المعرض الوطني

Coordinates: 51°30′31″N 0°07′42″W / 51.5086°N 0.1283°W / 51.5086; -0.1283
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(تم التحويل من National Gallery)
المعرض الوطني
Galería Nacional, Londres, Inglaterra, 2014-08-07, DD 035.JPG
المعرض الوطني، ميدان ترافالگار.
المعرض الوطني is located in وسط لندن
المعرض الوطني
Location within وسط لندن
تأسس1824; 200 years ago (1824
الموقعميدان ترافالگار
لندن، WC2
المملكة المتحدة
الإحداثيات51°30′31″N 0°07′42″W / 51.5086°N 0.1283°W / 51.5086; -0.1283
الزوار5,908,254 (2015)[1][2]
المديرگابريل فينالدي
المواصلات العامةLondon Underground قالب:Lus
National Rail Charing Cross
Detailed information below
الموقع الإلكترونيwww.nationalgallery.org.uk

المعرض الوطني National Gallery، هو متحف فن في ميدان ترافالگار، مدينة وستمنستر، وسط لندن. تأسس عام 1824، ويضم مجموعة لأكثر من 2.300 لوحة يرجع تاريخيها من أواسط القرن 13 حتى عام 1900.[a]


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التاريخ

الدعوة لتأسيس المعرض الوطني

Realistic painting of a robed figure, arms extended, standing outside on a small platform among people doing various things such as talking to each other, but most of whom are looking at him.
The Raising of Lazarus by Sebastiano del Piombo, from the collection of John Julius Angerstein. This became the founding collection of the National Gallery in 1824. The painting has the accession number NG1, making it officially the first painting to enter the Gallery.



التأسيس والتاريخ المبكر

Drawing of a three storied building, seen from the street. Women in long dresses date the picture.
100 Pall Mall, the home of the National Gallery from 1824 to 1834



التطور تحت إدارة إيستلاك وخلفاؤه

The Baptism of Christ by Piero della Francesca, one of Eastlake's purchases



أوائل القرن 20

Realistic painting of a nude woman seen from behind, reclining on a couch. She is looking at her reflection in a mirror held by a winged child.
Venus at her Mirror (The Rokeby Venus) by Diego Velázquez



الحرب العالمية الثانية

Paintings being evacuated from the National Gallery during the Second World War


تطورات ما بعد الحرب

Painting of a man happening upon a group of nude women, bathing in a grotto-like space.
Titian’s Diana and Actaeon, bought in 2008, jointly with the National Gallery of Scotland
Painting of two groups of mostly nude women; on the right, the goddess Diana points accusingly at a woman in the left group who lies on the floor in a state of distress.
Titian’s Diana and Callisto, bought in 2012, jointly with the National Gallery of Scotland



فنانون مشاركون
Paula Rego 1989–1990
Ken Kiff 1991–1993
پيتر بلاك 1994–1996
Ana Maria Pacheco 1997–1999
Ron Mueck 2000–2002
John Virtue 2003–2005
أليسون واط 2006–2008
Michael Landy 2009–2013
جورج شاو 2014–


العمارة

مبنى وليام ويلكنز

المعرض الوطني
William Wilkins's building.JPG
The Wilkins Building, with the church of St Martin-in-the-Fields to the right
بـُنِيَ1832–8
المعماريWilliam Wilkins
النمط المعماريNeoclassical
Listed Building – Grade I
الاسم الرسميNational Gallery
التوصيف5 February 1970
الرقم المرجعي1066236[4]




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التعديل والتوسع (پنثرون، باري وتايلور)

القرن 20: التحديث مقابل الاسترجاع

The Awakening of the Muses (1933), a mosaic by Boris Anrep.


جناح سانسبري والإضافات اللاحقة

See adjacent text.
The Sainsbury Wing, as built, seen from Trafalgar Square


The main enfilade of the Sainsbury Wing



جدل

The restoration of Titian's Bacchus and Ariadne from 1967 to 1968 was a controversial restoration at the National Gallery, due to concern that the painting's tonality had been thrown out of balance.[5]


An 1847 Punch cartoon by John Leech depicting the restoration controversy then ongoing



قائمة مديري المعرض الوطني

الاسم في المنصب
سير Charles Lock Eastlake 1855–1865
سير William Boxall 1866–1874
سير Frederick William Burton 1874–1894
سير Edward Poynter 1894–1904
سير Charles Holroyd 1906–1916
سير Charles Holmes 1916–1928
سير Augustus Daniel 1929–1933
سير Kenneth Clark 1934–1945
سير Philip Hendy 1946–1967
سير Martin Davies 1968–1973
سير Michael Levey 1973–1986
Neil MacGregor 1987–2002
Charles Saumarez Smith 2002–2007
سير Nicholas Penny 2008–2015
گابريل فينالدي 2015–

مجموعات مختارة

وسائل المواصلات

الخدمة المحطة/الوقوف الخطوط/الطرق المسافة
من المعرض الوطني
حافلات لندن ملف:Buses roundel (no text).svg Trafalgar Square / Charing Cross Station Handicapped/disabled access 24, 29, 176
Trafalgar Square Handicapped/disabled access 6, 9, 13, 15, 23, 139
Trafalgar Square / Charing Cross Station Handicapped/disabled access 3, 12, 88, 159, 453
Trafalgar Square Handicapped/disabled access 3, 6, 12, 13, 15, 23, 88, 139, 159, 453
London Underground London Underground Charing Cross Bakerloo line
Northern line
Embankment Bakerloo line
Circle line
District line
Northern line
0.3-mile walk[6]
National Rail National Rail Charing Cross Handicapped/disabled access Southeastern (train operating company) 0.2-mile walk[7]


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انظر أيضاً

الهوامش

a. ^  Sculptures and applied art are in the Victoria and Albert Museum, the British Museum houses earlier art, non-Western art, prints and drawings, and art of a later date is at Tate Modern. Some British art is in the National Gallery, but the National Collection of British Art is mainly in Tate Britain.
b. ^  St Martin's Workhouse (to the east) was cleared for the construction of E. M. Barry's extension, whereas St George's Barracks stayed until 1911, supposedly because of the need for troops to be at hand to quell disturbances in Trafalgar Square. (Conlin 2006, p. 401) Wilkins hoped for more land to the south, but was denied it as building there would have obscured the view of St Martin-in-the-Fields.
c. ^  They are as follows: above the main entrance, a blank roundel (originally to feature the Duke of Wellington's face) flanked by two female figures (personifications of Europe and Asia/India, sites of his campaigns) and high up on the eastern façade, Minerva by John Flaxman, originally Britannia.

المصادر

الحواشي

  1. ^ "Visits made in 2015 to visitor attractions in membership with ALVA". ALVA. Retrieved 9 March 2016.
  2. ^ أ ب Latest Visitor Figures, ALVA, 2014. Retrieved on 10 July 2014.
  3. ^ Top 100 Art Museum Attendance, The Art Newspaper, 2014. Retrieved on 10 July 2014.
  4. ^ قالب:National Heritage List for England
  5. ^ Bomford 1997, p. 72
  6. ^ Walking directions to the National Gallery from Embankment tube station
  7. ^ Walking directions to the National Gallery from Charing Cross station

المراجع

Barker, Felix; Hyde, Ralph (1982), London As It Might Have Been, London: John Murray 
Bomford, David (1997), Conservation of Paintings, London: National Gallery Company 
Bosman, Suzanne (2008), The National Gallery in Wartime, London: National Gallery Company 
Conlin, Jonathan (2006), The Nation's Mantelpiece: A History of the National Gallery, London: Pallas Athene 
Crookham, Alan (2009), The National Gallery. An Illustrated History, London: National Gallery Company 
Crookham, Alan (2012), "The Turner Bequest at the National Gallery", in Warrell, Ian, Turner Inspired: In the light of Claude, New Haven and London: Yale University Press, pp. 51–65 
Gaskell, Ivan (2000), Vermeer's Wager: Speculations on Art History, Theory and Art Museums, London: Reaktion 
Gentili, Augusto; Barcham, William; Whiteley, Linda (2000), Paintings in the National Gallery, London: Little, Brown & Co. 
Jencks, Charles (1991), Post-Modern Triumphs in London, London and New York: Academy Editions, St. Martin's Press 
Langmuir, Erika (2005), The National Gallery Companion Guide, London and New Haven: Yale University Press 
Liscombe, R. W. (1980), William Wilkins, 1778–1839, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 
MacGregor, Neil (2004), "A Pentecost in Trafalgar Square", in Cuno, James, Whose Muse? Art Museums and the Public Trust, Princeton and Cambridge: Princeton University Press and Harvard University Art Museums, pp. 27–49 
Oliver, Lois (2004), Boris Anrep: The National Gallery Mosaics, London: National Gallery Company 
Penny, Nicholas (2008), National Gallery Catalogues (new series): The Sixteenth Century Italian Paintings, Volume II, Venice 1540–1600, London: National Gallery Publications Ltd, ISBN 1-85709-913-3 
Pevsner, Nikolaus; Bradley, Simon (2003), The Buildings of England London 6: Westminster, London and New Haven: Yale University Press 
Potterton, Homan (1977), The National Gallery, London, London: Thames & Hudson 
Smith, Charles Saumarez (2009), The National Gallery: A Short History, London: Frances Lincoln Limited 
Spalding, Frances (1998), The Tate: A History, London: Tate Gallery Publishing 
Summerson, John (1962), Georgian London, London: Penguin 
Taylor, Brandon (1999), Art for the Nation: Exhibitions and the London Public, 1747–2001, Manchester: Manchester University Press 
Walden, Sarah (2004), The Ravished Image: An Introduction to the Art of Picture Restoration & Its Risks, London: Gibson Square 
Whitehead, Christopher (2005), The Public Art Museum in Nineteenth Century Britain, Farnham: Ashgate Publishing 

وصلات خارجية

51°30′31″N 0°07′42″W / 51.5086°N 0.1283°W / 51.5086; -0.1283