اللهجة الحسانية
الحسانية | |
---|---|
حسانية Ḥassānīya | |
موطنها | Southwestern Algeria, Libya, Northwestern Mali, Mauritania, southern Morocco, Northern Niger, Western Sahara |
العرق | Arab Arab-Berber |
الناطقون الأصليون | 2.84 million (2014–2017) |
اللهجات | |
Arabic alphabet | |
الوضع الرسمي | |
لغة أقلية معترف بها في | |
أكواد اللغات | |
ISO 639-3 | mey |
Glottolog | hass1238 |
Current distribution of the Hassaniya language. | |
Hassānīya (العربية: حسانية Ḥassānīya; also known as Hassaniyya, Klem El Bithan, Hasanya, Hassani, Hassaniya) is a variety of Maghrebi Arabic spoken by Mauritanian Arab-Berbers and the Sahrawi. It was spoken by the Beni Ḥassān Bedouin tribes, who extended their authority over most of Mauritania and Morocco's southeastern and Western Sahara between the 15th and 17th centuries. Hassaniya Arabic was the language spoken in the pre-modern region around Chinguetti.
The language has now almost completely replaced the Berber languages that were originally spoken in this region.[بحاجة لمصدر] Although clearly a western dialect, Hassānīya is relatively distant from other Maghrebi variants of Arabic. Its geographical location exposed it to influence from Zenaga-Berber and Wolof. There are several dialects of Hassānīya, which differ primarily phonetically. Today, Hassānīya is spoken in Algeria, Libya, Morocco, Mauritania, Mali, Niger, Senegal and the Western Sahara.
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علم الأصوات
الحروف الساكنة
Labial | Interdental | Dental/Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal | Glottal | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
plain | emphatic | plain | emphatic | plain | emphatic | |||||||
Nasal | m | mˤ | n | (nˤ) | ɲ | |||||||
Stop | voiceless | (p) | t | tˤ | c | k | q | (ʔ) | ||||
voiced | b | bˤ | d | dˤ | ɟ | ɡ | (gˤ) | |||||
Affricate | (t͡ʃ) | |||||||||||
Fricative | voiceless | f | θ | s | sˤ | ʃ | χ | ħ | h | |||
voiced | v | (vˤ) | ð | ðˤ | z | zˤ | ʒ | ʁ | ʕ | |||
Trill | r | rˤ | ||||||||||
Approximant | l | lˤ | j | w |
الحروف المتحركة
التناوب اللغوي
نظام الكتابة
الأبجدية الحسانية (السنغال) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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A | B | C | D | Ḍ | E | Ë | F | G | H | Ḥ | J | K | L | M | N | Ñ | O | Q | R | S | Ṣ | Ŝ | T | Ṭ | Ŧ | U | V | W | X | Ẋ | Y | Z | Ż | Ẓ | ʔ |
a | b | c | d | ḍ | e | ë | f | g | h | ḥ | j | k | l | m | n | ñ | o | q | r | s | ṣ | ŝ | t | ṭ | ŧ | u | v | w | x | ẋ | y | z | ż | ẓ | ʼ |
الانتشار
According to Ethnologue, there are approximately three million Hassaniya speakers, distributed as follows:
- Mauritania: 2,770,000 (2006)
- Western Sahara and the southern area of Morocco, known as the Tekna zone: 200,000+ (1995)
- Mali: 175,800 – 210,000 (2000)
- Algeria: 150,000 (1985)
- Libya: 40,000 (1985)
- Niger: 10,000 (1998)
انظر أيضاً
المصادر
- ^ "Morocco 2011 Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2021-07-18.
- Cohen, David; el Chennafi, Mohammed (1963). Le dialecte arabe ḥassānīya de Mauritanie (parler de la Gəbla). Paris: Librairie C. Klincksieck. ISBN 2-252-00150-X.
- "Hassaniya, the Arabic of Mauritania", Al-Any, Riyadh S. / In: Linguistics; vol. 52 (1969), pag. 15 / 1969
- "Hassaniya, the Arabic of Mauritania", Al-Any, Riyadh S. / In: Studies in linguistics; vol. 19 (1968), afl. 1 (mrt), pag. 19 / 1968
- "Hassaniya Arabic (Mali) : Poetic and Ethnographic Texts", Heath, Jeffrey; Kaye, Alan S. / In: Journal of Near Eastern studies; vol. 65 (2006), afl. 3, pag. 218 (1) / 2006
- Hassaniya Arabic (Mali) : poetic and ethnographic texts, Heath, Jeffrey / Harrassowitz / 2003
- Hassaniya Arabic (Mali) – English – French dictionary, Heath, Jeffrey / Harrassowitz / 2004
- Taine-Cheikh, Catherine. 2006. Ḥassāniya Arabic. In Kees Versteegh (ed.), Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics, 240–250. Leiden: E.~J.~Brill.
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وصلات خارجية
تعريفات قاموسية في ويكاموس
كتب من معرفة الكتب
اقتباسات من معرفة الاقتباس
نصوص مصدرية من معرفة المصادر
صور و ملفات صوتية من كومونز
أخبار من معرفة الأخبار.
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- لهجات عربية
- Languages of Algeria
- Languages of Mali
- Languages of Mauritania
- Languages of Niger
- Languages of Western Sahara
- Languages written in Latin script
- Maghrebi Arabic
- Sahrawi culture