گانـِشا

گانـِشا
Ganesha
گانـِشا; Ganesha
	Basohli miniature, حوالي 1730. المتحف الوطني، نيودلهي، الهند.
دڤنگاري	गणेश
خط التاميل	கணேசா
الانتماء	دڤا
مانترا	ॐ गणेशाय नमः ; (Oṃ Gaṇeśāya Namaḥ)
السلاح	Paraśu (Axe),; Pāśa (Lasso),; Aṅkuśa (Hook)
الرفيقة	Buddhi (الحكمة),; Riddhi (prosperity),; Siddhi (attainment) ; or sometimes, none
الجبل	Mouse

گانـِشا Ganesha (بالسنسكريتية: गणेश; IAST: Gaṇeśa; listen (المساعدة·معلومات))، وتنطق أيضا گانـِسا أو گانـِش، ويعرف أيضا باسم گاناپاتي (سنسكريتية: गणपति; IAST: gaṇapati), Vinayaka (سنسكريتي: विनायक; IAST: Vināyaka)، و Pillaiyar (بالتاميلية: பிள்ளையார்)، هو أحد الآلهة الشهيرة لدى الهندوس^[5] توجد صورته في الهند ونيبال.^[6].^[7] ويقال أنها أكثر الآلهة عبادة في الهند.

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التسمية وأسماء أخرى

Ganesha as 'Shri Mayureshwar' with consorts Buddhi and Siddhi, Morgaon (the central shrine for the regional aṣṭavināyaka complex)^[8]

الأيقونات

This statue of Ganesha was created in the Mysore District of Karnataka in the 13th century.

السمات المشتركة

A typical four-armed form. Miniature of Nurpur school (circa 1810).^[9]

Vahanas

Ganesha dancing on his mouse, 11th century, Bengal, musée d'art asiatique de Berlin.

Associations

Obstacles

The Lalbaugcha Raja Ganesha image worshipped during Ganesh Festival in Mumbai, India. Ganesha is widely worshiped across India as the remover of obstacles.

Buddhi (Knowledge)

أوم

Ganesha (Devanagari) Aum jewel

First chakra

الأسرة والأقران

العبادة والأعياد

Celebrations of Ganesh by the Indian and Sri Lankan Tamil community in باريس, فرنسا

گانـِشا چاتورثي

Street festivities in Hyderabad, India during the festival of Ganesh Chaturthi

المعابد

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تواجده

أول ظهور

تأثيراته

في الأدب

Vyasa narrating the Mahabharata to Ganesha, his scribe, Angkor Wat

Puranic period

Tanjore-style painting of Ganesha

الكتب المقدسة

Ganesha statue in 9th century Prambanan temple, Java, Indonesia

خارج الهند والهندوسية

"Dancing Ganesh. Central Tibet. Early fifteenth century. Colours on cotton. Height: 68 centimetres".^[10] This form is also known as Maharakta ("The Great Red One").^[11]

5th century "image of Ganesha, consecrated by the Shahi King Khingala." found at Gardez, Afghanistan.

هوامش

^ "Ganesha getting ready to throw his lotus. Basohli miniature, circa 1730. National Museum, New Delhi. In the Mudgalapurāṇa (VII, 70), in order to kill the demon of egotism (Mamāsura) who had attacked him, Gaṇeśa Vighnarāja throws his lotus at him. Unable to bear the fragrance of the divine flower, the demon surrenders to Gaṇeśa." For quotation of description of the work, see: Martin-Dubost (1997), p. 73.
^
- For the paraśu (axe) as a weapon of Ganesha, see: Jansen, p. 40.
- For the paraśu as an attribute of Ganesha, see: Nagar, Appendix I.
^
- For the snare as a weapon of Ganesha, see: Jansen, p. 46.
- For the pāśa as weapon of Ganesha in various forms, see: Nagar, Appendix I.
^
- For the elephant hook as a weapon of Ganesha, see: Jansen. p. 46.
- For the aṅkuśa as an attribute of Ganesha, see: Nagar, Appendix I.
^ Rao, p. 1.
^
- Brown, p. 1. "Gaṇeśa is often said to be the most worshipped god in India."
- Getty, p. 1. "Gaṇeśa, Lord of the Gaṇas, although among the latest deities to be admitted to the Brahmanic pantheon, was, and still is, the most universally adored of all the Hindu gods, and his image is found in practically every part of India."
^
- Rao, p. 1.
- Martin-Dubost, pp. 2–4.
- Brown, p. 1.
^ Courtright, pp. 212–213.
^ Four-armed Gaṇeśa. Miniature of Nurpur school, circa 1810. Museum of Chandigarh. For this image see: Martin-Dubost (1997), p. 64, which describes it as follows: "On a terrace leaning against a thick white bolster, Gaṇeśa is seated on a bed of pink lotus petals arranged on a low seat to the back of which is fixed a parasol. The elephant-faced god, with his body entirely red, is dressed in a yellow dhoti and a yellow scarf fringed with blue. Two white mice decorated with a pretty golden necklace salute Gaṇeśa by joining their tiny feet together. Gaṇeśa counts on his rosary in his lower right hand; his two upper hands brandish an axe and an elephant goad; his fourth hand holds the broken left tusk."
^ This work and its description are shown in Pal, p. 125.
^ For a representation of this form identified as Maharakta, see Pal, p. 130.

المصادر

Agrawala, Prithvi Kumar (1978), Goddess Vināyakī: The Female Gaṇeśa, Indian Civilization Series, Varanasi: Prithivi Prakashan
Apte, Vaman Shivram (1965), The Practical Sanskrit Dictionary, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers, ISBN 81-208-0567-4 (fourth revised and enlarged edition).
Avalon, Arthur (1933), Śāradā Tilaka Tantram, Motilal Banarsidass Publishers, ISBN 81-208-1338-3 (1993 reprint edition).
Bailey, Greg (1995), Ganeśapurāna: Introduction, translation, notes and index, Harrassowitz, ISBN 3-447-03647-8
Bhattacharyya (Editor), Haridas (1956), The Cultural Heritage of India, Calcutta: The Ramakrishna Mission Institute of Culture Four volumes.
Brown, Robert (1991), Ganesh: Studies of an Asian God, Albany: State University of New York, ISBN 0-7914-0657-1
Chinmayananda, Swami (1987), Glory of Ganesha, Bombay: Central Chinmaya Mission Trust
Courtright, Paul B. (1985), Gaṇeśa: Lord of Obstacles, Lord of Beginnings, New York: Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-505742-2
Danielou, Alain (1954), The meaning of Ganapati, Madras: The Adyar Library bulletin
Doniger, Wendy (1996), Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of World Religions, Merriam-Webster, ISBN 0-87779-044-2
Ellawala, H (1969), Social History of Early Ceylon, Colombo: Department of Cultural Affairs .
Flood, Gavin (1996), An Introduction to Hinduism, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-43878-0
Getty, Alice (1936), Gaņeśa: A Monograph on the Elephant-Faced God (1992 reprint ed.), Oxford: Clarendon Press, ISBN 81-215-0377-X .
Grimes, John A. (1995), Ganapati: Song of the Self, SUNY Series in Religious Studies, Albany: State University of New York Press, ISBN 0-7914-2440-5
Gupta, Shakti M. (1988), Karttikeya: The Son of Shiva, Bombay: Somaiya Publications Pvt. Ltd., ISBN 81-7039-186-5
Heras, H. (1972), The Problem of Ganapati, Delhi: Indological Book House
Jansen, Eva Rudy (1993), The Book of Hindu Imagery, Havelte, Holland: Binkey Kok Publications BV, ISBN 90-74597-07-6
Khokar, Ashish; S. Saraswati (2005), Ganesha-Karttikeya, New Delhi: Rupa and Co, ISBN 81-291-0776-7
Krishan, Yuvraj (1981–1982), "The Origins of Gaṇeśa", Artibus Asiae (Artibus Asiae Publishers) 43 (4): 285–301, doi:10.2307/3249845
Krishan, Yuvraj (1999), Gaņeśa: Unravelling An Enigma, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers, ISBN 81-208-1413-4
Krishna, Murthy, K. (1985), Mythical Animals in Indian Art, New Delhi: Abhinav Publications, ISBN 0-391-03287-9
Macdonell, Arthur Anthony (1996), A Practical Sanskrit Dictionary, Munshiram Monoharlal Publishers, ISBN 81-215-0715-4
Martin-Dubost, Paul (1997), Gaņeśa: The Enchanter of the Three Worlds, Mumbai: Project for Indian Cultural Studies, ISBN 81-900184-3-4
Mate, M. S. (1988), Temples and Legends of Maharashtra, Bombay: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, http://books.google.ca/books?id=SY6GOwAACAAJ
Metcalf, Thomas R.; Metcalf, Barbara Daly, A Concise History of India, ISBN 0-521-63027-4
Nagar, Shanti Lal (1992), The Cult of Vinayaka, New Delhi: Intellectual Publishing House, ISBN 81-7076-043-9
Oka, Krishnaji Govind (1913), The Nāmalingānuśāsana (Amarakosha) of Amarasimha: with the Commentary (Amarakoshodghāṭana) of Kshīrasvāmin, Poona: Law Printing Press, http://ia310939.us.archive.org/1/items/namalinganusasan00amariala/namalinganusasan00amariala.pdf, retrieved on 2007-09-14 .
Pal, Pratapaditya (1995), Ganesh: The Benevolent, Marg Publications, ISBN 81-85026-31-9
Ramachandra Rao, S. K. (1992), The Compendium on Gaņeśa, Delhi: Sri Satguru Publications, ISBN 81-7030-828-3
Saraswati, Swami Tattvavidananda (2004), Gaṇapati Upaniṣad, Delhi: D. K. Printworld Ltd., ISBN 81-246-0265-4
Śāstri Khiste, Baṭukanātha (1991), Gaṇeśasahasranāmastotram: mūla evaṁ srībhāskararāyakṛta ‘khadyota’ vārtika sahita, Vārāṇasī: Prācya Prakāśana . Source text with a commentary by Bhāskararāya in Sanskrit.
Śāstri, Hargovinda (1978), Amarkoṣa with Hindi commentary, Vārānasi: Chowkhambā Sanskrit Series Office
Thapan, Anita Raina (1997), Understanding Gaņapati: Insights into the Dynamics of a Cult, New Delhi: Manohar Publishers, ISBN 81-7304-195-4
Wilson, H. H. (1990), Rgveda-Samhita, Text in Devanagari, English translation Notes and indices by H. H. Wilson, Ed. W.F. Webster, New Delhi: Nag Publishers,11A/U.A. Jawaharnagar

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وصلات خارجية

Ganesh: Symbol and presence

قالب:Ganesha

[1] "Ganesha getting ready to throw his lotus. Basohli miniature, circa 1730. National Museum, New Delhi. In the Mudgalapurāṇa (VII, 70), in order to kill the demon of egotism (Mamāsura) who had attacked him, Gaṇeśa Vighnarāja throws his lotus at him. Unable to bear the fragrance of the divine flower, the demon surrenders to Gaṇeśa." For quotation of description of the work, see: Martin-Dubost (1997), p. 73.

[parasu-2] 
For the paraśu (axe) as a weapon of Ganesha, see: Jansen, p. 40.

For the paraśu as an attribute of Ganesha, see: Nagar, Appendix I.

[3] For the paraśu (axe) as a weapon of Ganesha, see: Jansen, p. 40.

[4] For the paraśu as an attribute of Ganesha, see: Nagar, Appendix I.

[pasa-3] 
For the snare as a weapon of Ganesha, see: Jansen, p. 46.

For the pāśa as weapon of Ganesha in various forms, see: Nagar, Appendix I.

[6] For the snare as a weapon of Ganesha, see: Jansen, p. 46.

[7] For the pāśa as weapon of Ganesha in various forms, see: Nagar, Appendix I.

[ankus-4] 
For the elephant hook as a weapon of Ganesha, see: Jansen. p. 46.

For the aṅkuśa as an attribute of Ganesha, see: Nagar, Appendix I.

[9] For the elephant hook as a weapon of Ganesha, see: Jansen. p. 46.

[10] For the aṅkuśa as an attribute of Ganesha, see: Nagar, Appendix I.

[5] Rao, p. 1.

[6] 
Brown, p. 1. "Gaṇeśa is often said to be the most worshipped god in India."

Getty, p. 1. "Gaṇeśa, Lord of the Gaṇas, although among the latest deities to be admitted to the Brahmanic pantheon, was, and still is, the most universally adored of all the Hindu gods, and his image is found in practically every part of India."

[13] Brown, p. 1. "Gaṇeśa is often said to be the most worshipped god in India."

[14] Getty, p. 1. "Gaṇeśa, Lord of the Gaṇas, although among the latest deities to be admitted to the Brahmanic pantheon, was, and still is, the most universally adored of all the Hindu gods, and his image is found in practically every part of India."

[7] 
Rao, p. 1.

Martin-Dubost, pp. 2–4.

Brown, p. 1.

[16] Rao, p. 1.

[17] Martin-Dubost, pp. 2–4.

[18] Brown, p. 1.

[8] Courtright, pp. 212–213.

[9] Four-armed Gaṇeśa. Miniature of Nurpur school, circa 1810. Museum of Chandigarh. For this image see: Martin-Dubost (1997), p. 64, which describes it as follows: "On a terrace leaning against a thick white bolster, Gaṇeśa is seated on a bed of pink lotus petals arranged on a low seat to the back of which is fixed a parasol. The elephant-faced god, with his body entirely red, is dressed in a yellow dhoti and a yellow scarf fringed with blue. Two white mice decorated with a pretty golden necklace salute Gaṇeśa by joining their tiny feet together. Gaṇeśa counts on his rosary in his lower right hand; his two upper hands brandish an axe and an elephant goad; his fourth hand holds the broken left tusk."

[10] This work and its description are shown in Pal, p. 125.

[11] For a representation of this form identified as Maharakta, see Pal, p. 130.

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v t e الآلهة والنصوص الهندوسية
الإلهات المؤنثة	آدي پاراشكتي دڤي سرسواتي لكشمي ساتي پرڤاتي دورگا شكتي كالي سيتا رادا مهاڤيديا نڤادورگا ماتريكاس المزيد...
الآلهة المذكرة	ديڤا تريمورتي براهما ڤشنو شيڤا Agni Ashvins Chandra Dattatreya گانيشا هانومان إندرا Kama Kartikeya كريشنا Kubera راما Shasta سوريا Varuna Vayu Vishvakarma Yama المزيد...
آلهة أخرى	Apsara Asura Daitya Danava Gandharva Kuladevata Gramadevatas Rakshasa Vahana Yaksha / Yakshini
النصوص	ڤيدات ريگ ساما ياجور أثارڤا أوپانيشاد كتب پورانا رامايانا مهابهاراتا بهگاڤاد گيتا المزيد
الهندوسية الأساطير الهندوسية الشعر الملحمي الهندي

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نصوص	Shvetashvatara Upanishad Shivarahasya Purana Shiva Purana Shiva Sutras of Vasugupta
مانترا/ ستوترا	Mahamrityunjaya Mantra Om Namah Shivaya Shiv Chalisa Shiva mahimna stotram Shri Rudram Chamakam Shiva Sahasranama Shiva Tandava Stotram
فلسفات	Advaita Pashupata Shaivism Kashmir Shaivism Shaiva Siddhanta Lingayatism
Jyotirlingas	Bhimāśankara Ghuṣmeśvara Kedāranātha Viśveśvara Mallikārjuna Mahākāleśvara Nāgeśvara Nagesh Omkāreśvara Rāmeśvara Somanātha Tryambakeśvara Vaidyanātha Vaidyanath
معابد	Amarnath Brihadeeswarar Kailash Mansarovar Katasraj temple Lingaraj Temple Meenakshi Tirunelveli Pancha Bhoota Stalam Annamalaiyar Ekambareswarar Jambukeswarar Kalahasti Thillai Nataraja Panch Kedar Kedarnath Tungnath Rudranath Madhyamaheshwar Kalpeshwar Pancha Sabhai Ratna Sabai Pon Sabai Velli Sabai Thamira Sabai Chitira Sabai Tiruchengode Thirukutralam Vadakkum Nathan Others in India...
تقاليد	Kanwar Yatra Lingam Rasalingam Maha Shivaratri Pradosha Shiva Puja Siddha Vibhuti أسماء أخرى
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