پول ڤرهوڤن

لأشخاص آخرين اسمهم Paul Verhoeven, انظر Paul Verhoeven (توضيح).
پول ڤرهوڤن
Paul Verhoeven
Paul Verhoeven Cannes 2016.jpg
ڤرهوڤن في 2016
وُلِدَ18 يوليو 1938 (العمر 86 سنة)
أمستردام، هولندا
المدرسة الأمLeiden University
المهنةFilmmaker
سنوات النشاط1955–present
الزوج
Martine Tours
​
(m. 1967)​
الأنجال2
الجوائزSaturn Award for Best Director (1987)
Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film (2016)

پول ڤرهوڤن ( Paul Verhoeven ؛ هولندية: [ˈpʌul vərˈɦuvə(n)]؛ وُلِد في 18 يوليو 1938) هو صانع أفلام هولندي. His blending of graphic violence and sexual content with social satire is a trademark of both his drama and science fiction films.[بحاجة لمصدر] قالب:Editorializing

After receiving attention for the TV series Floris in his native Netherlands, Verhoeven got his film breakthrough with the romantic drama Turkish Delight (1973), starring frequent collaborator Rutger Hauer. The film was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Film and later received the award for Best Dutch Film of the Century at the Netherlands Film Festival.[1] Verhoeven later directed successful Dutch films including the period drama Keetje Tippel (1975), the war film Soldier of Orange (1977), the teen drama Spetters (1980) and the psychological thriller The Fourth Man (1983).

In 1985, Verhoeven made his first Hollywood film Flesh and Blood and later had a successful career in the United States, directing science fiction films such as RoboCop (1987), Total Recall (1990), Starship Troopers (1997) and Hollow Man (2000), as well as the erotic thriller Basic Instinct (1992).

He later returned to Europe, making the Dutch war film Black Book (2006), French psychological thriller Elle (2016), and the religious drama Benedetta (2021), all receiving positive reviews. Black Book and Elle were both nominated for BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language and Elle won Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film and César Award for Best Film. Black Book was also voted by the Dutch public, in 2008, as the best Dutch film ever made.[2] In contrast, he won the Golden Raspberry Awards for Worst Picture and Worst Director for Showgirls (1995); he is one of the few people to have accepted their Golden Raspberry awards in person, and the first to directly attend the ceremony to receive it. Showgirls was a notorious box office flop at its initial theatrical release, but later enjoyed huge success in the home video market and became a cult classic.[3][4][5][6] Verhoeven's films altogether received a total of nine Academy Award nominations, mainly for editing and effects.

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النشأة

Paul Verhoeven was born in Amsterdam on 18 July 1938, the son of a schoolteacher, Wim Verhoeven, and a hatmaker, Nel van Schaardenburg. His family lived in the village of Slikkerveer.[بحاجة لمصدر]

In 1943, the family moved to The Hague, the location of the German headquarters in the Netherlands during World War II. The Verhoeven house was near a German military base with V1- and V2-rocket launchers, which was repeatedly bombed by Allied forces. Their neighbours' house was hit and Verhoeven's parents were almost killed when bombs fell on a street crossing. From this period, Verhoeven mentioned in interviews, he remembers images of violence, burning houses, dead bodies on the street, and continuous danger. As a small child, he experienced the war as an exciting adventure, and has compared himself with the character Bill Rowan in Hope and Glory (1987).[7]

Verhoeven's father became headteacher at the Van Heutszschool in The Hague, and Paul attended this school.[8] Sometimes the two watched informative films at home with the school's film projector. Verhoeven and his father also liked to see American films that were shown in cinemas after the liberation, such as The Crimson Pirate (1952).[بحاجة لمصدر]

Verhoeven and his father went ten times to see The War of the Worlds (1953). Verhoeven was a fan of the Dutch comic Dick Bos. The character Dick Bos is a private detective who fights crime using jujutsu. Verhoeven liked comic drawing; he created The Killer, a character in a detailed story of revenge. Other fiction he liked included Frankenstein and the Edgar Rice Burroughs Barsoom series.[7]

Verhoeven attended public secondary school Gymnasium Haganum in The Hague. Later, beginning in 1955, he studied at Leiden University. He graduated with a doctorandus (MSc) with a double major, in Mathematics and Physics.[9][10]


السيرة

Short films and TV series (1960–1969)

Verhoeven made his first film Één hagedis teveel ("One Lizard Too Many") for the anniversary of his students' corps in 1960.[11] In his last years at university Verhoeven also attended classes at the Netherlands Film Academy. After this he made three more short films: Nothing Special (1961), The Hitchhikers (1962) and Let's Have a Party (1963).

Verhoeven has not professionally used his mathematics and physics degree, opting instead to invest his energies in a career in film. After his studies, he entered the Royal Dutch Navy as a conscript. He made the documentary Het Korps Mariniers ("The Marine Corps", 1965), which won the French 'Golden Sun' award for military films.[7]

Verhoeven on the set of Floris (1968)

When he left the Navy, Verhoeven took his skills to Dutch television. First, he made a documentary about Anton Mussert titled Mussert (1968). His first major success was the 1969 television series Floris, starring Rutger Hauer in the title role. The concept of Floris was inspired by foreign series such as Ivanhoe and Thierry La Fronde.

أول أفلام روائية (1969–1983)

Verhoeven's first feature film Business Is Business was released in 1971 and was not well received. His first national success came in 1973 with Turkish Delight, starring Rutger Hauer and Monique van de Ven. Based on a novel by bestselling Dutch author Jan Wolkers, Turkish Delight tells the passionate love story of an artist and a young liberal girl from a conservative background. It received an Academy Award nomination for Best Foreign Language Film in 1974. In 1999, the film won a Golden Calf for Best Dutch Film of the Century. Katie Tippel (1975) again featured Hauer and van de Ven, but it did not match the success of Turkish Delight.

Verhoeven (center) in 1983

Verhoeven built on his reputation and achieved international success with the Golden Globe-nominated Soldier of Orange (1977),[12] starring Rutger Hauer and Jeroen Krabbé. Based on a true story about the Dutch resistance in World War II, it was written by Erik Hazelhoff Roelfzema. Soldier of Orange received the 1979 LA Film Critics Award for best foreign-language film, and it was also nominated for a Golden Globe in 1980.

In 1980, Verhoeven made Spetters with Renée Soutendijk and Rutger Hauer. The story is sometimes compared to Saturday Night Fever, but it has more explicit violence and sexuality (in this case also homosexuality), which are sometimes seen as the director's trademarks. The Fourth Man (1983) is a horror film starring Jeroen Krabbé and Renée Soutendijk. It was written by Gerard Soeteman from a novel by the Dutch writer Gerard Reve, and was Verhoeven's last Dutch production until Black Book (2006).

The Seattle Times praised Verhoeven by saying he "often appears to be a one-man Dutch movie industry".[13] The San Diego Union-Tribune called Verhoeven "a busy bee whose movies pollinate the festival circuit".[14]

Filmmaking in the United States (1983–2000)

Gerard Soeteman also wrote the script for Verhoeven's first English-language film, Flesh and Blood (1985), which starred Rutger Hauer and Jennifer Jason Leigh. Verhoeven moved to Hollywood for a wider range of opportunities in filmmaking. Working in the U.S., he made a serious change in style, directing big-budget, violent, special-effects-heavy hits RoboCop (1987) and Total Recall (1990)⁠ — each of which won an Academy Special Achievement Award: RoboCop for Sound Effects Editing and Total Recall for Visual Effects.

Presentation of Basic Instinct at the 1992 Cannes Film Festival. Left to right: Jeanne Tripplehorn, Michael Douglas, Martine Tours (Verhoeven's wife), Verhoeven, Sharon Stone and Mario Kassar.

Verhoeven followed those successes with the equally intense and provocative Basic Instinct (1992), an erotic thriller. The ninth-highest-grossing film of the year, the movie was a return to themes Verhoeven had explored in Turkish Delight and The Fourth Man. The film's most notorious scene shows Sharon Stone's character in a police interrogation, where she uncrosses her legs, briefly revealing her vulva (she does not wear underwear underneath her skirt). The film received two Academy Award nominations, for Film Editing and for Original Music.[15]

During this time, Verhoeven also worked on creating an historical epic based around the Crusades that would have starred Arnold Schwarzenegger. It went into pre-production in 1993, but a year later the studio backing it, Carolco, pulled funding for the project. Verhoeven would continue to discuss it throughout the 1990s.[16][17][18]

Verhoeven's next film was the poorly received, NC-17-rated Showgirls (1995), about a stripper in Las Vegas trying to make a career as a showgirl. It won seven Golden Raspberry Awards, including Worst Film and Worst Director; Verhoeven became the first director to accept his award in person.[19] Showgirls enjoyed a large amount of success on the home video market, generating more than $100 million from video rentals,[20] and became one of MGM's top twenty all-time bestsellers.[21]

After Basic Instinct and Showgirls Verhoeven returned to the science fiction genre, utilizing the graphic violence and special-effects tropes that had marked his earlier films, making Starship Troopers (1997), loosely based on the novel of the same name by Robert A. Heinlein,[22] and Hollow Man (2000). Each film received an Academy Award nomination for Best Visual Effects.

العودة لأوروبا (2006–2021)

After about twenty years of working and living in the United States, Verhoeven returned to the Netherlands for the shooting of a new film. Together with his screenwriter Gerard Soeteman, Verhoeven made Black Book (2006). The director was hailed by the host of the Netherlands Film Festival with the words "The return of a hero".[23] Black Book won six Golden Calves at this festival, including Best Director.[24] When the shooting of Black Book was delayed due to financial issues, there was speculation about a new production. Beast of Bataan had been announced, but once the shooting for Black Book resumed, the other film was not made.

Verhoeven at press conference at Berlinale 2017

Verhoeven was knighted in the Order of the Netherlands Lion in 2007.[25]

Since Black Book, Verhoeven has been connected to a large number of projects, but in the first decade after his return, none came to fruition. Some of those titles were produced with other directors at the helm, such as The Paperboy. In 2016, however, Verhoeven followed Black Book by directing a French film: Elle, an adaptation of a novel by Philippe Djian. A psychological thriller where Isabelle Huppert plays a rape victim, Elle was selected for the Official Competition at the Cannes International Film Festival, where it obtained very favourable reviews.

In December 2016, it was announced that Verhoeven would be the president of the jury for the 67th Berlin International Film Festival, scheduled to take place in February 2017.[26]

In April 2017, it was announced that filming of Benedetta, his next French film, would begin in August of the same year.[27][28] It is a biopic about the life of Benedetta Carlini, portrayed by Elle co-star Virginie Efira, and is an adaptation of the non-fiction book Immodest Acts: The Life of a Lesbian Nun in Renaissance Italy by Judith C. Brown.[29] In May 2018, it was announced that Charlotte Rampling would play a key supporting role.[30] The film premiered at the 2021 Cannes Film Festival in competition for the Palme d'Or.[31]

Return to filmmaking in the United States (2022–present)

Verhoeven is currently preparing his next film, which reunites him with RoboCop screenwriter Edward Neumeier. Young Sinner is an erotic political thriller set in Washington DC about a "young staffer who works for a powerful Senator [and] is drawn into a web of international intrigue and danger."[32] [needs update]


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أنشطة أخرى

Verhoeven was a member of the Jesus Seminar,[33] and he was the only member who does not have a degree in biblical studies.[34] He graduated with a degree in mathematics and physics from the University of Leiden.[35][36] Since he is not a professional biblical exegete, his membership in the Jesus Seminar has occasionally been cited by opponents of the Seminar as a sign that this group is less scholarly than it claims. For example, Luke Timothy Johnson criticizes the Jesus Seminar's methods on exegetical grounds, and also criticizes what he perceives to be a dependence on the theatrical and an attempt to manipulate the mainstream media. He singles out Verhoeven as a key player in the media activities of the Jesus Seminar.[37] On the other hand, some Jesus Seminar members were unhappy with Verhoeven's portrayal of Jesus as an eschatological prophet.[38]

In 2007, Verhoeven wrote the book Jesus of Nazareth (هولندية: Jezus van Nazaret) about the life of Jesus of Nazareth.[39] The book reviews the ideas of Jesus of Nazareth and the alleged corruption of these same ideas over the last 2,000 years. Co-written with Verhoeven's biographer Rob Van Scheers, the book is the culmination of the research Verhoeven conducted in preparation for Jesus: The Man, a motion picture about the life of Christ.[34] The book tells about the Jewish uprising against Roman rule and characterizes Jesus as a radical political activist, downplaying any supernatural events and miracles as unproved or unprovable. Jesus of Nazareth: A Realistic Portrait was released in September 2008 in Dutch, and was published in English in May 2010 by Seven Stories Press.[40]

Personal life

In 1967, Verhoeven married Martine Tours, with whom he has two daughters: Claudia (b. 1972) and Helen (b. 1974).

فيلموجرافيا

السنة الفيلم المخرج الكاتب ملاحظات
1960 One Lizard Too Many نعم Short film
1961 Nothing Special نعم
1962 The Hitchhikers نعم
1963 Let's Have a Party نعم
1965 The Marine Corps نعم Short documentary
1970 Mussert نعم Television documentary
1971 The Wrestler نعم Short film
Business Is Business نعم
1973 Turkish Delight نعم
1975 Keetje Tippel نعم
1977 Soldier of Orange نعم نعم
1980 Spetters نعم
1981 All Things Pass نعم Television film
1983 The Fourth Man نعم
1985 Flesh and Blood نعم نعم
1987 RoboCop نعم
1990 Total Recall نعم
1992 Basic Instinct نعم
1995 Showgirls نعم
1997 Starship Troopers نعم
2000 Hollow Man نعم
2006 Black Book نعم نعم
2012 Tricked نعم نعم
2016 Elle نعم
2021 Benedetta نعم نعم

Awards and nominations

Academy Awards

Year Nominated work Category Result
1973 Turkish Delight Best Foreign Language Film رُشح
2001 Hollow Man Best Visual Effects رُشح

Golden Globe Awards

Year Nominated work Category Result
1977 Soldier of Orange Best Foreign Language Film رُشح
2016 Elle فائز

BAFTA Awards

Year Nominated work Category Result
2006 Black Book Best Film Not in the English Language رُشح
2016 Elle رُشح

César Awards

Year Nominated work Category Result
2016 Elle Best Film فائز
Best Director رُشح

Saturn Awards

Year Nominated work Category Result
1987 RoboCop Best Director فائز
1990 Total Recall رُشح
1992 Basic Instinct رُشح
1997 Starship Troopers رُشح

Golden Raspberry Awards

Year Nominated work Category Result
1995 Showgirls Worst Director فائز
Awards and nominations received by Verhoeven's films
Year Title Academy Awards BAFTA Awards Golden Globe Awards
Nominations Wins Nominations Wins Nominations Wins
1974 Turkish Delight 1
1980 Soldier of Orange 1
1988 RoboCop 2 2
1990 Total Recall 2 1
1993 Basic Instinct 2 2
1998 Starship Troopers 1
2001 Hollow Man 1
2007 Black Book 1
2017 Elle 1 1 2 2
Total 10 5 5 2

انظر أيضاً

المراجع

  1. ^ "Turks fruit" (in الهولندية). Netherlands Film Festival. Archived from the original on 15 February 2016. Retrieved 3 February 2017.
  2. ^ "Zwartboek beste film aller tijden" [Black Book: best film of all time]. Cinema.nl (in الهولندية). 3 October 2008. Archived from the original on 20 July 2011. Retrieved 25 November 2010.
  3. ^ Wood, Jennifer (22 September 2015). "Showgirls': Paul Verhoeven on the Greatest Stripper Movie Ever Made". Rollingstone.com. Archived from the original on 11 June 2020. Retrieved 30 August 2021.
  4. ^ Rochlin, Margy (25 May 2008). "Step by Step, the Showgirl Must Go On". The New York Times. Retrieved 3 March 2009.
  5. ^ "How Showgirls exposed the rot of our misogynistic culture".
  6. ^ "'Showgirls' is Absurd, Problematic, and Famously Bad. 25 Years Later It's a Hate-Watch Classic". 22 September 2020.
  7. ^ أ ب ت Testelmans, Rob (2003). "Een beetje oorlog, best spannend" [A little war, quite exciting]. De cinema van Paul Verhoeven: voorbij de controverse (in الهولندية). Retrieved 17 October 2006.
  8. ^ Scheers, Rob van (20 September 2016). "Paul Verhoeven als het zoontje van het schoolhoofd". de Volkskrant (in الهولندية). Retrieved 23 December 2020.
  9. ^ "What's new?". paulverhoeven.net. Archived from the original on 20 February 2009.
  10. ^ "Paul Verhoeven profile". Wiskundemeisjes.nl (in الهولندية). Retrieved 3 February 2017.
  11. ^ "Paul Verhoeven: Biography". gonemovies.com (in الهولندية). Archived from the original on 29 January 2007. Retrieved 3 February 2017.
  12. ^ "Winners & Nominees: Soldier of Orange". Hollywood Foreign Press Association. 1980. Retrieved 3 February 2017.
  13. ^ Hartl, John (7 June 1985). "'The Fourth Man' is occult thriller that holds suspense". The Seattle Times. p. 22.
  14. ^ Elliott, David (20 July 1984). "'The Fourth Man' is half-baked film". The San Diego Union-Tribune.
  15. ^ "1993 Nominees (B)". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 3 February 2017.
  16. ^ Brew, Simon (3 March 2009). "The 7 films that Arnold Schwarzenegger never made". Den of Geek. Retrieved 25 October 2019.
  17. ^ Vigilla, Hubert (29 February 2012). "From Hell: Paul Verhoeven/Arnold Schwarzenegger's Crusade". Flixist. Archived from the original on 25 October 2019. Retrieved 25 October 2019.
  18. ^ Yakir, Dan (February 1996). "Starship Instincts". Starlog (223): 34–35 – via Internet Archive.
  19. ^ "Razzie Awards (1996)". IMDb.
  20. ^ "'Showgirls': Paul Verhoeven on Greatest Stripper Movie Ever". Rolling Stone. 22 September 2015. Archived from the original on 11 June 2020.
  21. ^ "Showgirls DVD". MGM. 28 April 2007. Archived from the original on 28 April 2007. Retrieved 25 November 2010.
  22. ^ Podgorski, Daniel (4 February 2016). "Poking Fun at Militarism: How Paul Verhoeven's Cult Classic Starship Troopers Willfully Discards Robert Heinlein's Novel". The Gemsbok. Retrieved 7 December 2016.
  23. ^ "Gala van de Nederlandse Film". filmfestival.nl (in الهولندية). 6 October 2006. Archived from the original on 4 January 2007. Retrieved 17 October 2006.
  24. ^ "Winnaars Gouden Kalveren 2006". 6 October 2006. Archived from the original on 12 March 2007. Retrieved 17 October 2006.
  25. ^ "Paul Verhoeven geridderd in Den Haag". Omroep West (in الهولندية). 27 April 2007. Retrieved 12 February 2015.
  26. ^ "Jury President of the Berlinale 2017: Paul Verhoeven". Berlinale. Archived from the original on 13 February 2018. Retrieved 9 December 2016.
  27. ^ Mitchell, Robert (26 April 2017). "Paul Verhoeven to Direct 'Blessed Virgin,' Based on True Story of Lesbian Nun". Variety.
  28. ^ "Virginie Efira retourne chez Paul Verhoeven". Le Blog d'Ecran Noir.
  29. ^ "Virginie Efira en Sainte Vierge pour le prochain Paul Verhoeven". Allociné (in الفرنسية). 26 April 2017. Retrieved 22 March 2018..
  30. ^ Wiseman, Andreas (1 May 2018). "Charlotte Rampling Set To Join Paul Verhoeven's Erotic Thriller 'Blessed Virgin'". Deadline Hollywood.
  31. ^ Lachasse, Jérôme (4 June 2020). "Festival de Cannes: un film déjà sélectionné pour l'édition 2021" [Cannes Festival: a film already selected for the 2021 edition]. BFMTV (in French).{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  32. ^ Keslassy, Elsa (7 December 2021). "Paul Verhoeven Reteams With 'RoboCop' Writer for Women-Led Erotic Thriller 'Young Sinner'". Variety. Retrieved 4 May 2022.
  33. ^ "Meet the Westar Fellows: Paul Verhoeven". westarinstitute.org. Retrieved 3 February 2017.
  34. ^ أ ب "Paul Verhoeven schrijft boek over Jezus" [Paul Verhoeven writes book about Jesus]. Katholiek Nederland (in الهولندية). 3 September 2005. Archived from the original on 11 March 2007.
  35. ^ Hakkenes, Emiel (24 October 2008). "Verhoeven is niet echt zeer geleerd". Trouw. Zijn academische titel zou Verhoeven behaald hebben aan de Universiteit Leiden. Maar is hij wel gepromoveerd? "Dan zouden wij een proefschrift van hem moeten hebben", zegt een woordvoerder van de universiteit. "Dat is niet het geval." English translation: Verhoeven would have received his academic degree at the University of Leiden. But did he receive a doctor's degree? "Then we should have a dissertation", says a spokesperson of the university. "This is not the case."
  36. ^ Shaw, Dan (January 2003). "Paul Verhoeven". Senses of Cinema. Archived from the original on 17 November 2007. Retrieved 28 November 2007.
  37. ^ Johnson, Luke Timothy (1996). The Real Jesus. HarperSanFrancisco. pp. 15–16. ISBN 978-0-0606-4166-5.
  38. ^ Allen, Charlotte (February 1995). "Away with the Manger". Lingua Franca: 27.
  39. ^ "Fondslijst Uitgeverij Bijleveld". bijleveldbooks.nl (in الهولندية). Archived from the original on 12 March 2007.
  40. ^ "Jesus of Nazareth by Paul Verhoeven". Seven Stories Press. Retrieved 3 February 2017.

وصلات خارجية

قالب:Paul Verhoeven

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