ملجأ أيتام

هذا المقال هو عن the institution. إذا كنت تريد other uses، انظر Orphanage (disambiguation).
Plaque where once stood the ruota ("the wheel"), the place to abandon children at the side of the Chiesa della Pietà, the church of an orphanage in Venice. The plaque cites on a Papal bull by Paul III dated 12 November 1548, threatens "excommunication and maledictions" for all those who – having the means to rear a child – choose to abandon him/her instead. Such ex-communication may not be canceled until the culprit refunds all freights incurred to raise the baby.
Former Jewish orphanage in Berlin-Pankow
Sofianlehto Orphanage from 1930 in Helsinki, Finland
St. Nicholas Orphanage in Novosibirsk, Russia

ملجأ الأيتام هو عبارة عن مكان يعيش فيه الأطفال يتامى الأب والأم ومن المفترض ان الملجأ يجد فيه الطفل الرعاية و الحنان التى افتقدها الطفل في أحضان ابيه و امه ولا شك ان في مصر كثير من الملاجىء تعمل من أجل الربح فقط مع إنه يجب أن يكون الملجأ منشىء بغرض خيرى فقط ومن ثم يجب أن تشرف وزارة الشئون الإجتماعية على كل الملاجىء التى تنشأ في مصر ومتابعتها أولاً بأول .


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التاريخ

Caring for orphans, by Dutch artist Jan de Bray, 1663

The Romans formed their first orphanages around 400 AD. Jewish law prescribed care for the widow and the orphan, and Athenian law supported all orphans of those killed in military service until the age of eighteen. Plato (Laws, 927) says: "Orphans should be placed under the care of public guardians. Men should have a fear of the loneliness of orphans and of the souls of their departed parents. A man should love the unfortunate orphan of whom he is guardian as if he were his own child. He should be as careful and as diligent in the management of the orphan's property as of his own or even more careful still."[1] The care of orphans was referred to bishops and, during the Middle Ages, to monasteries. As soon as they were old enough, children were often given as apprentices to households to ensure their support and to learn an occupation.

In medieval Europe, care for orphans tended to reside with the Church. The Elizabethan Poor Laws were enacted at the time of the Reformation and placed public responsibility on individual parishes to care for the indigent poor.


Foundling Hospitals

The Foundling Hospital. The building has been demolished.

The growth of sentimental philanthropy in the 18th century led to the establishment of the first charitable institutions that would cater to orphans. The Foundling Hospital was founded in 1741 by the philanthropic sea captain Thomas Coram in London, England, as a children's home for the "education and maintenance of exposed and deserted young children." The first children were admitted into a temporary house located in Hatton Garden. At first, no questions were asked about child or parent, but a distinguishing token was put on each child by the parent.[2]

On reception, children were sent to wet nurses in the countryside, where they stayed until they were about four or five years old. At sixteen, girls were generally apprenticed as servants for four years; at fourteen, boys were apprenticed into a variety of occupations, typically for seven years. There was a small benevolent fund for adults.


حول العالم

مصر

"The [Mosques of Charity] orphanage houses about 120 children في الجيزة والمنوفية والقليوبية." "We [Dar Al-Iwaa] provide free education and accommodation for over 200 girls and boys." "Dar Al-Mu'assassa Al-Iwaa'iya (Shelter Association), a government association affiliated with the Ministry of Social Affairs, was established in 1992. It houses about 44 children." There are also 192 children at The Awlady, 30 at Sayeda Zeinab orphanage, and 300 at My Children Orphanage.

Note: There are about 185 orphanages in Egypt. The above information was taken from the following articles: "Other families" by Amany Abdel-Moneim. Al-Ahram Weekly (5/1999). "Ramadan brings a charity to Egypt's orphans". Shanghai Star (13 December 2001). "A Child by Any Other Name" by Réhab El-Bakry. Egypt Today (11/2001).

Orphanage Project in Egypt—www.littlestlamb.org

Sudan

There is still at least one orphanage in Sudan although the conditions there have been reported as very poor.[3]

South Sudan

The number of orphans is expected to be 5,000 in 2023 in South Sudan. And in 2018, the UN Children Fund (UNICEF) reported that about 15,000 children in South Sudan had become separated from their families or were missing due to conflict.[4]

Bahrain

The "Royal Charity Organization"[5] is a Bahraini governmental charity organization founded in 2001 by King Hamad ibn Isa Al Khalifah to sponsor all helpless Bahraini orphans and widows. Since then almost 7,000 Bahraini families are granted monthly payments, annual school bags, and a number of university scholarships. Graduation ceremonies, various social and educational activities, and occasional contests are held each year by the organization for the benefit of orphans and widows sponsored by the organization.

Iraq

UNICEF maintains the same number at present. "While the number of state homes for orphans in the whole of Iraq was 25 in 1990 (serving 1,190 children); both the number of homes and the number of beneficiaries has declined. The quality of services has also declined."

A 1999 study by UNICEF "recommended the rebuilding of national capacity for the rehabilitation of orphans." The new project "will benefit all the 1,190 children placed in orphanages."

Palestinian Territory

"In 1999, the number of children living in orphanages witnessed a considerable drop as compared to 1998. The number dropped from 1,980 to 1,714 orphans. This is due to the policy of child re-integration in their household adopted by the Ministry of Social Affairs."


See also

References

  1. ^ "The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume XI".
  2. ^ "Ashlyns School, Berkhamsted, Hertfordshire". Ashlyns.herts.sch.uk. Archived from the original on 27 May 2012. Retrieved 2012-05-19.
  3. ^ "Sudan Activists appeal for Orphanage where 54 died". abcnews.go.com. Retrieved 2022-07-01.
  4. ^ "South Sudan orphanage restoring hope to young victims of civil strife". english.news.cn.
  5. ^ "Royal Charity Organization". Orphans.gov.bh. Archived from the original on 10 February 2012. Retrieved 3 April 2012.

Works cited

External links

قالب:Adopt

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