نگري سمبيلن دار الخصوص

Coordinates: 2°45′N 102°15′E / 2.750°N 102.250°E / 2.750; 102.250
(تم التحويل من نجري سمبيلن)
"Negri Sembilan" and "Darul Khusus" redirect here. For other uses, see Negri (disambiguation). For Malaysian states (negeri) in general, see States and federal territories of Malaysia. For the Egyptian city, see Khusus.
Negeri Sembilan
Nogoghi Sombilan
State
Negeri Sembilan Darul Khusus
نݢري سمبيلن دار الخصوص
الترجمة اللفظية بالـ Other
 • Jawiنݢري سمبيلن
 • Chinese森美兰 (Simplified)
森美蘭 (Traditional)
 • Tamilநெகிரி செம்பிலான்
Nekiri Cempilāṉ (Transliteration)
علم Negeri Sembilan
Flag
درع Negeri Sembilan
Coat of arms
الكنية: 
Negeri Beradat
Customary State
النشيد: Berkatlah Yang DiPertuan Besar Negeri Sembilan
Bless the Great Ruler of Negeri Sembilan
   Negeri Sembilan in    Malaysia
   Negeri Sembilan in    Malaysia
OpenStreetMap
الإحداثيات: 2°45′N 102°15′E / 2.750°N 102.250°E / 2.750; 102.250
Capital
(and largest city) 		Seremban
Royal capitalSeri Menanti
الحكومة
 • النوعParliamentary constitutional elective monarchy
 • Yang di-Pertuan BesarMuhriz
 • Menteri BesarAminuddin Harun (PH-PKR)
 • Leader of the Oppositionvacant
المساحة
[1]
 • الإجمالي6٬686 كم² (2٬581 ميل²)
أعلى منسوب
(Mount Besar Hantu)
1٬462 m (4٬796 ft)
التعداد
 (2015)[2]
 • الإجمالي1٬098٬500
 • الكثافة160/km2 (430/sq mi)
صفة المواطنNegri[3] (i.e. "Negriwoman", "Negri folk" etc.)
Human Development Index
 • HDI (2019)0.829 (very high) (5th)
Postal code
70xxx to 73xxx
Calling code06
لوحة السيارةN
Federated into FMS1895
Japanese occupation1942
Accession into the Federation of Malaya1948
Independence as part of the Federation of Malaya31 August 1957
الموقع الإلكترونيwww.ns.gov.my

نگري سمبيلن دار الخصوص (بالجاوي: "نڬري سمبيلن دار الخصوص" وبالبهاسا: "Negeri Sembilan") هي احد الأقاليم الماليزية على الساحل الغربي لشبه جزيرة الملايو. وتعني "التسعة أقاليم" بلغة البهاسا. تسمى الولايات التسع معًا الملايو. لها حدود مشتركة مع سلاڠور شمالاً، وپهڠ شرقًا، وجوهور وملقا جنوبا، ولها ساحل قصير في الغرب حيث تلتقي بمضيق ملقا.

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أصل الاسم

The name Negeri Sembilan is believed to derive from the nine (sembilan) chiefdoms or Nogoghi in the Negeri Sembilan dialect (now known as luak) settled by the Minangkabau. The size of Negeri Sembilan is now smaller than the original size of Negeri Sembilan.

The confederation of original nine chiefdoms (luak) of Negeri Sembilan, at Raja Melewar's accession in 1773.
Luaks of modern Negeri Sembilan. The unlabeled luak south of Sungai Ujong is Linggi. State Museum, Seremban.


التاريخ

Historical affiliations Period
Malacca Sultanate 1400–1511
Flag of Johor (1855–1865).svg Johor Sultanate 1511–1773
Negeri Sembilan (first iteration) 1773–mid 19th century
Confederacy of Seri Menanti 1889–1895
نگري سمبيلن دار الخصوص Negeri Sembilan (modern) 1895–present
ولايات الملايو المتحدة Federated Malay States 1895–1941
إمبراطورية اليابان Empire of Japan 1942–1945
اتحاد الملايو Malayan Union 1946–1948
اتحاد الملايو Federation of Malaya 1948–1963
ماليزيا Malaysia 1963–present

التاريخ القديم والوسيط

The earliest possible human settlement in Negeri Sembilan can be traced back around 14 kya in the Pasoh Caves, a complex of karst caves near Simpang Pertang in the district of Jelebu. Some of the artefacts found around the caves include stone tools and food leftovers, and they are estimated to be used around 12,000 BCE based on carbon dating.[4] Other early inhabitants of Negeri Sembilan were the ancestors of the Semelai, Semai, Semang, and Jakun peoples, who lived either as hunter-gatherer nomads or as subsistence farmers.

According to the Malay Annals, Parameswara reportedly visited the settlement of Sening Ujong, which was located in what is now Seremban.

خلال القرن الخامس عشر الميلادي هاجر كثيرون من شعب الميناڠكابو من سومطرة إلى نجري سمبلان ومنحهم سلطان ملقا القوي حينذاك حمايته. عند سقوط ملقا في أيدي البرتغاليين في بداية القرن السادس عشر أصبحت ولايات المينانغكابو تحت حماية سلاطين جوهور. لكن في أوائل القرن الثامن عشر لم تعد جوهور قادرة على حماية أهل المينانغكابو ضد جماعة البوجينيين، وهم تجار من سيلبيز (سلاويسي) التي هي الآن في إندونيسيا، كانوا قد استقروا في سيلانجور. ويعتقد الكثيرون أن أهل مينانغكابو توجهوا عندئذ إلى الأسرة الملكية في بلدهم الأصلي سومطرة، يطلبون أميرًا يعمل على جمع الولايات التسع المنفصلة في اتحاد فدرالي. وكان هذا الأمير راجاميليوار الذي أصبح في عام 1773م أول حاكم في نجري سمبلان.[5][6]

Headwaters of the Muar River near Kuala Pilah. The Muar, along with the Linggi, was one of the most important trade routes in medieval Negeri Sembilan.

لكن إقامة تلك الكونفدرالية لم يحقق الوحدة الدائمة. وخلال المائة سنة التالية كان هناك صراع بين الولايات. في منتصف القرن التاسع عشر أصبحت سونجاي يونج مركزاً يتدافع نحوه الطامعون في القصدير، وراح التجار وعمال التعدين الصينيون يتصارعون من أجل السيطرة على تجارة القصدير.

التاريخ الاستعماري

A 1949 5-dollar stamp of the Federation of Malaya, bearing the state's arms.

في عام 1874م تدخل البريطانيون وعينوا مقيمًا (ممثلا للحكومة) في سونجاي يونج. وفي الثمانينيات من القرن التاسع عشر عين البريطانيون موظفين في الولايات الأخرى الأعضاء في الكونفدرالية، وأصبحت نجري سمبلان مرة أخرى كونفدرالية تحت حاكم مقيم بريطاني واحد في عام 1875م. في العام التالي شكّلت هذه الولاية مع سيلانجور وبيراق وباهانج ولايات الملايو الفدرالية وعاصمتها الفيدرالية كوالا لامبور.

في أواخر القرن التاسع عشر وبداية القرن العشرين أصبحت الولاية منطقة مهّمة لإنتاج المطاط، ووفد إليها هنود كثيرون راحوا يعملون في استحلاب المطاط من الأشجار. وفي عام 1948م أصبحت نجري سمبلان جزءًا من الاتحاد الفيدرالي الماليزي الذي استقلّ عن الحكم البريطاني في عام 1957م.

التاريخ الحديث

Negeri Sembilan endured Japanese occupation in World War II between 1942 and 1945, joined the Federation of Malaya in 1948, and became a state of Malaysia in 1963.

In the 1990s and 2000s, Seremban and Nilai attracted people who moved in from the overcrowded towns of the Klang Valley. These two cities also became the sites of new factories and industrial parks, accelerating the development of the state into modern times.

On 9 September 2009, the Ministry of Housing and Local Government approved the state capital of Seremban's application to become a city (Bandar Raya), as it had attracted enough people to become large. In order for that to happen, its city council had to be merged with the Nilai Municipal Council. After several times when it was postponed, Seremban achieved the status of a city on 20 January 2020. Later that year on 9 November, Negeri Sembilan was subjected to the Movement Control Order lockdown due to increasing COVID-19 infections.

الجغرافيا

A distant view of the Titiwangsa Mountains from Port Dickson District.
The western end of the Linggi River basin, as seen from space. Also seen here is the town of Tampin (to the right side of the picture), at the southern tip of the Titiwangsa Mountains.

Facing the Strait of Malacca, Negeri Sembilan is one of the West Coast states of Peninsular Malaysia, and is specifically belong to the southern region, along with Malacca and Johor, [7][8][9] although some sources define Negeri Sembilan as a central region state with Selangor and the federal territories of Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya.[10] Roughly the same size as Selangor, Negeri Sembilan wields a total land area of 6,686 km² (430 sq mi). It is the fourth smallest state in Malaysia by area as well as the second largest in the southern region behind Johor.

On the administrative level, Negeri Sembilan consists of seven districts, namely Port Dickson, Seremban, Rembau, Kuala Pilah, Jelebu, Jempol and Tampin Districts, and further sectioned into 14 respective luaks. The following luaks are Sungai Ujong, Rembau, Jelebu, Johol, Tampin, Ulu Muar, Terachi, Inas, Jempol, Gunung Pasir, Gemencheh, Pasir Besar, Air Kuning, and Linggi. Sungai Ujong, Rembau, Johol and Jelebu are governed by the Undangs, thus they are known as the Luak Berundang. In addition, there are four luaks that are protected under two of the Luak Berundang, which are Gemencheh, Air Kuning and Pasir Besar, which are protectorates of Johol; as well as Linggi, a protectorate of Sungai Ujong. Luaks that surround Seri Menanti such as Terachi, Ulu Muar, Jempol, Gunung Pasir and Inas are collectively known as the Luak Tanah Mengandung. The Luak of Tampin, also known as the Adat Territory of Tampin (Malay: Wilayah Adat Tampin) is autonomous and is ruled by the Tunku Besar.[11][12]

The topographical profile of Negeri Sembilan is composed of two vast plains divided by a mountainous spine in the middle, well drained by various rivers. The Titiwangsa Mountains, the southernmost extension of the Tenasserim Hills and the wider Indo-Malayan Cordillera, spans for approximately 92 km through the middle of the state from the border tripoint with Pahang and Selangor near Kenaboi, Jelebu towards Tampin, close to the border with Malacca. For this reason, this results in the state being bisected into two regions, namely western Negeri Sembilan - consisting of Port Dickson, Seremban and Rembau Districts; and eastern Negeri Sembilan, which covers the districts of Jelebu, Kuala Pilah, Jempol and Tampin. The western half seems to be more developed and has an intricate and concentrated road network than the latter, which is much more rural. The Negri stretch of the Titiwangsa Mountains is also part of the Titiwangsa Forest Complex, a component of the Central Forest Spine conservation area that covers much of the heavily forested and mountainous interior of Peninsular Malaysia. Mount Besar Hantu, at 1,462 m (4,797 ft), located in Jelebu District, is the highest point in Negeri Sembilan.

The state is mostly drained by the Linggi and Muar Rivers. Both rivers play a vital role as major sources of water supply for much of the state's populace. The Linggi River basin constitutes much of western Negeri Sembilan, while the Muar River basin covers the state's eastern half. In addition, the Muar River basin also overlaps with the Pahang River basin at the districts of Jelebu and Jempol.


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السطح

قسم كبير من نجري سمبلان جبلي، يمتد الجزء الجنوبي من سلسلة الجبال الرئيسية (بانجدان تيتي وانغسا) من الشمال إلى الجنوب عبر الولاية. ومن هذه السلسلة الجبلية تنحدر عدة أنهر شرقًا وتنساب عبر المناطق المنخفضة في الشرق قبل أن تلتقي بروافد نهر باهانج. وإلى الغرب من سلسلة الجبال الرئيسية تظل الأرض إلى حدٍ كبير تلّية حتى الساحل تقريبًا. وينحدر من هذا الجزء من الولاية عدد من الأنهر الصغيرة. ويتكون معظم الساحل القصير من الصخور والرمال وفيه رؤوس قليلة الأهمية في پورت دكسن ورأس رشادو.

Climate

Negeri Sembilan experiences equatorial climate (Köppen climate classification: Af), which is hot and humid all year round. Thunderstorms are mostly prevalent during the period of monsoonal transitions that occur twice a year. Dry seasons usually starts shortly after the first monsoonal transition and lasts until August to September, as the moisture brought by the southwesterly Indo-Australian Monsoon are blocked by the Barisan Mountains in Sumatera, creating a rainshadow effect on the eastern coast of the island and the Malay Peninsula. In the corresponding Borneo-Australian Monsoon that blows from the northeast, Negeri Sembilan, along with the states of Melaka, Johor, and the east coastal states of Kelantan, Terengganu and Pahang are the most affected by the monsoonal surge that brings persistently heavy rainfall and caused rough sea conditions in the South China Sea.

Climate data for Seremban
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 30.9
(87.6) 		31.7
(89.1) 		32.5
(90.5) 		32.2
(90.0) 		31.7
(89.1) 		31.3
(88.3) 		31.1
(88.0) 		30.9
(87.6) 		31.2
(88.2) 		31.2
(88.2) 		31.0
(87.8) 		31.0
(87.8) 		31.4
(88.5)
Daily mean °C (°F) 26.6
(79.9) 		27.2
(81.0) 		27.7
(81.9) 		27.8
(82.0) 		27.5
(81.5) 		27.1
(80.8) 		26.9
(80.4) 		26.8
(80.2) 		26.9
(80.4) 		27.0
(80.6) 		26.9
(80.4) 		26.8
(80.2) 		27.1
(80.8)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 22.3
(72.1) 		22.7
(72.9) 		22.9
(73.2) 		23.4
(74.1) 		23.4
(74.1) 		23.0
(73.4) 		22.7
(72.9) 		22.8
(73.0) 		22.7
(72.9) 		22.8
(73.0) 		22.9
(73.2) 		22.6
(72.7) 		22.9
(73.1)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 114
(4.5) 		110
(4.3) 		178
(7.0) 		232
(9.1) 		180
(7.1) 		119
(4.7) 		127
(5.0) 		143
(5.6) 		158
(6.2) 		237
(9.3) 		252
(9.9) 		193
(7.6) 		2٬043
(80.3)
Source: Climate-Data.org[13]

الحكومة

Constitution

The Constitution of Negeri Sembilan came into force on 26 March 1959. It is divided into two sections. The constitution establishes that the state's form of government is constitutional monarchy and the world's only elective monarchy for matrilineal society. The system was partially the basis for the federal monarchy.

الحاكم

Istana Seri Menanti
Seremban, capital of Negeri Sembilan.

The official constitutional title of the Ruler of the state are Duli Yang Maha Mulia Yang di-Pertuan Besar Negeri Sembilan, (currently Duli Yang Maha Mulia Yang di-Pertuan Besar Negeri Sembilan Darul Khusus Tuanku Muhriz ibni Almarhum Tuanku Munawir), Yang Teramat Mulia Undang of Sungei Ujong, Yang Teramat Mulia Undang of Jelebu, Yang Teramat Mulia Undang of Johol, Yang Teramat Mulia Undang of Rembau and Yang Teramat Mulia Tengku Besar Tampin and they holds office for life.

The state's constitution proclaims the Yang di-Pertuan Besar, Undang of Sungei Ujong, Undang of Jelebu, Undang of Johol, Undang of Rembau and Tengku Besar Tampin are vested with the Executive Power of the state, are the Head of the Religion of Islam in the state and are the fountain of all honour and dignity for the state. The current Yang di-Pertuan Besar is His Royal Highness Tuanku Muhriz ibni Almarhum Tuanku Munawir. His Royal Highness succeeds Almarhum Tuanku Jaafar Ibni Almarhum Tuanku Abdul Rahman who died on 27 December 2008.

Unlike Malaysia's eight other Royal Malay states, the Ruler of Negeri Sembilan is elected to his office by the territorial chiefs or Ruling Chiefs of the state. These Ruling Chiefs are titled Undang. Only four of the Undangs have the right to vote in the election for the Ruler of the State. They are:

  • The Undang of Sungai Ujong
  • The Undang of Jelebu
  • The Undang of Johol
  • The Undang of Rembau

The Undang themselves cannot stand for election, and their choice of Ruler is limited to a male Muslim who is Malay and also a "lawfully begotten descendant of Raja Radin ibni Raja Lenggang".

The Assembly convenes at the Wisma Negeri in the state capital, Seremban.

السلطتان التنفيذية والتشريعية

المقالة الرئيسية: Negeri Sembilan State Executive Council and Negeri Sembilan State Legislative Assembly
انظر أيضاً: Menteri Besar of Negeri Sembilan
Wisma Negeri, Seremban

The State Executive Council consists of the Menteri Besar, who is its chairman, and ten other members. The Menteri Besar and the other members of the council are appointed by the Yang Di-Pertuan Besar from the members of the State Assembly of the governing party or coalition. The current Menteri Besar or Chief Minister of the state is Aminuddin Harun.

The unicameral Negeri Sembilan State Legislative Assembly is the state legislature of Negeri Sembilan. It consists of 36 members who represent single-member constituencies throughout the state. Elections are held no more than five years apart, and are usually conducted simultaneously with elections to the federal parliament.

DUN Negeri Sembilan 2023.svg
Affiliation Coalition/Party Leader Status Seats
2023 election Current
    
     		Pakatan Harapan
Barisan Nasional 		Aminuddin Harun Government 31 31
     Perikatan Nasional Vacant Opposition 5 5
Government majority 26 26


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الأقسام

  • Negeri Sembilan State Financial Office[14]
  • Negeri Sembilan Public Works Department[15]
  • Office of Lands and Mines Negeri Sembilan[16]
  • Negeri Sembilan Irrigation and Drainage Department[17]
  • Negeri Sembilan State Forestry Department[18]
  • Negeri Sembilan State Agriculture Department[19]
  • Negeri Sembilan Social Welfare Department[20]
  • Negeri Sembilan Town and Country Planning Department[21]
  • Department of Veterinary Services of Negeri Sembilan[22]
  • Negeri Sembilan State Mufti Department[23]
  • Negeri Sembilan State Islamic Religious Affairs Department[24]
  • Negeri Sembilan Syariah Judiciary Department[25]

Statutory bodies

  • Negeri Sembilan State Islamic Religious Council[26]
  • Negeri Sembilan State Museum Board[27]
  • Negeri Sembilan Public Library Corporation[28]
  • Negeri Sembilan Foundation[29]
  • Negeri Sembilan State Development Corporation[30]

التقسيمات الإدارية

المقالة الرئيسية: List of districts in Malaysia and List of local governments in Malaysia

The state comprises 7 districts, which in turn divided into 61 mukims.

Districts in Negeri Sembilan
Negeri Sembilan districts numbered.svg
Number District Seat Area (km2) Mukim Local government level[31]
1 Seremban Seremban 935.02 Ampangan, Labu, Lenggeng, Pantai, Rasah, Rantau, Seremban City, Setul City[32]
2 Port Dickson Port Dickson 572.35 Jimah, Linggi, Pasir Panjang, Port Dickson Town, Si Rusa Municipality[33]
3 Rembau Rembau 415.12 Batu Hampar, Bongek, Chembong, Chengkau, Gadong, Kundur, Legong Hilir, Legong Hulu, Miku, Nerasau, Pedas, Pilin, Selemak, Semerbok, Sepri, Tanjung Keling, Titian Bintangor District council[34]
4 Jelebu Kuala Klawang 1,349.89 Glami Lemi, Kenaboi, Kuala Klawang, Peradong, Pertang, Triang Hilir, Ulu Klawang, Ulu Triang District council[35]
5 Kuala Pilah Kuala Pilah 1,090.40 Ampang Tinggi, Johol, Juasseh, Kepis, Langkap, Parit Tinggi, Pilah, Seri Menanti, Terachi, Ulu Jempol, Ulu Muar District council[36]
6 Jempol Bandar Seri Jempol 1,490.87 Jelai, Kuala Jempol, Rompin, Serting Ilir, Serting Ulu Municipality[34]
7 Tampin Tampin 878.69 Ayer Kuning, Gemencheh, Keru, Repah, Tampin Tengah, Tebong
Autonomous sub-district: Gemas 		District council[37]

السكان

Historical population
YearPop.±%
1970 481٬563—    
1980 551٬442+14.5%
1991 692٬897+25.7%
2000 829٬774+19.8%
2010 986٬204+18.9%
2020 1٬199٬974+21.7%
Source: قالب:My10

الأعراق

Negeri Sembilan has a collective population of 1,098,500 as of 2015;[2][38] the ethnic composition consisting of Malays 622,000 (56.6%) (mostly are Minangkabau descent), other Bumiputras 20,700 (1.9%), Chinese 234,300 (21.3%), Indian 154,000 (14%), Others 4,200 (0.4%), and Non Citizens 63,300 (5.8%).[2] The state has the highest percentage of Indians when compared to other Malaysian states. Up until today the state is known as the strongholds of Adat Perpatih in Malaysia.

الدين

Religion in Negeri Sembilan - 2010 Census[39]
religion percent
Islam
  
 60.3%
Buddhism
  
 21.2%
Hinduism
  
 13.4%
Christianity
  
 2.4%
Unknown / None
  
 1.1%
No Religion
  
 0.8%
Chinese Ethnic Religion
  
 0.5%
Others
  
 0.3%

According to the 2010 census, the population of Negeri Sembilan is 60.3% Muslim, 21.2% Buddhist, 13.4% Hindu, 2.4% Christian, 1.1% of unknown affiliation, 0.8% non-religious, 0.5% Taoist or Chinese religion follower, and 0.3% of followers of other religions.

Statistics from the 2010 Census indicate that 92.9% of the Chinese population in Negeri Sembilan is identified as Buddhists, with significant minority of adherents identifying as Christians (3.6%), Chinese folk religions (1.9%) and Muslims (0.8%). The majority of the Indian population are Hindus (89.0%), with a significant minorities of numbers identifying as Christians (5.0%), Muslims (3.2%) and Buddhists (1.4%). The non-Malay Bumiputera community are predominantly Atheists (39.7%), with significant minorities identifying as Christians (28.3%) and Muslims (20.2%). All Malays are Muslims.[40]

اللغات

Negeri Sembilan is a multiethnic state in which every ethnic group speaks their respective languages and dialects. The Negeri Sembilanese people speak a unique variety of Malay known as Negeri Sembilan Malay or in their native language as Baso Nogoghi. It is not closely related to other varieties of Malay in Peninsular Malaysia but more closely related with Malay varieties spoken in neighbouring Sumatra especially varieties of Minangkabau. Besides Malays, the Chinese community also speak their languages and dialects. Orang Asli peoples like Temuans speak a language closely related to Malay. Standard Malay is widely used throughout the state.

Tamil (mother tongue to Indian Tamils and Ceylon Tamils) is used as a lingua franca among the other minor Indian communities. Besides, a small number of Telugu, Malayalam and Punjabi exist in the towns of Negeri Sembilan.

الاقتصاد

Sime Darby oil palm estate in Port Dickson District

تعتبر نجري سمبلان منطقة مهمة لإنتاج المطاط. ومن محاصيلها التجارية الرئيسية الأخرى منتجات الغابات وزيت النخيل. كذلك أصبحت نجري سمبلان مركزًا للتطور الصناعي وبخاصة في مجالات الإلكترونيات (الكهربائية) وصناعة الأغذية والنسيج والآجُرّ الخزفي (السيراميك). ومن ميزات نجري سمبلان أنها قريبة من كوالا لمپور ومن الميناء البحري الرئيسي في پورت كلاڠ.

The state's manufacturing sector contributes almost half of the state's gross domestic product (GDP), followed by services and tourism (40.3%), agriculture (6%), construction (2.2%) and mining (0.3%). Manufacturing activities include electrical supplies and electronics, textiles, furniture, chemicals, machinery, metal works and rubber products. The main industrial areas in Negeri Sembilan include Senawang, Bandar Sri Sendayan, Sungai Gadut, Bandar Enstek and Nilai in Seremban, Tanah Merah in Port Dickson and Chembong in Rembau. Notable companies also set up their plants in Negeri Sembilan, such as Kellogg's, Dutch Lady, Ajinomoto and Coca-Cola in Bandar Enstek, Hino Motors in Bandar Sri Sendayan, Yakult in Seremban 2, Samsung SDI, Onsemi and NXP Semiconductors in Senawang, and Nestlé in Chembong. Nestlé's Chembong plant is also the largest Milo manufacturer in the world, as well as the company's largest global centre of excellence.

Negeri Sembilan is mainly an agricultural state. However, the establishment of several industrial estates enhanced the manufacturing sector as a significant contributor to the state economy. Two districts in the western half of the state - Seremban and Port Dickson - have been gazetted as part of the Malaysia Vision Valley (MVV, Malay: Lembah Wawasan Malaysia), a 1530 sq km new growth corridor conceived from the joint venture between Sime Darby and both the federal and state governments in 2015 as part of the National Transformation Agenda, the National Physical Plan (NPP), the Eleventh Malaysia Plan (11MP) and the 2045 Negeri Sembilan Structural Plan, in order to evenly balancing the existing development in the neighbouring Klang Valley area, providing ample space for the southern extension of the Greater Kuala Lumpur area, as well as to transform Negeri Sembilan into a developed state by 2045.[41][42][43] As of 2022, the MVV is now in its second iteration, and is still undergoing development. Meanwhile, districts east of the MVV - Rembau, Kuala Pilah, Tampin and Jempol - are yet to be developed into an agropolis, to boost foodstuff production in the state and national levels respectively.[44]

The agricultural activity includes rubber and oil palm plantations, livestock, fruit orchards and vegetable farming. About 3,099 square kilometres are used for rubber and oil palm plantations.

الثقافة

The Minangkabau people brought along with them a cultural heritage which is still preserved and practised today as the adat perpatih, a matrilineal system of inheritance and administration that is unique to the state, where the husband is the head of the household and inheritance passes from the mother to the daughter. The Minangkabaus in Negeri Sembilan are divided into twelve suku (clans). Each of these suku is led by a chief, known as the Lembaga. Each suku is broken down into subunits known as the Perut, where each of them are led by a chief, either known as a Buapak (male) or Ibu Soko (female). Both the Buapak and Ibu Soko play a vital role as people to refer to regarding the adat and religious matters among the subordinates of the Perut, known as Anak Buah. Marriage between members of the same clan is forbidden. The twelve suku are known as the following, of which the names of each suku indicates the area where they hailed:

  • Biduanda
  • Seri Lemak
  • Seri Melenggang
  • Anak Aceh
  • Anak Melaka
  • Tiga Nenek
  • Tiga Batu
  • Tanah Datar
  • Batu Hampar
  • Payakumbuh
  • Batu Belang
  • Mungkal


One perbilangan (customary poetry) sums up the traditional administrative system of the state:

Alam beraja,
Luak berpenghulu,
Suku berlembaga,
Anak buah berbuapak.

The Minangkabau influence in the state can be found in dances and food as well.

Performing arts

Negeri Sembilan also has traditional music like the Caklempong, Dikir Rebana, Tumbuk Kalang, and Bongai.[45][46][47][48]

The musical instruments used to bear some semblance to Sumatra, the ancestral home of the Minangkabau people. Dances like the tarian lilin (candle dance) and rentak kuda (the beat of the horse) are popular in Negeri Sembilan and the coordinated movements of the dancers in their colorful costumes in the Tarian Piring and the upbeat tempo of Tarian Randai. Unlike modern dance, each beat, rhythm and movement in these dances combines to form a story, maybe of a bygone myth or simply a reflection of the lifestyles of another era.

They are usually performed at traditional festivities, cultural events and dinner-cum-cultural shows.

النقل

Pedas-Linggi interchange, on the North-South Expressway near Rembau
انظر أيضاً: Klang Valley Integrated Transit System

As in most other Asian cities, driving is the main choice in the state. there are three expressways serving the state, which are PLUS Highway, LEKAS Highway and Seremban–Port Dickson Highway. Public transportation covers a variety of transport modes such as bus, rail and taxi.

Free bus in Seremban

For the bus services, it is operated by myBAS in the state. There are also 3 lines of free bus services in the Seremban and Jempol districts funded by the state government, now operated by MARA Liner. MARA Liner also operated 4 rural routes in Rembau and Tampin districts.

Seremban has a main bus station which is Terminal One which connects Seremban with major places in Negeri Sembilan such as Kuala Pilah, Bahau, Rembau and Malaysia such as Alor Setar, Ipoh and Melaka. All bus companies that provide bus services are based here.

KTMB's Seremban railway station

For the rail services, Seremban Railway Station is the main station to the state capital - Seremban and part of the Klang Valley Integrated Transit System, while Gemas Railway Station in Tampin District is the interchange between West Coast and East Coast Line. The KTM Komuter, a commuter rail service, was introduced in 1995 as the first rail transit system to provide local rail services from Negeri Sembilan to Kuala Lumpur and the surrounding Klang Valley suburban areas.[49] KTM Komuter's 175 km (109 mi) network in the Central Sector has 53 stations. It consists of two cross-city routes, namely the Port Klang Line (Tanjung Malim to Port Klang) and Seremban Line (Batu Caves to Pulau Sebang/Tampin).

There are no civil airports in the state, while the nearest airport, Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA) at Sepang, Selangor can be accessed via shuttle bus between Nilai Komuter station to the airport.[50]

المطبخ

Masak lemak cili api

Traditional Negeri Sembilan food is typically very hot and spicy, as one of the ingredients used is the cili padi, one of the hottest types of chili peppers. Masak lemak cili api, a type of gulai made with turmeric and cili padi-infused coconut milk (santan), is a trademark dish in the cuisine of the state. The Negeri Sembilanese are also known for their penchant for smoked foods (known as salai in Malay), with examples include sembilang salai (smoked catfish), ayam salai (smoked chicken), etc., and these can also be cooked masak lemak cili api-style.

Rendang
Apam Johol

Rendang, which is a rich dish of dry braised meat with herbs, spices and coconut milk, is also a well known fare in Negeri Sembilan, and there are variations of it according to the districts where the rendang originated, such as rendang maman from Gemencheh in Tampin District, made with maman leaves. Another Negeri Sembilan speciality is lemang, glutinous rice cooked in coconut milk in a bamboo stem over an open fire. This is normally served with rendang.[5]

السياحة

Attractions in Negeri Sembilan include:

  • Galeri Diraja Tuanku Ja'afar - is a gallery in Seremban, showcasing the life of former Negeri Sembilan Yang di-Pertuan Besar, Tuanku Ja'afar.
  • Port Dickson – A famous weekend retreat for city dwellers, said to have been named after British officer John Frederick Dickson in 1889.[51] Port Dickson is known for its high-end hotel establishments, army bases, pristine beaches facing the Strait of Malacca, and a lot more.
  • Seri Menanti Royal Museum – Originally a palace for the Negeri Sembilan Royal family until 1992, this five-storey wooden palace was built using no nails or screws. The palace exhibits costumes, weaponry, bed chambers as well as documents on the royal lineage on display in the museum[52]
  • Army Museum – Located in the Port Dickson suburb of Sirusa, it is the largest military museum in Malaysia. The Army Museum (Malay: Muzium Tentera Darat) exhibits artefacts in regards to the history of the Malaysian Army.[53]
  • Mount Datuk - Located in Rembau, this 884-metre peak provides a good work out and excellent views from the top, which also include the Strait of Malacca, visible from the peak on a clear day. It is easily accessible via a day trip from Kuala Lumpur.
  • Mount Angsi - Standing at 2,702 ft (824 m), it is the seventh highest peak in Negeri Sembilan, after Mounts Besar Hantu (1,462 m [4,797 ft]), Hantu Kecil (1,354 m [4,442 ft]), Telapak Buruk (1,193 m [3,914 ft]), Berembun (1,017 m [3,337 ft]), Datuk (884 m [2,900 ft]) and Bintongan (839 m [2,753 ft]). It is even closer to Kuala Lumpur and is a popular climbing spot. The mountain is located on the border between Seremban and Kuala Pilah Districts.
  • Lukut Fort and Museum - In Lukut, the tourists can wander among the hilltop remains of a 19th-century fort before visiting the neighbouring Lukut Museum which contains a Lukut Historical Gallery and other interesting artefacts.
  • Penarikan Portage - the spot close to Bahau town is Jalan Penarikan where boats were carried over the short gap between eastbound and westbound rivers of the Malay Peninsula allowing movement between both coasts of the peninsula. It is described as the first east–west land route in Malaysian history.
  • Teratak Za'aba - Pendeta Za'aba, whose real name was Zainal Abidin Ahmad, was a renowned Malay scholar and linguist who contributed a lot in shaping the modern Malay language. This museum, dedicated to him, is located at his birthplace in Kampung Bukit Kerdas, Batu Kikir near Bahau.
  • Megalithic sites - Negeri Sembilan is home to a number of megalithic sites of historical significance, such as in Terachi in Kuala Pilah District, Repah in Tampin District and Pengkalan Kempas in Port Dickson District.
  • Gemencheh Bridge (Sungai Kelamah) Memorial - This memorial marks the site of a battle at Gemencheh Bridge during World War II where Allied forces ambushed advancing Japanese troops. Many people died here.
  • Gemas Railway Museum - Gemas, Tampin District is a town known for being located on the junction between the east coast and west coast lines of the Keretapi Tanah Melayu Berhad's (KTMB) railway network. Previously, the museum's building was the former Gemas railway station, which ceased operations in 2013 after 91 years of service, coincident to the completion of the new station building, as part of the electrification and double tracking of the Seremban-Gemas section of the West Coast Line.
  • Pasoh Caves - Located in Pasoh Forest Reserve, Jelebu, the Pasoh Caves complex holds the distinction of being the southernmost karst cave in Peninsular Malaysia as well as the first Paleolithic site discovered in the southern region, following the discovery of some artifacts as old as 14,000 years, in an excavation conducted by the Science University of Malaysia (USM).
  • Batu Maloi Cave - Located in Johol, Kuala Pilah District, the Batu Maloi Cave is a 2.4-kilometre long talus cave made up of fallen boulders of granite with a river flowing through it. Said to be the longest granite cave in Malaysia, and is popular among cavers.
  • Kenaboi State Park - Located in Jelebu, Kenaboi State Park is nestled in the lush million-year old rainforest and peaks of the Titiwangsa Mountains. The nature reserve is famous for being the main entry point to the tallest mountain in Negeri Sembilan, Mount Besar Hantu (1,462 m) and natural landmarks such as Lata Kijang, Lata Dinding and Lata Berungut.
  • Mount Tampin - Located in Tampin in the southern corner of the state, Mount Tampin is the geographical southern terminus of the Titiwangsa Mountains, at an elevation of 764 m.

التنعليم

Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai
UiTM, Rembau campus

Negeri Sembilan has several tertiary education institutions. Most of these education institutions are concentrated in major towns in Negeri Sembilan. The list below represents public and private university based in Negeri Sembilan state:

Public universities

Name Acronym Foundation Location
Islamic Science University of Malaysia USIM 1998 Nilai
Universiti Teknologi MARA UiTM 1999 Kuala Pilah, Seremban & Rembau
Institut Pendidikan Guru Kampus Pendidikan Teknik IPG KPT 2013 Bandar Enstek, Nilai

Private universities and university colleges

Name Acronym Foundation Location Ref
INTI International University INTI-IU 1998 Nilai
Manipal International University MIU 2011 Nilai [54]
Nilai University NU 1997 Nilai
Linton University College UCL 1995 Mantin
Malaysia Theological Seminary STM 1979 Seremban
UCSI International School UCSI 1986 Bandar Springhill

الرعاية الصحية

There are public hospitals and private hospitals in Negeri Sembilan:

Public Hospitals

  • Hospital Tuanku Jaafar, Seremban
  • Hospital Tuanku Ampuan Najihah, Kuala Pilah
  • Hospital Port Dickson
  • Hospital Tampin
  • Hospital Jelebu
  • Hospital Jempol
  • Hospital Rembau

Private Hospitals

  • Nilai Medical Centre[55]
  • Seremban Specialist Hospital[56]
  • Columbia Asia Medical Centre - Seremban[57]
  • Senawang Specialist Hospital
  • NSCMH Medical Centre
  • Columbia Asia Hospital
  • Mawar Medical Centre

أشخاص بارزون

انظر أيضاً

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وصلات خارجية

Bera,  پهنگ دار المعمور Bentong / Bera,  پهنگ دار المعمور
Hulu Langat,  سلانغور دار الإحسان 		Sepang,  سلانغور دار الإحسان
Straits of Malacca
Bera,  پهنگ دار المعمور
Segamat,  جوهر دار التعظيم 		شمال Straits of Malacca
الشرق   Negeri Sembilan    الغرب
جنوب
Ledang,  جوهر دار التعظيم Alor Gajah / Jasin,  ملاك دار العظيم Straits of Malacca
تمّ الاسترجاع من "https://www.marefa.org/w/index.php?title=نگري_سمبيلن_دار_الخصوص&oldid=2973897"