzerland) Vitol (Switzerland)
Vitol (Switzerland) Zhenhua Oil (China)

المنشآت الحديثة

انظر أيضاً: List of oil refineries § Iran, and Iranian Economic Reform Plan

While the country remains dependent on small gasoline and diesel imports, net gasoline imports in 2013 averaged only 33 000 bpd. This compares to refined product imports of 182 000 bpd in 2009, of which two thirds was gasoline (approximately 132 000 bpd).[17]

New Planned Refineries by the public sector (as at 2010)
Refinery Location Refining capacity[18] Estimated costs [19] Estimated completion date[19]
Khuzestan refinery (privately owned) Arvand Free Zone, near Abadan 180,000 barrels per day (29,000 m3/d). The refinery will refine the heavy crude oil produced in Azadegan and Yadavaran oil fields. It will also produce 10 million litres (2,600,000 US gallons; 2,200,000 imperial gallons) of super gasoline complying with Euro IV standard, 12.6 million litres (3,300,000 US gal; 2,800,000 imp gal) of diesel oil, 3 million litres (790,000 US gal; 660,000 imp gal) of jet fuel, 5 million litres (1,300,000 US gal; 1,100,000 imp gal) of liquefied gas, and 440 tonnes (430 long tons; 490 short tons) of sulfur. 2.9 billion euros 2012
The Persian Gulf Star refinery Assalouyeh 360,000 of gas condensates per day and to produce gasoline, jet fuel, and other valuable products. 2.5 billion euros 2010
Shahriar refinery Tabriz 150,000 barrels per day (24,000 m3/d); gasoline production: 70,000 barrels per day (11,000 m3/d) 1.2 billion euros 2012
Anahita refinery Kermanshah Province 150,000 barrels per day (24,000 m3/d) 1.3 billion euros 2012
Hormoz refinery Bandar Abbas 300,000 barrels (48,000 m3) of heavy and extra heavy crude oil $4.3 billion 2012
Caspian refinery Gorgan, Golestan Province 300,000 barrels (48,000 m3) of crude oil; 20 million litres (5,300,000 US gal; 4,400,000 imp gal) of gasoline, 11 million litres (2,900,000 US gal; 2,400,000 imp gal) of gas oil from Caspian Sea countries with exports to Turkey, Afghanistan and Pakistan $4 billion 2013
Pars refinery Shiraz 120,000 barrels per day (19,000 m3/d) 800 million euros 2012
New Planned Refineries by the private sector (as at 2010)[20]
Refinery Location Refining capacity Estimated costs Completion date
Yasouj refinery Yasouj 150,000 barrels per day (24,000 m3/d). The refinery will produce petrol, gasoil, kerosene, furnace oil, liquefied gas, asphalt, and sulfur.[21] $2.2 billion 2014

Planned in 2011, Qeshm refinery (capable of processing heavy crude oil) will have an output capacity of 30,000 barrels a day of light oil products and will become operational by 2014.[22]

الشركات الفرعية

انظر أيضاً: Privatization of the petroleum industry in Iran

The NIORDC subsidiaries are as follows:

  • National Iranian Oil Products Distribution Co.
  • Management of Construction & Development of "CNG" Stations Co.
  • National Iranian Oil Engineering and Construction Co. (NIOEC)
  • Oil Pipeline and Telecommunication Co.
  • Oil Refining Co.

انظر أيضاً


. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

المراجع

  1. ^ "NIORDC - National Iranian Oil Refining and Distribution Company". NIORDC. Retrieved 6 February 2012.
  2. ^ أ ب "NIORDC - National Iranian Oil Refining and Distribution Company". NIORDC. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 6 February 2012.
  3. ^ Statistical review of world energy full report 2010 BP.
  4. ^ أ ب "Iran". U.S. Energy Information Administration. Archived from the original on 31 March 2008. Retrieved 6 February 2012.
  5. ^ "Iran's Gasoline Production to Rise by 23 ml/d Next Year". Shana. Archived from the original on 9 March 2012. Retrieved 6 February 2012.
  6. ^ أ ب Organization fpc.state.gov[dead link]
  7. ^ Kittrie, Orde F. (13 November 2008). "How to Put the Squeeze on Iran". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 6 February 2012.
  8. ^ "World's biggest oil trader ends supplies to Iran: company". AFP. 8 March 2010. Retrieved 6 February 2012.
  9. ^ أ ب http://english.farsnews.com/newstext.php?nn=9104254519[dead link]
  10. ^ Erdbrink, Thomas; Lynch, Colum (23 June 2010). "Iran is ready for planned U.S. sanctions targeting fuel imports, analysts say". The Washington Post. Retrieved 6 February 2012.
  11. ^ "Sanctions And Iran's Achilles Heel". Payvand. Retrieved 6 February 2012.
  12. ^ "Iran Claims It Has Started Exporting Gasoline". Payvand. Retrieved 6 February 2012.
  13. ^ Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: "Minster of oil : We have always imported 5 to 7 million liter of fuel ( Benzine) !". YouTube.
  14. ^ "Gasoline consumption in Iran hits all-time record high".
  15. ^ "Iran plans to import 10 million liters of Indian premium gasoline per day - Tehran Times". www.tehrantimes.com. Archived from the original on 2013-09-20.
  16. ^ "Iran halves gasoline imports - Mehr News Agency". 15 October 2016.
  17. ^ "Iran on verge of fuel self-sufficiency: Business Monitor International - Tehran Times". tehrantimes.com. Archived from the original on 2014-10-31.
  18. ^ "Iran: Construction of 7 refineries moving ahead". Payvand. Retrieved 6 February 2012.
  19. ^ أ ب "NIORDC - National Iranian Oil Refining & Distribution Company". NIORDC. Retrieved 6 February 2012.
  20. ^ "Country Overview" (PDF). Iran Investment. 4 (50). November 2010. Retrieved 26 January 2014.
  21. ^ "Iran's first private refinery". Tehran Times. 13 October 2010. Retrieved 6 February 2012.
  22. ^ "Market Overview". Iran Investment. 6 (61). October 2011.

وصلات خارجية

تمّ الاسترجاع من "https://www.marefa.org/w/index.php?title=الشركة_الوطنية_لتكرير_وتوزيع_نفط_إيران&oldid=3951421"