كاندالاكشا

Coordinates: 67°09′25″N 32°24′42″E / 67.15694°N 32.41167°E / 67.15694; 32.41167
(تم التحويل من Kandalaksha)

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Kandalaksha
Кандалакша
Town
A view of Kandalaksha
A view of Kandalaksha
علم Kandalaksha
Flag
درع Kandalaksha
Coat of arms
Location of Kandalaksha
Kandalaksha is located in روسيا
Kandalaksha
Kandalaksha
Location of Kandalaksha
الإحداثيات: 67°09′25″N 32°24′42″E / 67.15694°N 32.41167°E / 67.15694; 32.41167
البلدروسيا
الكيان الاتحاديMurmansk Oblast
Administrative districtKandalakshsky District
Founded11th century
Town status sinceApril 20, 1938[1]
المنسوب
20 m (70 ft)
التعداد
 (2010 Census)[2]
 • الإجمالي35٬654
 • Municipal districtKandalakshsky Municipal District
 • Urban settlementKandalaksha Urban Settlement
منطقة التوقيتUTC+ ([3])
Postal code(s)[4]
184041
Dialing code(s)+7 81533
OKTMO ID47608101001

كاندالاكشا (Kandalaksha ؛ روسية: Кандала́кша؛ فنلندية: Kantalahti؛ Swedish: Kandalax or formerly Candalax؛ كارلية: [Kannanlakši] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help)؛ سامي شمالية: Gáddeluokta؛ Skolt Sami: Käddluhtt) هي بلدة في Kandalakshsky District في أبلاست مورمانسك، روسيا، وتقع عند رأس خليج كاندالاكشا في البحر الأبيض، شمال الدائرة القطبية. التعداد: 35,654 (تعداد 2010);[2] 40,564 نسمة (تعداد 2002)؛[5] 54,080 (تعداد 1989).[6]

Historical population
YearPop.±%
19264٬195—    
193922٬172+428.5%
195938٬222+72.4%
197042٬656+11.6%
197945٬430+6.5%
198954٬080+19.0%
200240٬564−25.0%
201035٬654−12.1%
202129٬138−18.3%
Population size may be affected by changes in administrative divisions.
Source: Censuses[7][8][9][10]

التاريخ

The settlement was founded the 11th century but may have existed as a temporary stop for fishermen from the 9th century.[بحاجة لمصدر] In the 13th century, it became a part of the Novgorod Republic along with the southern part of the Kola Peninsula, and in 1478 was annexed by the Grand Duchy of Moscow. In 1915, the construction of a seaport started, and in 1918 a railroad connecting Moscow to Murmansk running through Kandalaksha was opened. On August 29, 1927, Kandalaksha was made the administrative center of the newly established Kandalakshsky District,[11] and on June 1, 1932, it was granted work settlement status.[1] Status of a town of district significance was granted to it on April 20, 1938.[1] On February 9, 1940, Kandalaksha was administratively separated from the district and granted the status of a town of oblast significance.[1]

In July 1941, during World War II, the town was the primary target of an unsuccessful German-Finnish offensive which attempted to cut the strategic Kirov Railway.

By the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR of March 19, 1959, the Councils of Deputies of Kandalaksha and of Kandalakshsky District were merged into one Kandalaksha Town Council of Deputies.[12] While the district was nominally retained as a separate administrative division, all its subdivisions were administratively subordinated to the town's Council of Deputies.[12]

Since 1995, Vitino oil port operates near Beloye More a few kilometers south of Kandalaksha.

Kandalaksha Mayor Nina Varlamova was murdered in an attack in December 2008.[13]


العلاقات الدولية

المقالة الرئيسية: List of twin towns and sister cities in Russia
Kandalaksha railway station

Twin towns and sister cities

Kandalaksha is twinned with:

الجغرافيا

The town is located at the head of Kandalaksha Gulf on the White Sea, north of the Arctic Circle.

المناخ

Kandalaksha has a subarctic climate (Dfc) with mild, rainy summers, and cold, snowy winters.

Climate data for كاندالاكشا (Climate ID:22217)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 7.5
(45.5) 		8.0
(46.4) 		12.2
(54.0) 		18.9
(66.0) 		27.2
(81.0) 		31.4
(88.5) 		31.6
(88.9) 		32.0
(89.6) 		24.7
(76.5) 		14.7
(58.5) 		11.4
(52.5) 		8.0
(46.4) 		32.0
(89.6)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −7.7
(18.1) 		−6.9
(19.6) 		−1.6
(29.1) 		3.8
(38.8) 		9.8
(49.6) 		16.2
(61.2) 		19.5
(67.1) 		16.9
(62.4) 		11.4
(52.5) 		4.0
(39.2) 		−1.9
(28.6) 		−5
(23) 		4.9
(40.8)
Daily mean °C (°F) −11.4
(11.5) 		−10.9
(12.4) 		−6.2
(20.8) 		−0.5
(31.1) 		5.3
(41.5) 		11.5
(52.7) 		14.9
(58.8) 		12.6
(54.7) 		7.6
(45.7) 		1.4
(34.5) 		−4.4
(24.1) 		−8.2
(17.2) 		1.0
(33.8)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −15.8
(3.6) 		−15.4
(4.3) 		−11.1
(12.0) 		−5.1
(22.8) 		1.1
(34.0) 		7.0
(44.6) 		10.5
(50.9) 		8.4
(47.1) 		3.8
(38.8) 		−1.4
(29.5) 		−7.5
(18.5) 		−12
(10) 		−3.1
(26.3)
Record low °C (°F) −43.5
(−46.3) 		−41.6
(−42.9) 		−34.6
(−30.3) 		−27.9
(−18.2) 		−15
(5) 		−4.5
(23.9) 		1.8
(35.2) 		−3.6
(25.5) 		−9.7
(14.5) 		−21.8
(−7.2) 		−30.4
(−22.7) 		−39.5
(−39.1) 		−43.5
(−46.3)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 41
(1.6) 		34
(1.3) 		30
(1.2) 		28
(1.1) 		45
(1.8) 		56
(2.2) 		75
(3.0) 		63
(2.5) 		56
(2.2) 		53
(2.1) 		46
(1.8) 		44
(1.7) 		571
(22.5)
Average rainy days 1 2 3 9 18 18 18 18 19 15 6 3 130
Average snowy days 24 23 22 15 9 1 0 0 1 11 21 24 151
Average relative humidity (%) 86 84 81 75 72 69 74 79 84 86 89 87 81
Mean monthly sunshine hours 3.2 45.0 129.2 184.6 231.1 271.5 267.6 186.6 110.6 55.8 9.6 0.0 1٬494٫8
Source 1: Roshydromet[14]
Source 2: NOAA (sun)[15]


انظر أيضاً

المراجع

الهامش

  1. ^ أ ب ت ث Administrative-Territorial Division of Murmansk Oblast, pp. 52–53
  2. ^ أ ب Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1". Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved June 29, 2012. {{cite web}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  3. ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). 3 June 2011. Retrieved 19 January 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  4. ^ Local post office info http://www.russianpost.ru/PostOfficeFindInterface/FindOPSByPostOfficeID.aspx?index=184041 Archived أكتوبر 2, 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  5. ^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек" (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian). Retrieved August 9, 2014. {{cite web}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  6. ^ "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров.[[Category:Articles containing روسية-language text]] (All Union Population Census of 1989. Present population of union and autonomous republics, autonomous oblasts and okrugs, krais, oblasts, districts, urban settlements, and villages serving as district administrative centers.)". Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года (All-Union Population Census of 1989) (in Russian). Demoscope Weekly (website of the Institute of Demographics of the State University—Higher School of Economics. 1989. Retrieved 2007-12-13. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help); URL–wikilink conflict (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  7. ^ "(USSR) Urban population of the union republics, and their territorial units".
  8. ^ "Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года. Том. 1, таблица 4. Численность населения России, федеральных округов, субъектов Российской Федерации, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов - райцентров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более". Archived from the original on 2012-02-03.
  9. ^ "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Итоги по Красноярскому краю. 1.10 Численность населения гор.округов, мун.районов, гор. и сел. поселе". Archived from the original on 2015-12-22.
  10. ^ "Таблица 5. Численность населения России, федеральных округов, субъектов Российской Федерации, городских округов, муниципальных районов, муниципальных округов, городских и сельских поселений, городских населенных пунктов, сельских населенных пунктов с населением 3000 человек и более - Итоги Всероссийской переписи населения 2021 года". Archived from the original on 2022-09-01. Retrieved 2021-10-01.
  11. ^ Administrative-Territorial Division of Murmansk Oblast, p. 35
  12. ^ أ ب Administrative-Territorial Division of Murmansk Oblast, p. 55
  13. ^ Malpas, Anna (2008-12-18). "Mayor Stabbed To Death". Moscow Times. Archived from the original on May 9, 2012. Retrieved 2009-01-12.
  14. ^ "Climate of Kandalaksha" (in الروسية). Weather and Climate (Погода и климат). Retrieved 1 November 2019.
  15. ^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Kandalaksha". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved April 9, 2024.

المصادر

  • Архивный отдел Администрации Мурманской области. Государственный Архив Мурманской области. (1995). Административно-территориальное деление Мурманской области (1920-1993 гг.). Справочник. Мурманск: Мурманское издательско-полиграфическое предприятие "Север".

وصلات خارجية

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