ڤيدكون كڤيسلنگ

ڤيدكون كڤيسلنگ Vidkun Quisling
Prime Minister of Norway
في المنصب 1 February 1942 – 9 May 1945 يخدم with Reichskommissar Josef Terboven
Minister of Defence of Norway
في المنصب 1931–1933
رئيس الوزراء	Peder Kolstad Jens Hundseid
سبقه	Torgeir Anderssen-Rysst
خلـَفه	Jens Isak de Lange Kobro
تفاصيل شخصية
وُلِد	Vidkun Abraham Lauritz Jonssøn Quisling (1887-07-18)18 يوليو 1887 Fyresdal, Telemark, Norway
توفي	24 أكتوبر 1945(1945-10-24) (aged 58) Akershus Fortress, Oslo, Norway
الحزب	Agrarian Party (1931–33) Nasjonal Samling (1933–45)
ارتباطات سياسية أخرى	Fatherland League (1930–31) Nordisk folkereisning i Norge (1930–31)
الزوج	Alexandra Andreevna Voronina Maria Vasilijevna Quisling (disputed)
التوقيع

Vidkun Abraham Lauritz Jonssøn Quisling (نرويجية: [ˈvidkʉn ˈkvisliŋ] ( استمع); 18 July 1887 – 24 October 1945) was a Norwegian military officer and politician who nominally headed the government of Norway after the country was occupied by Nazi Germany during World War II.

Quisling first came to international prominence as a close collaborator of Fridtjof Nansen, organizing humanitarian relief during the Russian famine of 1921 in Povolzhye. He was posted as a Norwegian diplomat to the Soviet Union, and for some time also managed British diplomatic affairs there. He returned to Norway in 1929, and served as Minister of Defence in the governments of Peder Kolstad (1931–32) and Jens Hundseid (1932–33), representing the Farmers' Party.

In 1933, Quisling left the Farmers' Party and founded the fascist party Nasjonal Samling. Although he achieved some popularity after his attacks on the political left, his party failed to win any seats in the Storting and by 1940 it was still little more than peripheral. On 9 April 1940, with the German invasion of Norway in progress, he attempted to seize power in the world's first radio-broadcast coup d'état, but failed after the Germans refused to support his government.

From 1942 to 1945 he served as Prime Minister of Norway, heading the Norwegian state administration jointly with the German civilian administrator Josef Terboven. His pro-Nazi puppet government, known as the Quisling regime, was dominated by ministers from Nasjonal Samling. The collaborationist government participated in Germany's genocidal Final Solution. Quisling was put on trial during the legal purge in Norway after World War II: he was found guilty of charges including embezzlement, murder and high treason against the Norwegian state, and was sentenced to death. He was executed by firing squad at Akershus Fortress, Oslo, on 24 October 1945. The word "quisling" has since become a byword for "collaborator" or "traitor" in several languages, reflecting the very poor light in which Quisling's actions were seen (both at the time and since his death).

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 Bibliography

• Block, Maxine, ed. (1940). Current Biography Yearbook. New York, United States: H. W. Wilson.
• Cohen, Maynard M. (2000). A stand against tyranny: Norway's physicians and the Nazis. Detroit, United States: Wayne State University Press. ISBN 978-0-8143-2934-4. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Dahl, Hans Fredrik (1999). Quisling: A Study in Treachery. Stanton-Ife, Anne-Marie (trans.). Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-49697-7. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Galtung, Johan (1997). "Is There a Therapy for Pathological Cosmologies?". In Turpin, Jennifer E.; Kurtz, Lester R. (eds.). The Web of Violence: from interpersonal to global. Champaign, United States: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 0-252-06561-1. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Hayes, Paul M. (1966). "Quisling's Political Ideas". Journal of Contemporary History. 1 (1): 145–157. doi:10.1177/002200946600100109. JSTOR 259653.
• Hayes, Paul M. (1971). Quisling: the career and political ideas of Vidkun Quisling, 1887–1945. Newton Abbot, United Kingdom: David & Charles. OCLC 320725. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Høidal, Oddvar K. (1989). Quisling: A study in treason. Oslo, Norway: Universitetsforlaget. ISBN 82-00-18400-5. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)

 In Norwegian

• Barth, E. M. (1996). Gud, det er meg: Vidkun Quisling som politisk filosof (in Norwegian). Oslo, Norway: Pax Forlag. ISBN 82-530-1803-7. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
• Borgen, Per Otto (1999). Norges statsministre (in Norwegian). Oslo, Norway: Aschehoug. ISBN 82-03-22389-3. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
• Bratteli, Tone; Myhre, Hans B. (1992). Quislings siste dager (in Norwegian). Oslo, Norway: Cappelen. ISBN 82-02-13345-9. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
• Hartmann, Sverre (1970) [1959]. Fører uten folk. Forsvarsminister Quisling – hans bakgrunn og vei inn i norsk politikk (in Norwegian) (2nd revised ed.). Oslo, Norway: Tiden Norsk Forlag. OCLC 7812651. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
• Juritzen, Arve (1988). Privatmennesket Quisling og hans to kvinner (in Norwegian). Oslo, Norway: Aventura. ISBN 82-588-0500-2. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
• Ringdal, Nils Johan (1989). Gal mann til rett tid: NS-minister Sverre Riisnæs – en psykobiografi (in Norwegian). Oslo, Norway: Aschehoug. ISBN 82-03-16584-2. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
• Quisling, Maria (1980). Parmann, Øistein (ed.). Dagbok og andre efterlatte papirer (in Norwegian). Oslo, Norway: Dreyer. ISBN 82-09-01877-9. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

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 Primary sources

• Yourieff, Alexandra Andreevna Voronine; Yourieff, W. George; Seaver, Kirsten A. (2007). In Quisling's shadow: the memoirs of Vidkun Quisling's first wife, Alexandra. Stanford, United States: Hoover Institution Press. ISBN 978-0-8179-4832-0.

 وصلات خارجية

• Vidkun Quisling: "Russland und Wir", 1942, (A German book written by Vidkun Quisling about Russia)

مناصب سياسية
سبقه Torgeir Anderssen-Rysst	Minister of Defence 1931–33	تبعه Jens Isak de Lange Kobro
سبقه Office created	Minister President of Norway 1942–45	تبعه Office abolished