يوكوس

Yukos Oil Company
الاسم المحلي
Нефтяна́я Компа́ния Ю́КОС
الصناعة
  • استكشاف النفط والغاز
  • انتاج النفط والغاز
تأسستموسكو، روسيا (15 أبريل 1993 (1993-04-15))
انحلتنوفمبر 21, 2007 (2007-11-21)
المقر الرئيسي
موسكو
،
روسيا
الأشخاص الرئيسيون

OJSC "شركة يوكوس للنفط" (روسية: ОАО Нефтяна́я Компа́ния Ю́КОС, IPA: [ˈjukəs]؛ إنگليزية: Yukos Oil Company) كانت شركة نفط وغاز مقرها في موسكو، روسيا. يوكوس استحوذها من الحكومة الروسية بنك ميناتپ الذي يملكه الأوليگارخ الروسي ميخائيل خودوركوڤسكي أثناء the controversial مزادات "قروض مقابل حصص" في منتصف 1990[1]. Between 1996 and 2003 Yukos became one of the biggest and most successful Russian companies, producing 20% of Russia's oil output. In October 2003, Khodorkovsky—by then the richest man in Russia and 16th richest man in the world—was arrested, and the company was forcibly broken up for alleged unpaid taxes shortly after and declared bankrupt in August 2006.[2] Courts in several countries later ruled that the real intent was to destroy Yukos and obtain its assets for the government, and act politically against Khodorkovsky. In 2014 the largest arbitration award in history, $50 billion (€37,2 billion), was won by Yukos' former owners against Russia.[3]. However this $50 billion award by the Permanent Court of Arbitration has been thrown out by the local court in The Hague as invalid.[4]

From 2003-04 onwards, the Russian government presented Yukos with a series of tax claims totaling US$27 billion (€20,1 billion). As the government froze Yukos' assets at the same time, and alternative attempts to settle by Yukos were refused, the company was unable to pay these tax demands.[5] Between 2004 and 2007, most of Yukos's assets were seized and transferred for a fraction of their value to state-owned oil companies.[6]


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التأسيس والسنوات المبكرة

ميخائيل خودوركوڤسكي—زعيم سابق للشبيبة الشيوعية تحول إلى بليونير—في 2001

The company was created on April 15, 1993 by Resolution №. 354 of the Russian government, following Presidential Decree №. 1403 (November 17, 1992),[بحاجة لمصدر] which had directed the government to transfer its directly owned oil and gas operations into separate companies, in preparation for privatization, with the aim of developing the oil and gas sector in Russia.


انظر أيضاً

المراجع

  1. ^ "Timeline: The rise and fall of Yukos". http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/4041551.stm. May 31, 2005. Archived from the original on 2012-07-24. {{cite web}}: External link in |website= (help); Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  2. ^ "Yukos Creditors Told Russian Oil Company Is Doomed". Bloomberg. July 25, 2006. Retrieved 2008-08-31.
  3. ^ https://www.reuters.com/article/2014/07/28/us-russia-yukos-gml-idUSKBN0FX0O620140728
  4. ^ "Dutch court quashes $50 billion Yukos shareholders’ award" --AP news
  5. ^ "Yukos case against Russia begins at European court". BBC News. March 4, 2010.
  6. ^ "Russian state oil company wins another Yukos auction". New York Times. August 8, 2007.

وصلات خارجية


Global Arbitration Review

EN Charter

RIAN

آخرون

بيانات


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مقالات

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