مملكة أفغانستان

Kingdom of Afghanistan د افغانستان واکمنان Dǝ Afġānistān wākmanān پادشاهي افغانستان, Pādešāhī-ye Afġānistān
1926–1973
العلم Emblem
العاصمة	كابول
اللغات الشائعة	پشتو, الفارسية
الدين	Sunni Islam
الحكومة	Constitutional monarchy
King
• 1926–1929	Amanullah Khan
• 1929	Inayatullah Khan
• 1929	Habibullāh Kalakāni
• 1929–1933	Mohammed Nadir Shah
• 1933–1973	Mohammed Zahir Shah
Prime Minister
• 1929–1946	Mohammad Khan (first)
• 1972–1973	Mohammad Shafiq (last)
التشريع	Loya Jirga
الحقبة التاريخية	Interwar Period • Cold War
• Succeeds Afghan emirate	9 June 1926
• Monarchy abolished	17 July 1973
Area
1973	647,500 km2 (250,000 sq mi)
التعداد
• 1973	11966400
Currency	Afghan afghani
سبقها تلاها إمارة أفغانستان جمهورية أفغانستان
Today part of	أفغانستان

The Kingdom of Afghanistan (Pashto: د افغانستان واکمنان, Dǝ Afġānistān wākmanān; Persian: پادشاهي افغانستان, Pādešāhī-ye Afġānistān) was a constitutional monarchy in southern and central Asia established in 1926 as a successor state to the Emirate of Afghanistan. It was proclaimed by its first king, Amanullah Khan, seven years after his accession to the throne.

Amanullah Khan was keen on modernizing the country, resulting in conservative forces causing social upheaval on a number of occasions. When he was visiting Europe in 1927, rebellion broke out again. He abdicated in favour of his brother Inayatullah Khan who only ruled for three days before the leader of the tribal rebellion Habibullah Kalakani took power and reinstated the Emirate.

After 10 months, Amanullah Khan's Minister of War, Mohammed Nadir, returned from exile in India. His British-supported armies sacked Kabul, forcing Habibullah Kalakani to discuss a truce. Instead, Mohammed Nadir's forces apprehended and subsequently executed Kalakani. Mohammed Nadir reinstated the kingdom, was proclaimed King of Afghanistan in October 1929, and went on to revert the reformist path of the last king, Amanullah Khan. He was succeeded by his son, Mohammed Zahir Shah, whose rule started in 1933 and lasted for 39 years. Mohammed Zahir Shah, the last King of Afghanistan, was eventually overthrown by his own cousin Mohammed Daoud Khan who successfully ended the centuries-old monarchy and established a republican Afghan government. It was under the leadership of Zahir Shah that the Afghan government sought relationships with the outside world, most notably with the Soviet Union, United Kingdom and the الولايات المتحدة.

On 27 September 1934, during the reign of Zahir Shah, the Kingdom of Afghanistan joined the League of Nations. During World War II, Afghanistan remained neutral and pursued a diplomatic policy of non-alignment. Mohammed Daoud Khan, Prime Minister of Afghanistan at the time, worked hard for development of modern industries, and education in the country.

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 معرض صور

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  فصل في علم الأحياء، جامعة كابول، ع1960.

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 انظر أيضاً

• Barakzai Dynasty
• European influence in Afghanistan
• List of Sunni Muslim dynasties
• Reforms of Amanullah Khan and civil war