گرين پاين (رادار)
 Green Pine Block-B antenna | |
| بلد الأصل | إسرائيل |
|---|---|
| تاريخ التقديم | 1995 |
| النوع | Transportable multimode solid state active phased array radar. |
| التردد | L band 500 MHz to 1,000 MHz or 1,000 MHz to 2,000 MHz |
| النطاق | 500 كم |
| القطر | 9 متر × 3 متر |
| الدقة | ±4 متر |
| القدرة | سري، ولكن يمكن استخدامه كجهاز طاقة موجهة.[1] |
| أسماء أخرى | Oren Yarok |
EL/M-2080 گرين پاين (Green Pine ؛ بالعبرية: אורן ירוק؛ تـُنطق [oʁen jaʁok]) هو رادار إسرائيلي للدفاع الصاروخي من الأرض تنتجه إلتا، إحدى شركات إسرائيل للصناعات الجوية، ليعمل أساساً مع آرو، نظام الدفاع الصاروخي عن مسرح عمليات، والذي مـُمِّل بشكل مشترك مع الولايات المتحدة. وقد صـُدِّر گرين پاين إلى الهند، كما سُلـِّمت نسخته المتقدمة، گرين پاين بلوك-ب، إلى كوريا الجنوبية بسعر 83 مليون دولار للوحدة، وإلى أذربيجان. قيادة الدفاع الجوي الإسرائيلي ضمن سلاح الجو الإسرائيلي (IAF) في القوات المسلحة الإسرائيلية (IDF) تـُشـَغـِّل كلاً من رادارات گرين پاين وگرين پاين بلوك-ب كجزء متكامل من نظام آرو.
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التاريخ
The Arrow program was launched as a response to the acquisition by Arab states of long range surface-to-surface missiles.[2][3] The United States and Israel signed a memorandum of understanding to co-fund it in 1986,[4][5] and in 1988 the وزارة الدفاع الأمريكية Strategic Defense Initiative Organization (SDIO) placed an order with Israel Aircraft Industries for the Arrow 1 technology demonstrator.[4][6][7] Over the years SDIO was renamed to Ballistic Missile Defense Organization (BMDO), and later to Missile Defense Agency (MDA), while Israel Aircraft Industries was renamed to Israel Aerospace Industries. The Gulf War, which exposed the controversial performance[8] of the Patriot missile against Iraqi "Al Hussein" missiles, gave further impetus to the development of the Arrow.[2] It was initially designed to intercept missiles such as the SS-1 "Scud", its "Al Hussein" derivative, the SS-21 "Scarab" operated by Syria, and the CSS-2 operated by Saudi Arabia.[3] The Arrow evolved also with an eye on the advanced missile programs of Iran.
المواصفات
In contrast to the older AN/MPQ-53 Passive Electronically Scanned Array (PESA) radar set of the MIM-104 Patriot PAC-2, the Green Pine is an active electronically scanned array (AESA) solid state radar. Unlike the advanced AN/TPY-2 X band radar of the Terminal High Altitude Area Defense system, Green Pine operates at L band - in the range 500 MHz to 1,000 MHz,[6][9] or 1,000 MHz to 2,000 MHz.[10]
گرين پاين البلوك-C
Green Pine Block-C has been revealed revealed in November 2018.[11]
المستخدمون
أذربيجان- According to Stockholm International Peace Research Institute report, an arms deal signed between Israel and Azerbaijan in 2011 considers import of one Green Pine radar.[12]
إسرائيل- Israel had deployed at least 2 Green Pine radars as an integral part of the Arrow system.[13] As of 2008 an unknown number of both Green Pine and Green Pine Block-B versions were active.[14] As of 2012, the first Green Pine Block-B was declared operational and is deployed alongside the two Green Pines.[15]
الهند- India had acquired and deployed two Green Pine radars around July 2002 and another one in August 2005.[16] The Swordfish Long Range Tracking Radar of the Indian Defence Research and Development Organisation is an acknowledged derivative of the original Green Pine.[17] The Indian government has sought to purchase the complete Arrow system since 1999,[3] but in early 2002 the U.S. vetoed Israel's request to sell the Arrow 2 missiles to India,[4][16] exercising its right as a major funding contributor.[18] U.S. officials argued that the sale would violate the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR).[4]
كوريا الجنوبية - South Korea bought two Green Pine Block-B radars, which became operational in 2012.[11] South Korea to procure two Green Pine Block-C radars, valued at about $292 million. Deliveries are scheduled for the early 2020s.[11]
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انظر أيضاً
المراجع
- ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم
<ref>غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماةdew - ^ أ ب "Israel Aircraft Industries 'Arrow' ('Hetz') – Systems". Israeli Air Force. Retrieved 2009-08-24.
- ^ أ ب ت Lailari, Guermantes E. (April 2001). "Israel's national missile defense strategy" (PDF). Defense Technical Information Center. Retrieved 2009-09-22.
- ^ أ ب ت ث Pike, John E. "Arrow theater missile defense". GlobalSecurity.org. Retrieved 2009-08-19.
{{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ Clyde, Mark R. (2002-10-17). "Israeli–United States relations". Almanac of Policy Issues. Retrieved 2009-08-19.
{{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ أ ب "Arrow 2 theater ballistic missile defense system, Israel". army-technology.com. Retrieved 2009-08-19.
- ^ "Story of the Arrow weapon system". Israel Missile Defense Organization. Archived from the original on 2009-09-08. Retrieved 2009-08-19.
{{cite web}}: External link in|publisher=|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Postol, Theodore; Pedatzur, Reuven; Zraket, Charles; Zimmerman, Peter (1992-04-07), The performance of the Patriot missile in the Gulf, Federation of American Scientists, http://www.fas.org/spp/starwars/congress/1992_h/. Retrieved 2009-10-09.
- ^ Bar-Joseph, Uri (2001). Israel's national security towards the 21st Century. Frank Cass Publishers. pp. 153–154. ISBN 0-7146-5169-9. Retrieved 2009-09-12.
- ^ "EL/M-2080 'Green Pine' (Israel), battlefield, missile control and ground surveillance radar systems". Jane's Information Group. 2009-10-30. Retrieved 2009-08-26.
- ^ أ ب ت Grevatt, Jon (2018-11-18). "South Korea to procure additional 'Green Pine' radars". Jane's Information Group. Retrieved 2018-12-01.
- ^ "List of ammunition purchased by Azerbaijan made public". news.az. 2012-03-27. Retrieved 2012-03-28.
{{cite web}}: External link in|publisher=|publisher=(help) - ^ EL/M 2080 ATBM early warning and fire control radar system. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. 2002-08-06. pp. 11–16. ISBN 0-7803-3232-6. Retrieved 2009-11-21.
- ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم
<ref>غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماةsyria3 - ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم
<ref>غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماةiai-boeing-a3 - ^ أ ب Pike, John E. "India: ballistic missile defense". GlobalSecurity.org. Retrieved 2009-08-26.
{{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ "India tests 'Swordfish' radar with successful missile defence test". domain-b.com. 2009-03-06. Retrieved 2009-09-22.
{{cite web}}: External link in|publisher=|publisher=(help) - ^ Assamann, Lars (2007). Theater missile defense in East Asia: implications for Beijing and Tokyo. Transaction Publishers. p. 205. ISBN 978-3-8258-0223-3. Retrieved 2009-09-12.
ببليوگرافيا
- Stav, Arieh (2004). The threat of ballistic missiles in the Middle East: active defense and countermeasures. Sussex Academic Press. ISBN 1-84519-001-7.
- Bar-Joseph, Uri (2001). Israel's national security towards the 21st Century. Frank Cass Publishers. ISBN 0-7146-5169-9.
- Naveh, Ben-Zion; Lorber, Azriel (2001). Theater ballistic missile defense. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. ISBN 1-56347-385-2.