هانگا رؤا

Coordinates: 27°08′S 109°25′W / 27.133°S 109.417°W / -27.133; -109.417
هذا المقال هو عن البلدة الرئيسية في جزيرة عيد الفصح. إذا كنت تريد منطقة هانگا رؤا في نيوزيلندا، انظر نهر هانگا رؤا.
هانگا رؤا
Hanga Roa
المرفأ في هانگا رؤا
المرفأ في هانگا رؤا
جزيرة عيد الفصح، خريطة تبيّن هانگا رؤا، Terevaka, رانو كاو, ومطار ماتاڤري الدولي، وكذلك المعالم السياحية الرئيسية أورونگو، رانو راراكو، آهو تونگاريكي و آناكـِنا.
جزيرة عيد الفصح، خريطة تبيّن هانگا رؤا، Terevaka, رانو كاو, ومطار ماتاڤري الدولي، وكذلك المعالم السياحية الرئيسية أورونگو، رانو راراكو، آهو تونگاريكي و آناكـِنا.
هانگا رؤا is located in المحيط الهادي
هانگا رؤا
هانگا رؤا
الموقع في المحيط الهادي
الإحداثيات: 27°08′S 109°25′W / 27.133°S 109.417°W / -27.133; -109.417
البلد تشيلي
المنطقة منطقة ڤالپارايسو
المقاطعة جزيرة عيد الفصح
Commune جزيرة عيد الفصح
تأسست9 سبتمبر 1888
التعداد
7٬322
منطقة التوقيتUTC−06:00
 • الصيف (التوقيت الصيفي)UTC−05:00
ClimateAf

هانگا رؤا أو هانجا روا ( Hanga Roa ؛ النطق الإسپاني: [ˈ(x)aŋɡa ˈro.a]؛ Rapa Nui: Haŋa Roa، النطق بالـ راپا نوئي: [ˈha.ŋa ˈɾo.a]) (بالإسپانية: Bahía Larga) هي عاصمة جزيرة عيد الفصح، تشيلي، وهي واقعة في المنطقة الجنوبية الغربية من الجزيرة. عدد السكان فيها 7٬322 نسمة (إحصائية 2022)، ويمثل ذلك أكثر من 87% من سكان الجزيرة بالكامل. الطريق الرئيسي، "أفينيدا بوليكاربو تورو"، هو قلب البلدة. العديد من المخازن، والفنادق، والمطاعم، والسوق المركزي والصيدلية الوحيدين في الجزيرة يقعون بجانب هذا الطريق. متحف الجزيرة الوحيد والكنيسة الكاثوليكية الرومانية، الذي يعملان كمراكز روحية واجتماعية لعامة الناس، يقعان في وسط البلدة. بوصول الإنترنت وتوسع خدمات الاتصال بالحكومة التشيلية، العديد من مقاهي الإنترنت وحتى مكائن سحب النقود ظهرت ضمن السنوات القليلة الماضية. مطار هانجا روا وهو "مطار ماتافيري الدولي" يقع في المدينة.

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التاريخ

Hanga Roa in the native Rapa Nui language means "wide bay" or "long bay".[1]

Upon Chile's claim of the island, the Rapa Nui were forced in Hanga Roa, and the rest of the land was leased to a sheep farm.[2] For much of the twentieth century, the rest of the island was leased to the Compañía Explotadora de la Isla de Pascua (CEDIP) (a subsidiary of Williamson-Balfour Company) and closed to the Rapa Nui.

Some disagreements between the government of Chile and the Rapa Nui have led the locals with ancestral roots to "take over" many hotels in the city. For the locals, it is a way to draw the line between the Chilean government's policy-making in the island, and the Rapa Nui's ancestral rights on their land.[2] In 2011, the Schiess family, owner of the Hanga Roa Hotel, donated back the land of the hotel to the Rapa Nui, but retained a 30-year management lease of the hotel.[3] A week before, the Schiess family had personally shipped a special force squad from the Carabineros de Chile to remove the locals who squatted the hotel.[4] A prior police intervention in August 2010 had led to 25 Rapa Nui protesters being wounded.[5]


الجغرافيا

The island's main avenue, Avenida Atamu Tekena (formerly Avenida Policarpo Toro), is the heart of the town. Many hotels, restaurants, grocery stores and pharmacies are found alongside this road. In 1998, the road was renamed after nineteenth century Rapanui king Atamu Te Kena; it had previously been named after Captain Policarpo Toro, the Chilean Naval officer who annexed Easter Island to Chile in 1888.[6] The island's museum, and also the Roman Catholic "Holy Cross Church", are located in the center of town. With the advent of the Internet and the expansion of communication services by the Chilean government, many internet cafes and automated teller machines (ATM) have appeared in recent years.[بحاجة لمصدر]

التعداد

In 1914, the population of Hanga Roa was just 250 and the rest of the island was inhabited by large populations of sheep.[بحاجة لمصدر]

The population of Easter Island was last measured at 7,750 people. The main town of Easter Island is Hanga Roa. Its population was last measured at 7,322 residents. This means that roughly that 95% of the island's population live in this city.[7][8]

الاقتصاد

السياحة

The town has a number of hotels and guesthouses which cater for tourists who come to see the island's World Heritage Sites, in particular the famous moai statues. Hanga Roa and the surrounding area have a number of moai, but there are larger ones elsewhere on the island. Total capacity is about 2,500 beds as of 2022, ranging from camping sites to luxury hotels, including hotel Hanga Roa.[9]

The Ahu Tahai archaeological complex is within a walking distance from the city's center.[7] Every year, the city is home to the farandula cultural festival, a months-long event when the locals sculpt giant wooden statues. The celebration includes a habit where people get nude and bath in clay that covers their bodies.[10][11]

أنشطة أخرى

In addition to tourism, other businesses in Hanga Roa include fishing, farming and administration. Several Chilean government departments including the Chilean Navy maintain a presence on the island.[بحاجة لمصدر]

The harbour has a shipping service to Valparaíso, Chile.[بحاجة لمصدر] In April 2018, the freighter Lago Icalma, parked in the port of Hanga Roa, was struck by a barge. A fuel tank was ruptured, leaking diesel fuel in the waters of the port. The surrounding beaches were also blackened by the spread of the black liquid.[12]

البنية التحتية

النقل

The island's only airport, Mataveri International Airport, is served by LATAM Airlines, Chile's national carrier, which offers direct 5-hour flights from Santiago. It is the only commercial carrier that regularly serves the island.[7]

الصحة

A new hospital was opened in 2013, replacing an older one donated in the 1970s by the United States. The hospital has a capacity of 16 beds, and includes a delivery ward designed to also allow the practice of folk medicine. It is the only healthcare facility on the island.[13]

التعليم

Among several schools are the Colegio Lorenzo Baeza Vega, which offers primary education with a focus on teaching traditional culture and language,[14] and Liceo Aldea Educativa, which offers qualification in the areas of humanist studies, tourism and agriculture.[15]

الرياضة

Hanga Roa has a multi-use stadium, the Estadio de Hanga Roa, which is the home ground of the CF Rapa Nui, the football team representing Easter Island.[بحاجة لمصدر]

الوصول للغذاء

The regular consumer brands sold in grocery stores are expensive due to the costly and time-consuming trip required to import those products. Locals informally sell fish, meat and vegetables. The tuna empanada is the city's favourite snack.[7]

معرض صور

  • Several Hanga Roa moai, including Ko Te Riku (with a pukao on its head). In the mid-ground is a side view of an ahu with five moai. The Mataveri end of Hanga Roa is visible in the background with Rano Kau rising above it.

    Several Hanga Roa moai, including Ko Te Riku (with a pukao on its head). In the mid-ground is a side view of an ahu with five moai. The Mataveri end of Hanga Roa is visible in the background with Rano Kau rising above it.

  • The Roman Catholic Holy Cross Church

    The Roman Catholic Holy Cross Church

  • The "Plaza de Hanga Roa"

    The "Plaza de Hanga Roa"

  • New Hospital of Hanga Roa

    New Hospital of Hanga Roa

انظر أيضاً


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الهامش

  1. ^ Hanga Roa, Imagina
  2. ^ أ ب Annie Murphy, For Chile, Colossal Trouble On Easter Island, Npr.org, 9 September 2010 (accessed on 31 May 2019)
  3. ^ (in إسپانية) Héctor Aravena, Familia Schiess decide donar terrenos de Hotel Hanga Roa a Isla de Pascua, Emol.com, 18 February 2011 (accessed on 31 May 2019)
  4. ^ (in إسپانية) Desalojan a pascuenses de hotel Hanga Roa, Elmostrador.cl, 6 February 2011 (accessed on 31 May 2019)
  5. ^ Easter Islanders' battle for their ancestral land ends in bloodshed, France24.com, 12 August 2010 (accessed on 31 May 2019)
  6. ^ Steven R. Fischer: The island at the end of the world. Reaktion Books, 2005, p. 248. ISBN 1-86189-282-9
  7. ^ أ ب ت ث Samai Haider, Hanga Roa – Launching Pad for Visiting the Moai, Thedailystar.net, 17 August 2018 (accessed on 31 May 2019)
  8. ^ "Easter Island Population 2024". World Population Review.
  9. ^ Laborde, Antonia (2022-07-18). "La Isla de Pascua se prepara para mostrar de nuevo su misterioso patrimonio tras dos años de aislamiento". El País (in الإسبانية). Retrieved 2022-11-20.
  10. ^ (in فرنسية) Mike Leyral, Farandula: le carnaval de l'Île de Pâques ou l'exubérance des corps, Lepoint.fr, 19 February 2015 (accessed on 31 May 2019)
  11. ^ Gallery: Easter Island's Carnival magic seduces locals, tourists, Enca.com, 21 February 2015 (accessed on 31 May 2019)
  12. ^ Photos: Fuel Spill at Easter Island's Main Harbor, Maritime-executive.com, 26 April 2018 (accessed on 31 May 2019)
  13. ^ "Inauguran Hospital Hanga Roa en Isla de Pascua" (in الإسبانية). Infraestructura Hospitalaria. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015.
  14. ^ "Colegio Lorenzo Baeza Vega, inaugura sector especial para clases de Interculturalidad" (in الإسبانية). Municipality of Rapa Nui. Archived from the original on 15 October 2019. Retrieved 31 July 2020.
  15. ^ "Educación DAEM" (in الإسبانية). Municipality of Rapa Nui. Archived from the original on 25 January 2021. Retrieved 31 July 2020.

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