مملكة أنوراداپورا

مملكة أنوراداپورا අනුරාධපුර රාජධානිය 377 ق.م.–1017 م The flag used by Dutthagamani and subsequent rulers.      مملكة أنوراداپورا      إمارة مالايا (مالايا راتا)      إمارة روهونو (روهونو راتا) العاصمة أنوراداپورا اللغات الشائعة سنهالا، التاميلية الدين البوذية و الهندوسية (حتى 267 ق.م.) الحكومة ملكية • 377 ق.م.-367 ق.م. پاندوكابايا • 982–1017 ماهندا الخامس التاريخ   • تأسست 377 ق.م. • انحلت 1017 م Area 65,610 km2 (25,330 sq mi) سبقها تلاها مملكة تامباپاني مملكة پولوناروا

مملكة أنوراداپورا (سنهالا: අනුරාධපුර රාජධානිය، وتُنطق: Anurādhapura Rājadhāniya, بالتاميل: அனுராதபுர இராச்சியம்؛ إنگليزية: Anuradhapura Kingdom)، مسماة على اسم عاصمتها، كانت أول مملكة تتأسس في سريلانكا القديمة وفي الشعب السنهالي. أسسها الملك پاندوكابايا في 377 ق.م.، وامتدت سلطة المملكة في أرجاء البلاد، بالرغم من استقلال بعض المناطق من حين لآخر، وهو الأمر الذي تزايد قرب نهاية المملكة. Nonetheless, the king of Anuradhapura was seen as the supreme ruler of the country throughout the Anuradhapura period. Buddhism played a strong role in the Anuradhapura period, influencing its culture, laws, and methods of governance. Society and culture were revolutionized when the faith was introduced during the reign of King Devanampiya Tissa; this cultural change was further strengthened by the arrival of the Tooth Relic of the Buddha in Sri Lanka and the patronage extended by her rulers.

Invasions from South India were a constant threat throughout the Anuradhapura period. Rulers such as Dutthagamani, Valagamba, and Dhatusena are noted for defeating the South Indians and regaining control of the kingdom. Other rulers who are notable for military achievements include Gajabahu I, who launched an invasion against the invaders, and Sena II, who sent his armies to assist a Pandyan prince.

Because the kingdom was largely based on agriculture, the construction of irrigation works was a major achievement of the Anuradhapura Kingdom, ensuring water supply in the dry zone and helping the country grow mostly self-sufficient. Several kings, most notably Vasabha and Mahasena, built large reservoirs and canals, which created a vast and complex irrigation network in the Rajarata area throughout the Anuradhapura period. These constructions are an indication of the advanced technical and engineering skills used to create them. The famous paintings and structures at Sigiriya; the Ruwanwelisaya, Jetavana stupas, and other large stupas; large buildings like the Lovamahapaya; and religious works (like the numerous Buddha statues) are landmarks demonstrating the Anuradhapura period's advancement in sculpting.

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 مدينة أنوراداپورا

In 543 BC, prince Vijaya (543–505 BC) arrived in Sri Lanka, having been banished from his homeland in India. He eventually brought the island under his control and established himself as king. After this, his retinue established villages and colonies throughout the country. One of these was established by Anuradha, a minister of King Vijaya, on the banks of a stream called Kolon and was named Anuradhagama.

In 377 BC, King Pandukabhaya (437–367 BC) made it his capital and developed it into a prosperous city. Anuradhapura (Anurapura) was named after the minister who first established the village and after a grandfather of Pandukabhaya who lived there. The name was also derived from the city's establishment on the auspicious asterism called Anura. Anuradhapura was the capital of all the monarchs who ruled the country in the Anuradhapura Kingdom, with the exception of Kashyapa I (473–491), who chose Sigiriya to be his capital. The city is also marked on Ptolemy's world map.

 التجارة والاقتصاد

Ancient coins belonging to the Anuradhapura period on display at the museum of Anuradhapura.

 الثقافة

Typical layout of the tank, settlements and paddy fields in a traditional dry zone village.

 الدين

Gilded bronze statue of the Bodhisattva Tara, dated to the 8th century, found in the eastern coast of Sri Lanka

 انظر أيضاً

• List of Sri Lankan monarchs
• Beminitiya Seya

 المراجع

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